1. A method for providing control information, comprising:
receiving, by a device, a quality of service requirement for a service, wherein the receiving the quality of service requirement for the service comprises receiving an attribute of packet loss;
receiving, by the device, a transport metric describing a characteristic of a network;
determining, by the device, the control information for use by a play-out adaptation routine, the control information being based on the quality of service requirement and on the transport metric; and
transmitting, by the device, the control information to the play-out adaptation routine to adapt audio data in accordance with the control information.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving the transport metric describing the characteristic of the network comprises receiving a packet delay attribute.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the control information comprises determining a play-out delay for use by the play-out adaptation routine.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving the transport metric describing the characteristic of the network comprises receiving a jitter attribute.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving the transport metric describing the characteristic of the network comprises receiving a packet loss attribute.
6. A terminal for use in communication over a network, comprising:
a packetizer for extracting audio data from packets received from the network;
a play-out adapter for modulating a flow of the audio data from the packetizer; and
a quality of service engine between the play-out adapter and the packetizer, the quality of service engine for controlling a modulation of the audio data by the play-out adapter based on transport metrics of both the packetizer and the network.
7. The terminal of claim 6, wherein the transport metrics comprise an average packet delay metric.
8. The terminal of claim 6, further comprising:
a quality of service analysis module for receiving the transport metrics from the quality of service engine, and to transmit play-out control information to the quality of service engine.
9. The terminal of claim 8, wherein the play-out control information comprises a play-out delay.
10. The terminal of claim 6, further comprising:
an audio controller for encoding and decoding the audio data exchanged with the play-out adapter; and
a discontinuous transmission engine for preparing the audio data exchanged with the audio controller for discontinuous transmission, where the discontinuous transmission engine is further for interfacing with the quality of service engine to coordinate the modulation of the audio data.
11. The terminal of claim 6, wherein the transport metrics comprise a packet delay variation metric.
12. The terminal of claim 6, wherein the transport metrics comprise a packet loss metric.
13. An apparatus for providing control information, comprising:
a device for receiving a quality of service requirement for a service, wherein the receiving the quality of service requirement for the service comprises receiving an attribute of packet loss, for receiving a transport metric describing characteristics of a network, for determining the control information for use by a play-out adaptation routine, the control information being based on the quality of service requirement and on the transport metric, and for transmitting the control information to the play-out adaptation routine to adapt audio data in accordance with the control information.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the device is further for receiving a packet delay attribute.
15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the determining the control information comprises determining a play-out delay for use by the play-out adaptation routine.
16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the receiving the transport metric comprises receives a jitter attribute.
17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the receiving the transport metric comprises receiving a packet loss attribute.
18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the receiving the transport metric comprises a packet delay variation metric.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An ionizer comprising:
a housing including one or more electrode-attaching portions;
a positive electrode needle and a negative electrode needle disposed in the electrode-attaching portions, respectively, in parallel with each other for generating an ion;
an air-blowing outlet being open in the electrode-attaching portion at a position between the positive electrode needle and negative electrode needle;
a protection cover for covering both the positive electrode needle and negative electrode needle, and the air-blowing outlet; and
a spatial portion spreading inside the protection cover-across both of the positive electrode needle and negative electrode needle, and the air-blowing outlet, wherein
the protection cover comprises an air-blowing hole, and two air-flowing-out holes, and wherein the air-blowing hole-is positioned in front of the air-blowing outlet for blowing air blown out from the air-blowing outlet toward a workpiece, and the air-flowing-out holes are respectively formed at positions corresponding to the positive electrode needle and negative electrode needle, and allow the air blown out from the air-flowing outlet and diffused in the spatial portion, to flow out to an outside of the protection cover along the positive electrode needle and negative electrode needle, respectively.
2. The ionizer according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode needle and negative electrode needle are attached to an electrode cartridge, and the positive electrode needle and negative electrode needle are attached to the electrode-attaching portion of the housing via the electrode cartridge, and wherein the electrode cartridge includes a concave portion encompassing the tip end portion of each of the positive electrode needle and negative electrode needle, and wherein the air-blowing outlet is opened in the concave portion and the protection cover is disposed in a manner so as to cover the air-blowing outlet and both the positive electrode needle and negative electrode needle.
