1. A nozzle, comprising:
an atomizing section including a ceramic material; and
an intermediate section configured to promote ultrasonic-frequency mechanical motion in the atomizing section.
2. The nozzle of claim 1, wherein the atomizing section is configured to form drops of a liquid deposited thereon and wherein the drops have number median drop sizes of less than approximately 20 microns.
3. The nozzle of claim 2, wherein the drops have number median drop sizes of between approximately 7 microns and approximately 10 microns.
4. The nozzle of claim 1, further comprising:
an interface section configured to allow introduction of a liquid into the nozzle, wherein the intermediate section is positioned between the interface section and the atomizing section.
5. The nozzle of claim 4, wherein the interface section comprises a ceramic material.
6. The nozzle of claim 4, wherein the interface section and the atomizing section have substantially equal lengths.
7. The nozzle of claim 4, wherein the atomizing section is approximately 3 times as long as the interface section.
8. The nozzle of claim 4, wherein the intermediate section includes a piezoelectric transducer.
9. The nozzle of claim 1, further comprising:
a liquid delivery apparatus positioned adjacent to the atomizing section and configured to deposit a liquid directly onto the atomizing section.
10. The nozzle of claim 1, wherein the atomizing section is configured to form drops from a liquid deposited thereon at a rate above approximately 600 mlmin.
11. The nozzle of claim 10, wherein the atomizing section is configured to form the drops from the liquid when the liquid is deposited thereon at the rate of up to approximately 1200 mlmin.
12. The nozzle of claim 4, further comprising:
a clamp positioned adjacent to an exterior surface of the interface section and an exterior surface of the atomizing section, wherein the clamp is configured to keep the interface section and the atomizing section adjacent to the intermediate section.
13. The nozzle of claim 12, wherein the interface section includes a first flange, the atomizing section includes a second flange and the clamp includes:
a first cover positioned adjacent to the first flange;
a second cover positioned adjacent to the second flange; and
a fastener connecting the first cover and the second cover.
14. A method of atomizing a liquid, the method comprising:
coating a portion of a ceramic surface with a liquid; and
mechanically moving the surface at an ultrasonic frequency.
15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
forming drops from the liquid, wherein the drops have number median drop sizes of less than approximately 20 microns.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the drops have number median drop sizes of between approximately 7 microns and approximately 10 microns.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein the coating step includes introducing the liquid onto the surface at a rate of between approximately 600 mlmin and approximately 1200 mlmin.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein the mechanically moving step includes mechanically moving the surface at a frequency between approximately 120 kHz and approximately 250 kHz.
19. The method of claim 14, wherein the coating step includes introducing the liquid onto the surface using a liquid delivery apparatus positioned adjacent to the surface and configured to deposit the liquid directly onto the surface.
20. A nozzle, comprising:
means for interfacing with a source of a liquid;
means for forming drops of the liquid having number median drop sizes of less than approximately 20 microns, wherein the means for forming includes a ceramic material; and
means for promoting ultrasonic-frequency mechanical motion in the atomizing means, wherein the means for promoting is positioned between the means for interfacing and the means for forming.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A communication control method for controlling communication between devices on a predetermined network by using a communication control apparatus located on the same level as other devices of the network, the method comprising:
determining at least a cut-off object device of which communication is needed to be cut-off, according to a set communication control rule; and
providing an address resolution protocol (ARP) packet in which a data link layer address is manipulated, to the cut-off object device,
wherein the cut-off object device is controlled to transmit its data packets to manipulated abnormal addresses, and by doing so, communication by the cut-off object device is cut off.
2. The communication control method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting an ARP packet including normal address information to a device which is in a communication cut-off state although the device is not an object of communication cut-off any more, such that the communication cut-off state is canceled.
3. The communication control method of claim 1, further comprising: setting part or all of the data link layer addresses of the cut-off object devices to the data link layer address of the communication control apparatus or a third data link layer address that is not of the cut-off object devices, such that communication between cut-off object devices is cut off.
4. The communication control method of claim 1, further comprising: if there is collision between the Internet protocol (IP) address of a device newly connected to the predetermined network and the IP addresses of existing devices, transferring a correct IP address to the existing devices in a unicast method such that the collision of the IP address is prevented.
5. The communication control method of claim 1, further comprising: collecting network layer addresses and data link layer addresses of network internal devices for which the communication control rule is set.
