1. A long life double layer capacitor comprising:
a case;
a first terminal;
an electrically insulating hermetic seal interposed between the first terminal and the case;
a first current collector foil electrically coupled to an interior portion of the first terminal;
a first electrode, wherein the first electrode comprises carbon, the first electrode being juxtaposed against one side of the first current collector foil;
a porous separator juxtaposed against another side of the first electrode;
a second electrode, wherein the second electrode comprises carbon, one side of the second electrode being juxtaposed against the porous separator, wherein the porous separator is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode;
a second current collector foil, the second current collector foil being juxtaposed against another side of the second electrode;
a second terminal electrically coupled to the second current collector foil; and
an electrolyte solution saturating the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the electrolyte solution is substantially contained by the case and the electrically insulating hermetic seal, and wherein influx of impurities into the electrolyte solution is substantially inhibited by the case and the electrically insulating hermetic seal.
2. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 1 wherein said electrically insulating hermetic seal comprises glass.
3. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 2 wherein said first terminal comprises molybdenum.
4. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 2 wherein said first terminal comprises platinum coated molybdenum.
5. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 2 wherein said case comprises:
a header plate, wherein the electrically insulating hermetic seal is interposed between the first terminal and the header plate; and
a can, wherein the header plate is welded to the can.
6. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 2 wherein said electrically insulating hermetic seal comprises one or more of the group consisting of silica, boron oxide, alumina, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, and lithium oxide.
7. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 1 wherein said case comprises a conductive case.
8. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 7 wherein said conductive case comprises stainless steel.
9. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 1 wherein said porous separator can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250\xb0 C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.
10. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 9 wherein said porous separator material comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
11. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 1 wherein said case can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250\xb0 C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.
12. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 1 wherein said electrolyte solution comprises a selected solvent and a selected salt.
13. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 12 wherein said selected solvent comprises acetonitrile or propylene carbonate.
14. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 12 wherein said selected salt comprises tetraethylammonium tetraflouraborate or triethylmethylammonium tetraflouraborate.
15. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 1 wherein said electrically insulating hermetic seal can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250\xb0 C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.
16. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 1 further comprising one or more crimps formed in said case for exerting a modest, constant pressure on an electrode assembly contained within said case.
17. A long life double layer capacitor comprising:
a hermetically sealed case;
a plurality of electrodes, each having a first side, wherein each of the plurality of electrodes comprises carbon;
a plurality of current collector foils each juxtaposed against a respective one of the plurality of electrodes against said first side;
a porous separator material positioned between respective ones of the plurality of electrodes; and
a non-aqueous electrolyte solution saturating said plurality of electrodes, wherein a multi-electrode, single cell device is formed, and wherein influx of impurities into the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is substantially inhibited by the hermetically sealed case.
18. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 17 wherein said hermetically sealed case comprises a glass-to-metal seal.
19. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 18 wherein said glass-to-metal seal can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250\xb0 C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.
20. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 18 wherein a first terminal is coupled to at least one of said plurality of electrodes through said glass-to-metal seal.
21. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 20 wherein said first terminal comprises molybdenum.
22. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 21 further comprising:
a second terminal wherein said second terminal is electrically coupled to said case.
23. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 21 wherein said first terminal further comprises platinum.
24. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 21 wherein said first terminal comprises a platinum coated molybdenum wire.
25. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 17 wherein said electrolyte solution comprises a selected solvent and a selected salt.
26. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 25 wherein said selected solvent comprises acetonitrile or propylene carbonate.
27. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 26 wherein said selected salt comprises tetraethylammonium tetraflouraborate or triethylmethylammonium tetraflouraborate.
28. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 17 wherein said hermetically sealed case can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250\xb0 C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.
29. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 17 wherein said porous separator material can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250\xb0 C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.
30. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 29 wherein said porous separator material comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
31. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 17 wherein said double layer capacitor can withstand exposure to temperatures of up to 250\xb0 C. for periods of up to 5 minutes.
32. The long life double layer capacitor of claim 17 further comprising one or more crimps formed in said hermetically sealed case for exerting a modest, constant pressure on said plurality of electrodes, said plurality of current collector foils, and said porous separator material contained within said hermetically sealed case.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An electric motor comprising:
a rotor; and
a stator;
wherein the rotor is supported on a substantially spherical bearing and is of a substantially spherical design facing the stator;
wherein the stator has a magnetic return-path body made of a compressed powder material; and
wherein at least segments of the return-path body facing the rotor are of a substantially spherical design facing the rotor.
2. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein:
the return-path body is a compact body or comprises compact return-path body elements.
3. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein:
the return-path body is composed of a plurality of return-path body elements.
4. The electric motor according to claim 3, wherein:
adjacent return-path body elements are connected via a plug connection.
5. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein:
the return-path body comprises a plurality of segments each having a substantially spherical surface facing the stator.
6. The electric motor according to claim 5, wherein:
adjacent segments are magnetically separated.
7. The electric motor according to claim 5, wherein:
a gap is provided between adjacent segments.
8. The electric motor according to claim 5, wherein:
segments are connected to one another via a return-path area.
9. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein:
the return-path body surrounds the rotor in a ring shape.
10. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein:
the powder material comprises iron granules electrically insulated relative to one another.
11. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein:
the return-path body has at least one coil receiving portion.
12. The electric motor according to claim 11, wherein:
the coil receiving portion is provided with an electric insulation andor an accommodated coil is provided with an electric insulation towards the coil receiving portion.
13. The electric motor according to claim 11, wherein:
the at least one coil receiving portion is arranged and designed such that accommodated coils do not project beyond a spherical area of the return-path body in the direction of the rotor.
14. The electric motor according to claim 11, wherein:
an air gap formed between the rotor and a spherical area of the return-path body is free from coils.
15. The electric motor according to claim 11, wherein:
the return-path body has a plurality of recesses as coil receiving portions or for the formation of coil receiving portions.
16. The electric motor according to claim 15, wherein:
a recess having an area facing the rotor is set back in relation to the spherical surface of the return-path body.
17. The electric motor according to claim 11, wherein:
a coil is wound onto a coil receiving portion.
18. The electric motor according to claim 11, wherein:
a prefabricated coil is positioned on a coil receiving portion.
19. The electric motor according to claim 10, wherein:
a coil receiving portion is dimensioned such that the part of the return-path body located in the area of the generated magnetic field of the accommodated coil is considerably smaller than the area of the return-path body transferring the generated magnetic field towards the rotor.
20. The electric motor according to claim 10, wherein:
a coil receiving portion is dimensioned such that an adequate area of the return-path body is made available in order to transport magnetic flux below the saturation level.
21. The electric motor according to claim 10, wherein:
a coil receiving portion is designed such that a coil with a round or approximately round cross section is adapted to be accommodated.
22. The electric motor according to claim 10, wherein:
the return-path body has a plurality of adjacent recesses as coil receiving portions, said recesses being set back in relation to the spherical surface.
23. The electric motor according to claim 22, wherein:
the recesses are arranged so as to be distributed uniformly around an inner circumference of the return-path body.
24. The electric motor according to claim 22, wherein:
a coil axis of a coil seated in the coil receiving portion lies substantially in circumferential direction of the return-path body.
25. The electric motor according to claim 22, wherein:
a coil axis of a coil seated in the coil receiving portion is aligned substantially radially.
26. The electric motor according to claim 10, wherein:
the at least one coil receiving portion is arranged behind or beneath the spherical surface area of the return-path body facing the rotor.
27. The electric motor according to claim 26, wherein:
the return-path body has a connecting area located transversely to an axis of rotation of the rotor and making a transverse magnetic connection available.
28. The electric motor according to claim 27, wherein:
the at least one coil receiving portion is formed at the connecting area.
29. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein:
the rotor is a cage rotor.
30. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein:
the rotor is adapted to generate a magnetic field.
31. The electric motor according to claim 30, wherein:
the rotor comprises a plurality of permanent magnets.
32. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein:
the rotor is a hysteresis rotor.
33. The electric motor according to claim 1, wherein:
a plurality of coils are arranged on the return-path body as torus-shaped windings.
34. The electric motor according to claim 33, wherein:
a winding axis is substantially parallel to a circumferential direction of the return-path body.
35. The electric motor according to claim 33, wherein:
the return-path body is formed in one piece.
36. The electric motor as defined in claim 33, wherein:
adjacent coils are electrically connected separately.
37. A circulation pump comprising:
an electric motor, comprising:
a rotor; and
a stator;
wherein the rotor is supported on a spherical bearing and is of a spherical design facing the stator;
wherein the stator has a magnetic return-path body made of a compressed powder material; and
wherein the return-path body is of a spherical design facing the rotor, at least in segments facing the rotor.
38. Circulation pump according to claim 37, wherein:
a partition wall is arranged in an air gap between rotor and return-path body.
39. Circulation pump according to claim 38, wherein:
the air gap is dimensioned such that the rotor is not essentially braked by friction in the area between partition wall and rotor.