1. A hydrogen gas injector plug for diesel engines, comprising:
an injector plug body defining at least one chamber;
an inlet extending through the injector plug body for injecting a pulsed flow of water into the injector plug body; and
a metallic catalyst disposed in the at least one chamber for disassociating the water injected through the inlet into hydrogen gas and oxygen, wherein said metallic catalyst comprises a metal plug having an array of passages defined therethrough.
2. The hydrogen gas injector plug according to claim 1, wherein said injector plug body is adapted for removably mounting on a combustion chamber of a diesel engine.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one chamber opens into a combustion chamber of a diesel engine.
4. A hydrogen gas injector plug for generating and injecting hydrogen gas into a combustion chamber of a diesel engine, comprising:
an upper casing defining an upper chamber and a lower chamber;
an inlet connected to the upper chamber, the inlet supplying a pulsed flow of water to the upper chamber;
at least one passageway extending from the upper chamber to the lower chamber for passage of water from the upper chamber to the lower chamber;
a lower casing detachably mounted to the upper casing, the lower casing defining a catalytic chamber therein;
a passage connecting the lower chamber to the catalytic chamber; and
a catalyst disposed in the catalytic chamber.
5. The hydrogen gas injector plug according to claim 4, further comprising a valve disposed in the upper casing for controlling the passage of water from the upper chamber to the lower chamber.
6. The hydrogen gas injector plug according to claim 4, further including a valve positioned adjacent the passage connecting the lower chamber with the catalytic chamber for controlling the flow of water from the lower chamber to the catalytic chamber.
7. The hydrogen gas injector plug according to claim 4, wherein said catalyst is a metallic plug.
8. The hydrogen gas injector plug according to claim 4, wherein said lower casing has an exit end having an array of openings formed in the exit end.
9. A hydrogen gas injector plug for generating and injecting hydrogen gas into a combustion chamber of a diesel engine, comprising:
an upper casing having an upper chamber and a lower chamber defined therein;
an inlet connected to the upper chamber for supplying a pulsed flow of water to the upper chamber;
at least one passageway extending from the upper chamber to the lower chamber for passage of water from the upper chamber to the lower chamber;
a spring-biased valve disposed in the upper casing for controlling the passage of water from the upper chamber to the lower chamber;
a lower casing detachably mounted to the upper casing, the lower casing defining a catalytic chamber therein;
a passage connecting the lower chamber with the catalytic chamber;
a one-way valve positioned adjacent the passage connecting the lower chamber with the catalytic chamber for controlling the passage of water from the lower chamber to the catalytic chamber; and
a catalyst disposed in the catalytic chamber.
10. The hydrogen gas injector plug according to claim 9, wherein said catalyst comprises a metallic plug.
11. The hydrogen gas injector plug according to claim 9, wherein said catalyst comprises a metallic plug having a plurality of passages therethrough.
12. The hydrogen gas injector plug according to claim 9, wherein said spring-biased valve and said one-way valve are fabricated from stainless steel.
13. The hydrogen gas injector plug according to claim 9, wherein said lower casing has an exit end and an array of openings formed in the exit end.
14. The hydrogen gas injector plug according to claim 9, further comprising a diesel engine having a combustion chamber, the hydrogen gas injector plug being removably mounted on the combustion chamber of the diesel engine.
15. The hydrogen gas injector plug according to claim 9, wherein said upper casing has a plurality of vent openings disposed therein.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for real-time enhancement of a signal of interest in a video, the method comprising:
receiving a source video acquired using a multi-channel video acquisition system with C channels where channel k=1 . . . C, said source video comprising a plurality of image frames, each frame comprising an array of pixels, each pixel having an intensity value corresponding to detected reflected energy projected by an illumination source over a wavelength range of interest;
for each pixel location (i, j) of each image frame of each channel k of said source video:
determining a measure of closeness with respect to a reference signal R(t) in both a spatial and time direction;
identifying, using said measure of closeness, a time-series signal I(t) of interest in said source video, where signal Iijk(t) appears at pixel location (i, j, k);
in response to having identified said time-series signal of interest at pixel location (i, j, k):
modifying an intensity of said pixel at said location to generate modified video data Jijk (t); and
retrofitting said modified video data into said source video to generate a reconstructed source video; and
communicating said reconstructed source video to a display device.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said multi-channel video acquisition system comprises any combination of: a monochrome video camera, a color video camera, a multi-spectral camera, a hyper-spectral camera, and a hybrid device.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said measure of closeness at pixel location (i, j, k) comprises:
Cijk(t+1)=\u03b2Cijk(t)+(Iijk(t)\u2212\u012aijk(t))(R(t)\u2212 R(t)),
\u012aijk(t+1)=\u03b1\u012aijk(t)+(1\u2212\u03b1)Iijk(t),
R(t+1)=\u03b1 R(t)+(1\u2212\u03b1)R(t),
where 0<\u03b2<1, and 0<\u03b1<1.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said modification at pixel location (i, j, k) comprises:
Jijk(t)=Iijk(t)+\u03b4Cijk(t)R(t).
