1. A cement composition comprising:
a cement; and
a gelling additive capable of passing into a subterranean zone when the cement composition is displaced into a well bore, the gelling additive being further capable of forming a crosslinked gel in the subterranean zone to inhibit gas migration from the subterranean zone into the cement.
2. The cement composition of claim 1 wherein the concentration of the gelling additive in the cement composition ranges from about 0.3 to about 10% by weight of the total cement composition.
3. The cement composition of claim 1 further comprising an organic gelling agent capable of crosslinking the gelling additive wherein the gelling agent is selected from the group consisting of a polyalkyleneimine, a polyfunctional aliphatic amine, an aralkylamine, a heteroaralkylamine, and combinations thereof, and wherein the gelling additive is a copolymer of at least one non-acidic ethylenically unsaturated polar monomer and at least one ethylenically unsaturated ester.
4. The cement composition of claim 3 wherein the polyfunctional aliphatic amine is a polyalkylenepolyamine.
5. The cement composition of claim 4 wherein the polyalkylenepolyamine is a polyethylene- or polypropylene-polyamine.
6. The cement composition of claim 3 wherein the polyalkyleneimine is a polymerized ethyleneimine or propyleneimine.
7. The cement composition of claim 3 wherein the copolymer comprises from one to three polar monomers and from one to three unsaturated esters.
8. The cement composition of claim 3 wherein the ethylenically unsaturated ester is formed from a hydroxyl compound and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, and cinnamic acids.
9. The cement composition of claim 8 wherein the hydroxyl compound is an alcohol generally represented by the formula ROH, wherein R is an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or an aromatic or heterocyclic group substituted with one or more of a hydroxyl, ether, and thioether group.
10. The cement composition of claim 3 wherein the ethylenically unsaturated ester is t-butyl acrylate.
11. The cement composition of claim 3 wherein the ethylenically unsaturated polar monomer is an amide of an unsaturated carboxylic acid.
12. The cement composition of claim 3 wherein the ethylenically unsaturated polar monomer is acrylamide.
13. The cement composition of claim 10 wherein the ethylenically unsaturated polar monomer is acrylamide.
14. The cement composition of claim 1 wherein the gelling additive is a polymerizable monomer comprising at least one water soluble hydroxy unsaturated carbonyl.
15. The cement composition of claim 14 wherein the hydroxy unsaturated carbonyl is a self-crosslinking monomer generally represented by the formula:
wherein R1 is
R2 is hydrogen or \u2014CH3, and n is 1 or 2.
16. The cement composition of claim 14 wherein the hydroxyl unsaturated carbonyl is a compound selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethylacrylate, N-hydroxymethylacrylamide, N-hydroxymethyl methacrylamide, hydroxyethylmethacrylate, hydroxymethylacrylate, hydroxymethylmethacrylate, N-hydroxyethylacrylamide, and N-hydroxyethylmethacrylamide.
17. The cement composition of claim 14 further comprising an azo initiator capable of initiating polymerization of the monomer.
18. The cement composition of claim 17 wherein the azo initiator is generally represented by the formula:
Z-N\u2550N\u2014B
wherein Z is
B is Z or R2;
R1 is \u2014CH3 or \u2014C\u2261N;
A is
\u2003\u2014(CH2)2COOH, or \u2014CH3;
R2 is
R3 is \u2550N\u2014, \u2550NH, or \u2550O; and
R4 is
\u2003\u2014NH(CH2)2OH, \u2014NHC(CH2OH)2CH3, or \u2014NHC(CH2OH)3,
wherein R4 is
\u2003when R3 is \u2550N\u2014, and
wherein R1 is \u2014C\u2261N and A is \u2014CH3 when B is R2.
19. The cement composition of claim 17 wherein the azo initiator is a compound selected from the group consisting of 2,2\u2032-Azobis(N,N\u2032-dimethylene isobutyramidine)dihydrochloride, 2,2\u2032-Azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride, and 2,2\u2032-Azobis2-methyl-N-(2-hydroxethyl) propionamide.