3. The ionizer according to claim 2, wherein the air-blowing hole is concentrically positioned with the air-blowing outlet, and the air-flowing-out hole is concentrically positioned with the positive electrode needle and negative electrode needle.
4. The ionizer according to claim 3, wherein an acute tip end portion of each of the positive electrode needle and negative electrode needle projects out from the air-flowing-out hole in front of the protection cover.
5. The ionizer according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a hole diameter of the air-blowing hole is smaller than a hole diameter of the air-flowing-out hole.
6. The ionizer according to claim 2, wherein the electrode cartridge is constructed by detachably attaching a back plate provided with the positive electrode needle and the negative electrode needle to a sheath cartridge being detachable to the housing, and wherein the concave portion is formed in the sheath cartridge, and wherein a tip end portion of the electrode needle attached to the back plate is projected to the concave portion through a holding hole for use in the electrode needle in the sheath cartridge.
7. The ionizer according to claim 6, wherein the electrode needle is non-rotatably and detachably mounted on the back plate.
8. The ionizer according to claim 6, wherein the sheath cartridge is composed of a cartridge body having an approximately long circle in plane shape, and a protection cover having the same shape, and detachably coupled by sliding in a longitudinal direction thereof while engaging a flange portion and a latch groove thereof.
9. The ionizer according to claim 6, wherein the air-blowing outlet is formed in a nozzle member and the nozzle member is inserted into a center of the electrode cartridge having a long circle in plane shape.
10. The ionizer according to claim 9, wherein the back plate is provided with a pair of sandwiching pieces for fixing the back plate to the sheath cartridge by sandwiching the sheath cartridge, and wherein at least one of the sandwiching pieces is constructed to elastically sandwich the sheath cartridge by means of elasticity of a thin-walled elastic deformation portion.
11. The ionizer according to claim 9, wherein an electrode-attaching hole for attaching the electrode cartridge, to be provided in the housing, corresponds to a plane shape of the electrode cartridge, and is formed to have a plane shape including a room where the electrode cartridge fitted into the electrode-attaching hole can be slanted around the nozzle member in the electrode-attaching hole, and a latch mechanism is provided in the electrode cartridge (43) and the electrode-attaching hole (47), the latch mechanism is that the electrode cartridge (43) latches and fixes into the electrode-attaching hole (47) when the electrode cartridge is in the normally attached state after fitting the electrode cartridge into the electrode-attaching hole at a position of the room (47a), and the latch mechanism allows the electrode cartridge (43) to remove from the electrode-attaching hole in a condition that the electrode cartridge (43) slants within the room (47a).
12. The ionizer according to claim 11, wherein in the latch mechanism, a latch projection at an upper part, and a friction ridge having a smaller projecting height than the latch projection at a lower part, are provided at both ends in a longitudinal direction of the electrode cartridge, and wherein side grooves that pass the latch projection when the electrode cartridge is fitted into the electrode-attaching hole in a slanted condition within the room are provided at both end portions in a longitudinal direction of the electrode-attaching hole, and wherein, adjoining the side groove, an elastic contacting piece that elastically comes in contact with the friction ridge when the electrode cartridge is returned to a normally attached state along a longitudinal direction of the housing after fitting the same into the electrode attaching hole, is provided, and wherein the elastic contacting piece is constructed as that elastically comes in contact with the friction ridge by that the electrode cartridge is pressed by the friction ridge when the electrode cartridge being in a slanted state is returned to the normally attached state while rotating the same, and wherein both the elastic contacting pieces suppress a dropping-off operation of the electrode cartridge by means of being latched with the latch projection while being positioned at a lower part of the latch projection at both ends of the electrode cartridge being returned to the normally attached state, and wherein the electrode cartridge is thereby detachably fixed.
13. The ionizer according to claim 11, wherein a connecting terminal connected to a positive and negative high voltage generating circuit in a high voltage generating apparatus in the housing is provided at the electrode-attaching portion of the housing where the electrode cartridge is attached, and wherein the connecting terminals are provided at positions corresponding to the electrode needles of the electrode cartridge to be mounted on the electrode-attaching portion.