6. The communication control method of claim 5, wherein the step of collecting address is performed by a first method in which the communication control apparatus receives an ARP packet broadcast by a device in the network in order to communicate with any other device in the network, and detects a network layer address and a data link layer address included in the packet, andor by a second method in which based on the address of an administration object device which is manually input by a network administrator, the communication control apparatus transmits an ARP request packet and detects a network layer address and a data link layer address from an ARP reply packet transmitted by the administration object device in response to the ARP request packet.
7. A communication control method for controlling communication between devices on a predetermined network, the method comprising:
collecting network layer addresses and data link layer addresses existing in the network, by a communication control apparatus;
storing communication control rules, which are set to perform desired communication control for collected addresses by a network administrator, in a communication control rule database (DB);
detecting an address resolution protocol (ARP) packet transmitted by a device in the network in order to communicate with another device in the network;
determining whether or not the detected ARP packet corresponds to a communication cut-off object, by referring to the communication control rule DB; and
if the packet corresponds to the communication cutoff object, transmitting an ARP for communication cut-off, wherein communication between network internal devices can be selectively controlled when necessary.
8. The communication control method of claim 7, wherein collecting the addresses is performed by a first method in which the communication control apparatus receives an ARP packet broadcast by a device in the network in order to communicate with any other device in the network, and detects a network layer address and a data link layer address included in the packet, andor by a second method in which based on the address of an administration object device which is manually input by a network administrator, the communication control apparatus transmits an ARP request packet and detects a network layer address and a data link layer address from an ARP reply packet transmitted by the administration object device in response to the ARP request packet.
9. The communication control method of claim 7, wherein the objects of setting the communication control rule include communication between network layer addresses, communication between data link layer addresses, and communication between a network layer address and a data link layer address.
10. The communication control method of claim 7, wherein the objects of setting the communication control rule further include communication between network layer address and network layer address groups, communication between data link layer address and data link layer address groups, communication between network layer addresses and data link layer address groups, communication between data link layer addresses and network layer address groups, and communication between network layer address groups and data link layer address groups.
11. The communication control method of claim 7, wherein when a reception side address is an object of cut-off, a cut-off packet is transmitted to the \u2018same addresses\u2019 as the reception protocol address.
12. The communication control method of claim 7, wherein when a transmission side address is an object of cut-off, a cut-off packet is transmitted to \u2018all\u2019 protocol-data link layer addresses belonging to the same network as that of the transmission side protocol.
13. The communication control method of claim 7, further comprising: if a network internal device transmits an ARP reply packet in response to the ARP request packet transmitted by the communication control apparatus, retrieving an relation rule by using a transmission side address included in the detected reply packet, and if the retrieval result indicates that there is a cut-off rule for the transmission side address, transmitting a cut-off packet to all protocol-data link layer address DBs (DB-3) belonging to the same network as that of the transmission side protocol.
14. The communication control method of claim 7, further comprising: for a device which is in a communication cut-off state although the device is not an object of communication cut-off any more with detection of a network layer packet, transmitting an ARP packet for canceling the communication cut-off state.
15. The communication control method of any one of claims 7 and 14, further comprising: by referring to the communication control rule DB at regular time interval, transmitting an ARP request packet for communication cut-offcanceling communication cut-off according to a communication control rule registered in the DB.
16. The communication control method of claim 7, further comprising: if a reception side data link layer address is a cut-off address and there is a packet forwarding rule for the address, forwarding the received protocol layer packet with having the destination address of the received protocol layer packet as a normal data link layer address.
17. The communication control method of claim 7, further comprising: if there is collision between the Internet protocol (IP) address of a device newly connected to the predetermined network and the IP addresses of existing devices, transferring a correct IP address to the existing devices in a unicast method such that the collision of the IP address is prevented.
18. A communication control apparatus which is located on the same level as that of devices on a predetermined network; provides an environment where an administrator of the network can set a communication control rule capable of cutting off communication between the devices when necessary; while administering the set communication control rules in a database, provides an ARP packet in which the data link layer address is manipulated, to the devices that are set as the objects of communication cut-off, such that data packets transmitted by the communication cut-off object devices are made to be transmitted to an manipulated abnormal address; and by doing so, cuts off communication between the communication cut-off object devices.