20. The cement composition of claim 16 further comprising an azo initiator selected from the group consisting of 2,2\u2032-Azobis(N,N\u2032-dimethylene isobutyramidine)dihydrochloride, 2,2\u2032-Azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride, and 2,2\u2032-Azobis2-methyl-N-(2-hydroxethyl) propionamide.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A container for the pressurized discharge of a fluid contained therein, the container comprising:
(a) a container body;
(b) a pump lid deployed on said container body for pressurizing an interior volume of the container, said pump lid having:
(i) a rotatable pump cylinder configuration; and
(ii) a pump piston mechanically associated with said rotatable pump cylinder configuration such that at least a portion of said piston is deployed within said pump cylinder, thereby defining between them a variable pump volume, said pump piston configured with a substantially cylindrical piston wall having an interior surface and an exterior surface such that at least a portion of said interior surface is configured for releasable attachment to the container and at least a portion of said exterior surface interacts with said rotatable pump cylinder configuration;
wherein said association is such that rotation of said rotatable pump cylinder configuration generates linear motion of said rotatable pump cylinder configuration;
(c) a release control arrangement; and
(d) an outlet nozzle.
2. The container of claim 1, further including a barrier deployed within the interior volume of the container so as to separate pressurized air from the fluid contained in the container.
3. A method for discharging pressurized fluid from a container, the method comprising:
(a) providing a container body;
(b) providing a pump lid deployed on said container body for pressurizing an interior volume of the container, said pump lid having:
(i) a rotatable pump cylinder configuration; and
(ii) a pump piston mechanically associated with said rotatable pump cylinder configuration such that at least a portion of said piston is deployed within said pump cylinder, thereby defining between them a variable pump volume, said pump piston configured with a substantially cylindrical piston wall having an interior surface and an exterior surface such that at least a portion of said interior surface is configured for releasable attachment to the container and at least a portion of said exterior surface interacts with said rotatable pump cylinder configuration;
wherein said association is such that rotation of said rotatable pump cylinder configuration generates linear motion of said rotatable pump cylinder configuration;
(c) actuating said pump lid so as to pressurize an interior volume of the container; and
(d) activating a release control arrangement so as to discharge the fluid through an outlet nozzle.
4. A pump lid assembly for use with a container, the lid assembly comprising:
(a) a rotatable pump cylinder configuration;
(b) a pump piston mechanically associated with said rotatable pump cylinder configuration such that at least a portion of said piston is deployed within said pump cylinder, thereby defining between them a variable pump volume, said pump piston configured with a substantially cylindrical piston wall having an interior surface and an exterior surface such that at least a portion of said interior surface is configured for releasable attachment to the container and at least a portion of said exterior surface interacts with said rotatable pump cylinder configuration;
wherein said association is such that rotation of said rotatable pump cylinder configuration generates linear motion of said rotatable pump cylinder configuration; and
(c) a one-way valve arrangement comprising at least one valve component having a through slit through which air is forced by said linear motion.
5. The pump lid of claim 4, wherein said exterior surface of said cylindrical piston wall includes at least one pin element extending laterally therefrom.
6. The pump lid of claim 5, wherein said rotatable pump cylinder configuration includes a substantially cylindrical cylinder wall that defines a pump cylinder region in which said pump piston is deployed, said substantially cylindrical cylinder wall configured with a wave shaped groove into which said pin element extends.
7. The pump lid of claim 6, wherein said rotatable pump cylinder configuration includes at least two components that when assembled define between them said wave shaped groove.
8. The pump lid of claim 7, wherein said two components, when assembled, define between them said wave shaped groove and are configured such that a first component includes a top wall and a side wall of said wave shaped groove and a second component includes a bottom wall of said wave shaped groove.
9. The pump lid of claim 4, wherein said exterior surface of said cylindrical piston wall includes a resilient lip that extends around a periphery of said cylindrical wall and provides an air-tight seal between said rotatable pump cylinder configuration and said pump piston element during an expansion stroke, and when under pressure of a compression stroke, allows air to pass between said rotatable pump cylinder configuration and said pump piston element.
10. The pump lid of claim 4, wherein said rotation of said rotatable pump cylinder configuration generates linear motion of said rotatable pump cylinder configuration so as to create a state of at least partial vacuum within the container.
11. The pump lid of claim 4, wherein said rotation of said rotatable pump cylinder configuration generates linear motion of said rotatable pump cylinder configuration so as to create a pressurized state within the container.
12. The pump lid of claim 4, wherein said at least one valve component is configured as at least two valve components, each of said at least two valve components having a slit wherein upon deployment, said slits are aligned so as to intersect one another at an angle.
13. The one-way valve of claim 12, wherein said slits are aligned so as to intersect one another at right angles.