1. A compound of formula I:
wherein:
A and B are independently N or CH;
W is N or CH;
R3 and R4 are each independently H, (C1-C6)alkyl, or substituted (C1-C6)alkyl, or R3 and R4 together are \u2550O, \u2550NH or \u2550N\u2014R2;
Y and Z are independently hydroxy, (C1-C6)alkoxy, substituted (C1-C6)alkoxy, (C1-C6)alkanoyloxy, substituted (C1-C6) alkanoyloxy, \u2014O\u2014P(\u2550O)(OH)2, or \u2014O\u2014C(\u2550O)NRcRd; or Y and Z together with the ring carbon atoms to which they are attached form an alkylenedioxy ring with from 5 to 7 ring atoms;
R1 is a \u2014(C1-C6)alkyl substituted with one or more solubilizing groups Rz;
R2 is (C1-C6)alkyl or substituted (C1-C6)alkyl; and
Rc, and Rd are each independently (C1-C6) alkyl or substituted (C1-C6) alkyl; or Rc and Rd together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a N\u2032-{(C1-C6)alkyl}piperazino, pyrrolidino, or piperidino ring, which ring can optionally be substituted with one or more aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocycle;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein W is NH.
3. The compound of claim 1 wherein W is CH.
4. The compound of any one of claims 1-3 wherein A is N.
5. The compound of any one of claims 1-3 wherein A is CH.
6. The compound of any one of claims 1-5 wherein B is N.
7. The compound of any one of claims 1-5 wherein B is CH.
8. The compound of any of claims 1-7 wherein Y is OH.
9. The compound of any of claims 1-7 wherein Y is (C1-C6)alkoxy.
10. The compound of any of claims 1-7 wherein Y is \u2014OCH3.
11. The compound of any of claims 1-7 wherein Y is substituted (C1-C6)alkoxy.
12. The compound of any of claims 1-7 wherein Y is \u2014OCH2CH2OH.
13. The compound of any of claims 1-7 wherein Y is \u2014OCH2CH2OCH2CH3.
14. The compound of any of claims 1-7 wherein Y is \u2014O\u2014CH2\u2014CHOH\u2014CH2\u2014OH.
15. The compound of any of claims 1-7 wherein Y is \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2\u2014NRaRb wherein Ra and Rb are hydrogen or (C1-C6)alkyl.
16. The compound of any of claims 1-7 wherein Y is \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2\u2014NRaRb wherein Ra and Rb together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a piperazino, pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholine, or thiomorpholino ring.
17. The compound of any of claims 1-7 wherein Y is \u2014O\u2014C(\u2550O)CH2\u2014NRaRb.
18. The compound of any of claims 1-7 wherein Y is \u2014O\u2014C(\u2550O)\u2014CHOH\u2014CH2\u2014OH.
19. The compound of any of claims 1-7 wherein Y is (C1-C6)alkyl substituted with one or more tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or 1,4-dioxanyl rings.
20. The compound of any of claims 1-7 wherein Y is \u2014O\u2014C(\u2550O)CH2\u2014NRaRb.
21. The compound of any of claims 1-20 wherein Z is OH.
22. The compound of any of claims 1-20 wherein Z is (C1-C6)alkoxy.
23. The compound of any of claims 1-20 wherein Z is OCH3.
24. The compound of any of claims 1-20 wherein Z is substituted (C1-C6)alkoxy.
25. The compound of any of claims 1-20 wherein Z is \u2014OCH2CH2OH.
26. The compound of any of claims 1-20 wherein Z is \u2014OCH2CH2OCH2CH3.
27. The compound of any of claims 1-20 wherein Z is \u2014O\u2014CH2\u2014CHOH\u2014CH2\u2014OH.
28. The compound of any of claims 1-20 wherein Z is \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2\u2014NRaRb wherein Ra and Rb are hydrogen or (C1-C6)alkyl.
29. The compound of any of claims 1-20 wherein Z is \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2\u2014NRaRb wherein Ra and Rb together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a piperazino, pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino, or thiomorpholino ring.
