1. A method for transmitting a reference signal by a base station in a mobile communication system, the method comprising the steps of:
generating, at the base station, information for a non zero transmission power reference signal including at least one resource element;
generating, at the base station, bitmap information indicating a zero transmission power reference signal; and
transmitting, at the base station, the information for the non zero transmission power reference signal and the bitmap information to a terminal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein when the at least one resource element for the non zero transmission power reference signal overlaps with resource elements for the zero transmission power reference signal indicated by the bitmap information, the overlapped resource elements are assumed as the non zero transmission power reference signal.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the bitmap information indicates the zero transmission power reference signal in units of four resource elements.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference signal comprises a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS).
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting a configuration message including at least one of a number of antenna ports, information of a resource location for the non zero transmission power reference signal, and information of a subframe for the non zero transmission power reference signal.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein a number of the configuration message of the non zero transmission power reference signal is zero or one, and
wherein a number of a configuration message of the zero transmission power reference signal is zero or more.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein a most significant bit of the bitmap information corresponds to a lowest reference signal configuration index, and subsequent bits in the bitmap information correspond to configurations with indices in an increasing order.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
reallocating a transmission power for a subframe including the zero transmission power reference signal according to the zero transmission power reference signal; and
transmitting the subframe according to the reallocated transmission power.
9. A base station for transmitting reference signals in a mobile communication system, the base station comprising:
a transceiver; and
a controller configured to generate information for a non zero transmission power reference signal including at least one resource element, to generate bitmap information indicating a zero transmission power reference signal, and to control the transceiver to transmit the information for the non zero transmission power reference signal and the bitmap information to a terminal.
10. The base station of claim 9, wherein when the at least one resource element for the non zero transmission power reference signal overlaps with resource elements for a zero transmission power reference signal indicated by the bitmap information, the overlapped resource elements are assumed as the non zero transmission power reference signal.
11. The base station of claim 9, wherein the bitmap information indicates the zero transmission power reference signal in units of four resource elements.
12. The base station of claim 9, wherein the reference signal comprises a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS).
13. The base station of claim 9, wherein the transceiver is configured to transmit a configuration message comprising at least one of a number of antenna ports, information of a resource location for the non zero transmission power reference signal, and information of a subframe for the non zero transmission power reference signal.
14. The base station of claim 13, wherein a number of the configuration messages of the non zero transmission power reference signal is zero or one, and
wherein a number of a configuration message of the zero transmission power reference signal is zero or more.
15. The base station of claim 9, wherein a most significant bit of the bitmap information corresponds to a lowest reference signal configuration index, and subsequent bits in the bitmap information correspond to configurations with indices in an increasing order.
16. The base station of claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to reallocate a transmission power for a subframe comprising the zero transmission power reference signal according to the zero transmission power reference signal, and to transmit the subframe according to the reallocated transmission power.
17. A method for processing a reference signal transmitted by a base station in a mobile communication system, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving, at a terminal, information for a non zero transmission power reference signal from the base station, wherein the reference signal includes at least one resource element;
receiving a bitmap information indicating a zero transmission power reference signal; and
processing the non zero transmission power reference signal and the zero transmission power reference signal according to the information for the non zero transmission power reference signal and the bitmap information indicating the zero transmission power reference signal.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein when the at least one resource element for the non zero transmission power reference signal overlaps with resource elements for the zero transmission power reference signal indicated by the bitmap information, the overlapped resource elements are assumed as the non zero transmission power reference signal.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the bitmap information indicates the zero transmission power reference signal in units of four resource elements.
20. The method of claim 17, wherein the reference signal comprises a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS).
21. The method of claim 17, further comprising receiving a configuration message including at least one of a number of antenna ports, information of a resource location for the non zero transmission power reference signal, and information of a subframe for the non zero transmission power reference signal.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein a number of the configuration message of the non zero transmission power reference signal is zero or one, and
wherein a number of a configuration message of the zero transmission power reference signal is zero or more.
