1. An electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell, comprising an electrolyte resin and a nanofiber unwoven cloth buried in the electrolyte resin, wherein
the nanofiber unwoven cloth is exposed only from a first face on which an anode electrode of the electrolyte membrane is disposed.
2. The electrolyte membrane according to claim 1, wherein the nanofiber unwoven cloth has a proton conduction property.
3. The electrolyte membrane according to claim 2, wherein
the nanofiber unwoven cloth is disposed in the overall electrolyte membrane in a thickness direction of the electrolyte membrane, and
a cathode electrode of the electrolyte membrane is disposed on a second face, and the second face of the electrolyte membrane is covered with the electrolyte resin so as to avoid any exposure of the nanofiber unwoven cloth from the second face.
4. The electrolyte membrane according to claim 3, wherein the nanofiber unwoven cloth is positioned at an inner position of the electrolyte resin at a length equal to or greater than 1 \u03bcm from the second face of the electrolyte membrane.
5. The electrolyte membrane according to claim 1, wherein a void rate of the nanofiber unwoven cloth is equal to or higher than 75%.
6. The electrolyte membrane according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the nanofiber unwoven cloth is equal to or higher than 30% of a thickness of the electrolyte membrane.
7. The electrolyte membrane according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the nanofiber unwoven cloth is equal to or higher than 60% of a thickness of the electrolyte membrane.
8. The electrolyte membrane according to claim 1, wherein a fiber diameter of nanofiber constituting the nanofiber unwoven cloth is equal to or smaller than 500 nm.
9. A membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell, wherein the anode electrode is disposed on the first face and the cathode electrode is disposed on the second face of the electrolyte membrane according to claim 1.
10. A fuel cell comprising:
a membrane electrode assembly having the anode electrode disposed on the first face of and having the cathode electrode disposed on the second face of the electrolyte membrane according to claim 1.
11. A manufacturing method of an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell, comprising:
impregnating nanofiber unwoven cloth with an electrolyte solution by applying the electrolyte solution to the nanofiber unwoven cloth formed on a sheet-like base material such that the nanofiber unwoven cloth is buried in the electrolyte solution;
drying the electrolyte solution to form an electrolyte resin to form an electrolyte membrane having the nanofiber unwoven cloth buried in the electrolyte resin; and
thereafter, peeling off the base material from the electrolyte membrane thereby exposing the nanofiber unwoven cloth only from a first face of the electrolyte membrane, the first face being a face from which the base material is peeled off, and an anode electrode being disposed on the first face.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Solid composition comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium:
a) at least one pulverulent phase
b) at least one lipophilic organic UV screening agent
wherein the pulverulent phase comprises at least aerogel particles of hydrophobic silica exhibiting a specific surface per unit of weight (SW) ranging from 200 to 1500 m2g, and a size, expressed as volume-average diameter (D0.5), of less than 1500 \u03bcm.
2. Composition according to claim 1, in the form of a loose or compact powder.
3. Composition according to claim 1, wherein the aerogel particles of hydrophobic silica exhibit a size, expressed as volume-average diameter, ranging from 5 to 25 \u03bcm.
4. Composition according to claim 1, wherein the aerogel particles of hydrophobic silica are silica particles modified at the surface with trimethylsilyl groups.
5. Composition according to claim 1, wherein the aerogel particles of hydrophobic silica exhibit a packed density \u03c1 ranging from 0.04 gcm3 to 0.10 gcm3.
6. Composition according to claim 1, wherein the aerogel particles of hydrophobic silica exhibit a specific surface per unit of volume SV ranging from 5 to 60 m2cm3.
7. Composition according to claim 1, wherein the aerogel particles of hydrophobic silica have an oil absorption capacity, measured at the wet point, ranging from 5 to 18 mlg.
8. Composition according to claim 1, wherein the lipophilic organic UV screening agent or agents are chosen from cinnamic derivatives; anthranilates; salicylic derivatives; dibenzoylmethane derivatives; camphor derivatives; benzophenone derivatives; \u03b2,\u03b2-diphenylacrylate derivatives; triazine derivatives; benzotriazole derivatives; benzalmalonate derivatives; imidazolines; p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) derivatives; benzoxazole derivatives; screening polymers and screening silicones; dimers derived from \u03b1-alkylstyrene; 4,4-diarylbutadienes; merocyanine derivatives; and their mixtures.
9. Composition according to claim 8, where the lipophilic organic UV screening agent or agents are chosen from:
Butyl Methoxy Dibenzoylmethane,
Octocrylene,
Ethylhexyl Salicylate,
n-Hexyl 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoate,
Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine,
Ethylhexyl Triazone,
Diethylhexyl Butamido Triazone,
Drometrizole Trisiloxane, and their mixtures.
10. Composition according to claim 1, additionally comprising at least one insoluble UV screening agent chosen from insoluble organic UV screening agents, inorganic UV screening agents and composite materials comprising an organic or inorganic matrix and at least one inorganic UV screening agent.
11. Composition according to claim 1, wherein the pulverulent phase comprises at least one additional filler.
12. Composition according to claim 11, wherein
the spherical particles are chosen from polyamide powders, polymethyl methacrylate microspheres, polytetrafluoroethylene powders and their mixtures, and
the lamellar particles are chosen from an expanded perlite, a talc, a mica and their mixtures.
13. Composition according to claim 1, comprising at least one liquid fatty phase.
14. Composition according to claim 1, comprising at least one polyol.
15. Cosmetic method for caring for andor making up human keratinous substances, in particular the skin of the body or of the face or the hair, comprising at least the application, to the surface of the keratinous substance, of at least one composition as defined according to claim 1.
16. Composition according to claim 2, wherein the aerogel particles of hydrophobic silica exhibit a size, expressed as volume-average diameter, ranging from 5 to 25 \u03bcm.
17. Composition according to claim 2, wherein the aerogel particles of hydrophobic silica are silica particles modified at the surface with trimethylsilyl groups.
18. Composition according to claim 3, wherein the aerogel particles of hydrophobic silica are silica particles modified at the surface with trimethylsilyl groups.
19. Composition according to claim 2, wherein the aerogel particles of hydrophobic silica exhibit a packed density \u03c1 ranging from 0.04 gcm3 to 0.10 gcm3.
20. Composition according to claim 3, wherein the aerogel particles of hydrophobic silica exhibit a packed density \u03c1 ranging from 0.04 gcm3 to 0.10 gcm3.