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising shifting said reference signal by a pre-specified shift \u03c4l, where l=1, 2, . . . , m, and m is a user-specified number of shifts.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein said measure of closeness at pixel location (i, j, k) comprises:
Cijk\u03c4l(t+1)=\u03b2Cijk\u03c4l(t)+(Iijk(t)\u2212\u012aijk(t))(R(t\u2212\u03c4l)\u2212 R(t\u2212\u03c4l)),
\u012aijk(t+1)=\u03b1\u012aijk(t)+(1\u2212\u03b1)Iijk(t),
R(t+1)=\u03b1 R(t)+(1\u2212\u03b1)R(t),
where 0<\u03b2<1, and 0<\u03b1<1.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said modification at pixel location (i, j, k) comprises:
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8. The method of claim 1, wherein said reference signal is extracted from said source video.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said time-series signal is a signal of a subject’s cardiac pulse, and wherein said reference signal is a signal which has a frequency range that approximates a frequency range of said subject’s cardiac pulse.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising using said reconstructed source video to facilitate a determination of any of: a cardiac signal, respiratory rate and function, CO2 concentration in exhaled breath, perspiration, brainwave pattern and signals, degree of infection, blood flow and circulation, and a bodily motion.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein said pixel location (i, j) of each image frame of each channel k of said source video is along a vascular pattern.
12. A system for real-time enhancement of a signal of interest in a video, the system comprising:
a multi-channel video acquisition system for acquiring source video with C channels, where channel k=1 . . . C; and
a processor in communication with a memory and said multi-channel video acquisition system, said processor executing machine readable instructions for performing:
receiving a source video acquired using said multi-channel video acquisition system, said source video comprising a plurality of image frames, each frame comprising an array of pixels, each pixel having an intensity value corresponding to detected reflected energy projected by an illumination source over a wavelength range of interest;
for each pixel location (i, j) of each image frame of each channel k of said source video:
determining a measure of closeness with respect to a reference signal R(t) in both a spatial and time direction;
identifying, using said measure of closeness, a time-series signal I(t) of interest in said source video, where signal Iijk(t) appears at pixel location (i, j, k); and
in response to having identified said time-series signal of interest at pixel location (i, j, k):
modifying an intensity of said pixel at said location to generate modified video data Jijk(t); and
retrofitting said modified video data into said source video to generate a reconstructed source video; and
communicating said reconstructed source video to a display device.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein said multi-channel video acquisition system comprises any combination of: a monochrome video camera, a color video camera, a multi-spectral camera, a hyper-spectral camera, and a hybrid device.
14. The system of claim 12, wherein said measure of closeness at pixel location (i, j, k) comprises:
Cijk(t+1)=\u03b2Cijk(t)+(Iijk(t)\u2212\u012aijk(t))(R(t)\u2212 R(t)),
\u012aijk(t+1)=\u03b1\u012aijk(t)+(1\u2212\u03b1)Iijk(t),
R(t+1)=\u03b1 R(t)+(1\u2212\u03b1)R(t),
where 0<\u03b2<1, and 0<\u03b1<1.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein said modification at pixel location (i, j, k) comprises:
Jijk(t)=Iijk(t)+\u03b4Cijk(t)R(t).
16. The system of claim 12, further comprising shifting said reference signal by a pre-specified shift \u03c4l, where l=1, 2, . . . , m, and m is a user-specified number of shifts.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein said measure of closeness at pixel location (i, j, k) comprises:
Cijk\u03c4l(t+1)=\u03b2Cijk\u03c4l(t)+(Iijk(t)\u2212\u012aijk(t))(R(t\u2212\u03c4l)\u2212 R(t\u2212\u03c4l)),
\u012aijk(t+1)=\u03b1\u012aijk(t)+(1\u2212\u03b1)Iijk(t),
R(t+1)=\u03b1 R(t)+(1\u2212\u03b1)R(t),
where 0<\u03b2<1, and 0<\u03b1<1.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein said modification at pixel location (i, j, k) comprises:
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19. The system of claim 12, wherein said reference signal is extracted from said source video.
20. The system of claim 12, wherein said time-series signal is a signal of a subject’s cardiac pulse, and wherein said reference signal is a signal which has a frequency range that approximates a frequency range of said subject’s cardiac pulse.
21. The system of claim 12, further comprising using said reconstructed source video to facilitate a determination of any of: a cardiac signal, respiratory rate and function, CO2 concentration in exhaled breath, perspiration, brainwave pattern and signals, degree of infection, blood flow and circulation, and a bodily motion.
22. The system of claim 12, wherein said pixel location (i, j) of each image frame of each channel k of said source video is along a vascular pattern.