30. The compound of any of claims 1-20 wherein Z is \u2014O\u2014C(\u2550O)\u2014CHOH\u2014CH2\u2014OH.
31. The compound of any of claims 1-20 wherein Z is (C1-C6)alkyl substituted with one or more tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or 1,4-dioxanyl rings.
32. The compound of any of claims 1-20 wherein Z is \u2014O\u2014C(\u2550O)CH2\u2014NRaRb.
33. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is a (C1-C6)alkyl-substituted with one or more hydroxy groups.
34. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is a (C1-C6)alkyl-substituted with one to two hydroxy groups.
35. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is substituted with one hydroxy group.
36. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is a (C1-C6)alkyl-substituted with one or more mercapto groups.
37. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is a (C1-C6)alkyl-substituted with one to two mercapto groups.
38. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is substituted with one mercapto group.
39. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is a (C1-C6)alkyl-substituted with one or more carboxy groups.
40. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is a (C1-C6)alkyl-substituted with one to two carboxy groups.
41. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is substituted with one carboxy group.
42. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is a (C1-C6)alkyl-substituted with one or more NRaRb groups.
43. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is substituted with one NRaRb group.
44. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is a (C1-C6)alkyl-substituted with one or more NH2 groups.
45. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is a (C1-C6)alkyl-substituted with one to two NH2 groups.
46. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is a substituted with one NH2 group.
47. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is a (C1-C6)alkyl-substituted with one or more hydroxy, mercapto, carboxy, amino, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or 1,4-dioxanyl groups.
48. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 has from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and is substituted with one to two Rz groups selected from hydroxy, mercapto, carboxy, amino, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or 1,4-dioxanyl.
49. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is hydroxymethyl, or a phosphoric acid ester or alkyl ester of hydroxymethyl.
50. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is 2-hydroxyethyl.
51. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is 3-hydroxypropyl.
52. The compound of any of claims 1-32 wherein R1 is 2-hydroxypropyl.
53. The compound of any of claims 1-52 wherein R3 and R4 are each H.
54. The compound of any of claims 1-52 wherein R3 is H and R4 is (C1-C6)alkyl.
55. The compound of any of claims 1-52 wherein R3 is H and R4 is substituted (C1-C6)alkyl.
56. The compound of any of claims 1-52 wherein R3 is (C1-C6)alkyl and R4 is substituted (C1-C6)alkyl.
57. The compound of any of claims 1-52 wherein R3 and R4 are each substituted (C1-C6)alkyl.
58. The compound of any of claims 1-57 wherein R3 and R4 together is \u2550O.
59. The compound of any of claims 1-57 wherein R3 and R4 together is \u2550S.
60. The compound of any of claims 1-57 wherein R3 and R4 together is \u2550NH.
61. The compound of any of claims 1-57 wherein R3 and R4 together is \u2550N\u2014R2 where R2 is (C1-C6)alkyl.
62. The compound of any of claims 1-57 wherein R3 and R4 together is \u2550N\u2014R2 where R2 is substituted (C1-C6)alkyl.
63. The compound 13-{2-(dimethylamino)-ethyl}-2,3-dimethoxy-13H-8,10-dioxa-5,6,13-triaza-cyclopentabchrysen-12-one, and 13-{2-(dimethylamino)-ethyl}-2,3-dimethoxy-13H-8,10-dioxa-6,13-diaza-cyclopentabchrysen-12-one or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
64. The compound of claim 1 of the formula II:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
65. The compound of claim 1 of the formula III:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
66. The compound of claim 1 of the formula IV:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
67. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as described in any one of claims 1-66 in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.
68. A method of inhibiting cancer cell growth, comprising administering to a mammal afflicted with cancer, an amount of a compound as described in any one of claims 1-66, effective to inhibit the growth of said cancer cells.
69. A method comprising inhibiting cancer cell growth by contacting said cancer cell in vitro or in vivo with an amount of a compound as described in any one of claims 1-66, effective to inhibit the growth of said cancer cell.