23. The method of claim 17, wherein a most significant bit of the bitmap information corresponds to a lowest reference signal configuration index, and subsequent bits in the bitmap information correspond to configurations with indices in an increasing order.
24. A terminal for processing a reference signal transmitted by a base station in a mobile communication system, the terminal comprising:
a transceiver; and
a controller configured to control the transceiver to receive information for a non zero transmission power reference signal comprising at least one resource element and to receive bitmap information indicating a zero transmission power reference signal, and to process the non zero transmission power reference signal and the zero transmission power reference signal according to the information for the non zero transmission power reference signal and the bitmap information indicating the zero transmission power reference signal.
25. The terminal of claim 24, wherein when the at least one resource element for the non zero transmission power reference signal overlaps with resource elements for the zero transmission power reference signal indicated by the bitmap information, the overlapped resource elements are assumed as the non zero transmission power reference signal.
26. The terminal of claim 24, wherein the bitmap information indicates the zero transmission power reference signal in units of four resource elements.
27. The terminal of claim 24, wherein the reference signal comprises a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS).
28. The terminal of claim 24, wherein the controller is further configured to control the transceiver to transmit a configuration message comprising at least one of a number of antenna ports, information of a resource location for the non zero transmission power reference signal, and information of a subframe for the non zero transmission power reference signal.
29. The terminal of claim 28, wherein a number of the configuration message of the non zero transmission power reference signal is zero or one, and
wherein a number of a configuration message of the zero transmission power reference signal is zero or more.
30. The terminal of claim 24, wherein a most significant bit of the bitmap information corresponds to a lowest reference signal configuration index, and subsequent bits in the bitmap information correspond to configurations with indices in an increasing order.
31. The terminal of claim 24, the controller is further configured to control the transceiver to receive a subframe comprising the zero transmission power reference signal according to a reallocated transmission power.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of analyzing a chemical composition of a specimen, comprising:
providing a probe comprising an outer capillary tube having an inner diameter H and an inner capillary tube disposed co-axially within said outer capillary tube, said inner and outer capillary tubes defining a solvent capillary and a sampling capillary in fluidic communication with one another at a distal end of the probe and h is a distance between a tip of said outer capillary tube and a tip of said inner capillary tube;
contacting a target site on a surface of a specimen with a solvent in fluid communication with said probe, said solvent forming a continuous liquid microjunction across the surface of the specimen spanning at least the inner diameter H of the outer capillary tube;
maintaining a plug volume proximate a solvent-specimen interface and within the liquid microjunction, the plug volume having a height less than h, wherein said plug volume is in fluid communication with said probe and wherein, during said maintaining step, a capillary ratio (hH) exceeds 1.0;
draining plug sampling fluid from said plug volume through said sampling capillary; and
analyzing a chemical composition of said plug sampling fluid with an analytical instrument.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said draining comprises modifying a sampling characteristic of said probe.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said sampling characteristic is selected from the group consisting of (i) decreasing a distance between a tip of said outer capillary and a tip of said inner capillary, (ii) increasing said sampling capillary flow rate relative to said solvent capillary flow rate, and (iii) breaking a liquid junction between said specimen and said solvent in fluid communication with said probe.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said specimen comprises a plurality of target sites, and said method further comprises:
repeating said contacting, maintaining, draining and analyzing steps for each of said plurality of target sites.
5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
plotting a property of a chemical component for each of said plurality of target sites.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein said solvent comprises a reactant selected to react with a target analyte.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein said maintaining step lasts for at least 5 seconds.
8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, translating said probe from said target site to a second target site while said solvent remained in fluidic communication with said probe and with said surface of said specimen.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein said solvent in fluid communication remains in contact with each of said target site and said second target site for at least 5 seconds.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the capillary ratio is at least 1.5.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the capillary ratio is at least 1.75.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the capillary ratio is at least 2.0.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the capillary ratio is from 1.0 to 2.0.