70. A compound as described in any one of claims 1-66 for use in medical therapy.
71. The compound of claim 70 wherein the therapy is treating cancer.
72. The use of a compound as described in any one of claims 1-66 for the manufacture of a medicament useful for the treatment of cancer.
73. A method of producing an antibacterial effect in a mammal in need of such treatment comprising administering to the mammal, an amount of a compound as described in any one of claims 1-66, effective to provide an antibacterial effect.
74. A method of producing an antifungal effect in a mammal in need of such treatment comprising administering to the mammal, an amount of a compound as described in any one of claims 1-66, effective to provide an antifungal effect.
75. The use of a compound as described in any one of claims 1-66 for the manufacture of a medicament useful for producing an antibacterial, antifungal, antipsoritic (psoriasis), antiprotozoal, antihelmetic, or antiviral effect in a mammal.
76. The use of a compound as described in any one of claims 1-66 for the manufacture of a medicament useful for producing an antifungal effect in a mammal.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for processing content protected according to a first digital rights management format for access by at least one end user communication device configured to support a second digital rights management format, comprising the steps of:
providing a Domain Authority configured for defining and managing a domain of end user communication devices allowed to share at least a portion of the protected content;
providing a Limited Rights Issuer configured for receiving content and digital rights management information in the first digital rights management format and for issuing content and digital rights management information in the second digital rights management format to at least one end user communication device within the domain of end user communication devices defined by the Domain Authority;
registering the Limited Rights Issuer with the Domain Authority in such a way that the Limited Rights Issuer is associated with the defined domain and issued a domain key, wherein the domain key allows the Limited Rights Issuer to generate at least a portion of the digital rights management information that allows end user communication devices within the domain to access protected content;
translating content and digital rights management information in the first digital rights management format received by the Limited Rights Issuer to content and digital rights management information in the second digital rights management format;
installing translated content and digital rights management information in the second digital rights management format from the Limited Rights Issuer to at least one end user communication device within the defined domain; and
accessing the translated content in the second digital rights management format using the digital rights management information in the second digital rights management format by at least one end user communication device on which the translated content and associated digital rights management information was installed.
2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the translating step includes the Limited Rights Issuer generating translated digital rights management information in the second digital rights management format that is equivalent to the received digital rights management information in the first digital rights management format, and the Limited Rights Issuer transferring the translated content and the translated digital rights management information in the second digital rights management format to the end user communication device.
3. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of, prior to installing the translated content, validating the authenticity of the digital rights management information in the second digital rights management format received from the Limited Rights Issuer using an authenticity certificate generated by the Limited Rights Issuer.
4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the Limited Rights Issuer generates an authenticity certificate identifying the defined domain associated with the Limited Rights Issuer, and wherein the method further comprises the step of, prior to installing the translated content, verifying against the authenticity certificate generated by the Limited Rights Issuer that the digital rights management information in the second digital rights management format received from the Limited Rights Issuer has been issued for the defined domain associated with the Limited Rights Issuer.
5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the registering step includes the Limited Rights Issuer initiating a registration protocol with the Domain Authority, the Limited Rights Issuer initiating a request to join the domain defined by the Domain Authority if the Limited Rights Issuer is allowed to register with the Domain Authority, and the Domain Authority issuing a domain key to the Limited Rights Issuer if the Limited Rights Issuer is allowed to join the domain.
6. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of at least one end user communication device requesting the Domain Authority that the end user communication device be allowed to join the domain of end user communication devices allowed to share at least a portion of the protected content.
7. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of provisioning the Limited Rights Issuer with provisioning information, wherein the provisioning information includes digital rights management information that allows an end user communication device to access content protected by the digital rights management information.
8. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the provisioning step is performed by a Remote Authority coupled to the Limited Rights Issuer.
9. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of provisioning the Domain Authority with domain membership information, wherein the domain membership information includes which end user communication devices are allowed to share at least a portion of the protected content.
10. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein the provisioning step is performed by a Remote Authority coupled to the Domain Authority.
11. A method for accessing protected content issued from an upstream digital rights management system in a first digital rights management format by at least one end user communication device in a downstream digital rights management system and configured to support a second digital rights management format, comprising the steps of:
receiving, by the end user communication device, content and digital rights management information that has been translated by a Limited Rights Issuer from the first digital rights management format to the second digital rights management format;
receiving, by the end user communication device, an authenticity certificate from the Limited Rights Issuer, wherein the authenticity certificate is signed by the Limited Rights Issuer;
validating the authenticity of the received translated digital rights management information in the second digital rights format using the received authenticity certificate;
if the authenticity of the received translated digital rights management information in the second digital rights format is validated, installing the received translated digital rights management information in the second digital rights format; and
accessing the received content in the second digital rights format using the installed translated digital rights management information in the second digital rights format.
12. The method as recited in claim 11, further comprising the step of the end user communication device requesting a Domain Authority to allow the end user communication device to join a domain defined by the Domain Authority, wherein the Limited Rights Issuer is registered with the domain in such a way that the Limited Rights Issuer is allowed to transfer content and associated digital rights management information to end user communication devices within the domain.
13. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the digital rights management information received by the end user communication device includes a domain license, and wherein the validating step includes validating the domain license using the authenticity certificate received from the Limited Rights Issuer.
14. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the authenticity certificate identifying a defined domain of end user communication devices associated with the Limited Rights Issuer, and wherein the validating step includes verifying against the authenticity certificate that the received digital rights management information in the second digital rights management format has been issued for the defined domain associated with the Limited Rights Issuer.
15. The method as recited in claim 11, further comprising the step of the end user communication device sharing the translated content and digital rights management information with at least one other end user communication device in the domain defined by the Domain Authority.
16. A Limited Rights Issuance device for providing content protected according to a first digital rights management (DRM) format to at least one end user communication device configured to support a second digital rights management format, comprising:
a processor configured to register the device with a Domain Authority in such a way that the device is associated with a domain defined by the Domain Authority of at least one end user communication device in a downstream digital rights management system;
a DRM agent coupled to the processor for receiving content and digital rights management information in the first digital rights management format from an upstream digital rights management system and transferring such information to the controller; and
a translator coupled to the controller for translating, in response to the processor registering the device with the Domain Authority, at least a portion of the content and digital rights management information in the first digital rights management format to content and digital rights management information in the second digital rights management format to produce translated content and digital rights management information,
wherein the translated content and digital rights management information is formatted in such a way that it accessible by at least one end user communication device within the domain of end user communication devices defined by the Domain Authority,
wherein the device is configured to install the translated content and digital rights management information to at least one end user communication device within the domain defined by the Domain Authority in response to a request by the end user communication device for access to the translated content and digital rights management information.
17. The device as recited in claim 16, wherein the device is configured to provide validation information for at least a portion of the digital rights management information transferred from the device to a first end user communication device, in response to a validation request by the first end user communication device.
18. The device as recited in claim 16, wherein the device is configured to register the device with the Domain Authority by initiating a registration protocol with the Domain Authority, and wherein the device is configured to receive a domain key from the Domain Authority if the device is allowed to join the domain defined by the Domain Authority.
19. The device as recited in claim 16, wherein the device is configured to be provisioned with provisioning information by a Remote Authority coupled to the device, wherein the provisioning information includes digital rights management information that allows an end user communication device to access content protected by the digital rights management information.
20. The device as recited in claim 16, wherein the end user communication device is selected from the group consisting of a signal converter box, a signal decoder box, a digital video recorder, a digital video disk recorder, a personal video recorder device, a home media server, a digital video server, a residential gateway, a video receiver, a computer, a cellular telephone, a smart telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a digital music player, a portable video player, a wireless handheld device, a digital camera, a mobile communication device, a laptop personal computer (PC), a notebook PC and a mobile computing device.