1. A method for operating a flash memory device that is constituted by arraying silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-semiconductor (SONOS) memory cells including a drain and a source formed in a substrate, a channel formed between the drain and the source, a gate formed over the channel, and a multi-layered dielectric layer of an oxide layer, a nitride layer, and an oxide layer formed between the gate and the substrate in the NOR form, the method comprising:
applying voltages to one selected from the SONOS memory cells and programming the selected SONOS memory cell so that hot electrons are injected into at least one of either the interface between the oxide layer and the nitride layer or into the nitride layer from the channel and trapped in at least one of either the interface between the oxide layer and the nitride layer or in the nitride layer to increase a threshold voltage; and
applying a positive voltage to the substrate, at least one of either a ground voltage or a negative voltage to the gate and floating at least one of either the source or the drain to reduce the threshold voltage to perform at least one of either removing trapped electrons using Fowler-Nordheim tunneling or erasing the trapped electrons by injecting hot holes created between one of either the source and the substrate or between the drain and the substrate under a voltage condition into the multi-layered dielectric layer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein when the selected SONOS cell is programmed, a voltage is applied to the selected SONOS cell in a condition that a voltage within a range of 8V-12V is applied to the gate of the selected SONOS cell, a voltage within a range of 3V-6V is applied to the drain, and the source is ground.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the condition further comprises at least one of either grounding the substrate or applying a negative voltage to the substrate.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein when erasing the trapped electrons, the gate of the selected SONOS memory cell is ground and a voltage within a range of 13V-18V is applied to the substrate.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein when erasing the trapped electrons, a voltage of about \u22128V is applied to the gate of the selected SONOS memory cell and a voltage of about 6V is applied to the substrate.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of either removing trapped electrons using Fowler-Nordheim tunneling or erasing the trapped electrons by injecting hot holes created between one of either the source and the substrate or between the drain and the substrate under the voltage condition into the multi-layered dielectric layer further comprises both Fowler-Nordheim tunneling and by injecting hot holes.
7. A method for operating a flash memory cell that is constituted by arraying silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-semiconductor (SONOS) memory cells including a drain and a source formed in a substrate, a channel formed between the drain and the source, a gate formed over the channel, and a multi-layered dielectric layer of an oxide layer, a nitride layer, and an oxide layer formed between the gate and the substrate in the NOR form, wherein drains of the SONOS memory cells are electrically connected to a bit line, gates of the SONOS memory cells are electrically connected to a word line crossing the bit line, sources of the SONOS memory cells connected to the word line are connected to a common source line, the method comprising:
applying a voltage to one selected from the SONOS memory cells and programming the selected SONOS memory cell so that hot electrons are injected into at least one of either the interface between the oxide layer and the nitride layer or into the nitride layer from the channel and trapped in at least one of either the interface between the oxide layer and the nitride layer or in the nitride layer to increase a threshold voltage; and
applying a positive voltage to the substrate, at least one of either a ground voltage or a negative voltage to the gate and floating at least one of either the source or the bit line to reduce the threshold voltage to perform at least one of either removing the trapped electrons from the interface between the oxide layer and the nitride layer or the nitride layer using Fowler-Nordheim tunneling or erasing the trapped electrons by injecting hot holes created between at least one of either the source and the substrate or between the drain and the substrate under a voltage condition into the multi-layered dielectric layer.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein when programming the selected SONOS memory cell, the voltage is applied to the selected SONOS memory cell in a condition that a word line is selected and a voltage within a range of 8V-12V is applied to the selected word line, a bit line is selected and a voltage within a range of 3V-6V is applied to the selected bit line, and the common source line is ground.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the condition further comprises at least one of either grounding the substrate or applying a negative voltage to the substrate.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein when erasing the trapped electrons, the word line is ground and a voltage within a range of 13V-18V is applied to the substrate.
11. The method of claim 7, wherein when erasing the trapped electrons, a voltage of about \u22128V is applied to the selected word line connected to the selected SONOS memory cell.
12. The method of claim 7, wherein at least one of either removing trapped electrons using Fowler-Nordheim tunneling or erasing the trapped electrons by injecting hot holes created between one of either the source and the substrate or between the drain and the substrate under the voltage condition into the multi-layered dielectric layer further comprises both Fowler-Nordheim tunneling and by injecting hot holes.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for providing audible indicators of blood pressure of a subject, comprising:
receiving data representative of the blood pressure of the subject from a sensor;
determining the subject’s blood pressure based on the received data using a processor; and
producing an audible indicator that comprises at least one audible property that is based at least in part on the determined blood pressure.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one audible property that is based at least in part on the determined blood pressure comprises at least one of a duration and a volume of the audible indicator.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one audible property that is based at least in part on the determined blood pressure comprises a depth of modulation of the audible indicator.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the audible indicator comprises a first and a second audible indicator, and wherein the first audible indicator is representative of systolic blood pressure and the second audible indicator is representative of diastolic blood pressure.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the audible indicator is synchronized with another measured physiological parameter of the subject.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
computing a difference between a normal blood pressure and the determined blood pressure.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein producing an audible indicator comprises producing an audible indicator that comprises at least one audible property that is based at least in part on the computed difference.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the at least one audible property that is based at least in part on the computed difference comprises a sweep that is indicative of the computed difference between the normal blood pressure and the determined blood pressure.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a change between the determined blood pressure and a previously determined blood pressure.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein producing an audible indicator comprises producing an audible indicator that comprises at least one audible property that is based at least in part on the determined change.
11. A system for providing audible indicators of blood pressure of a subject, comprising:
a sensor configured to receive data representative of the blood pressure of the subject;
processing circuitry configured to:
determine the subject’s blood pressure based on the received data; and
generate an audible waveform that comprises at least one audible property that is based at least in part on the determined blood pressure; and
a speaker configured to:
receive the generated audible waveform; and
produce an audible indicator based on the generated audible waveform.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one audible property that is based at least in part on the determined blood pressure comprises at least one of a duration and a amplitude of the audible indicator.
13. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one audible property that is based at least in part on the determined blood pressure comprises a depth of modulation of the audible indicator.
14. The system of claim 11, wherein the audible indicator comprises a first and a second audible indicator, and wherein the first audible indicator is representative of systolic blood pressure and the second audible indicator is representative of diastolic blood pressure.
15. The system of claim 11, wherein the audible indicator is synchronized with another measured physiological parameter of the subject.
16. The system of claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
compute a difference between a normal blood pressure and the determined blood pressure.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein generating an audible waveform comprises generating an audible waveform that comprises at least one audible property that is based at least in part on the computed difference.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein the at least one audible property that is based at least in part on the computed difference comprises a sweep that is indicative of the computed difference between the normal blood pressure and the determined blood pressure.
19. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
determine a change between the determined blood pressure and a previously determined blood pressure.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein generating an audible waveform comprises generating an audible waveform that comprises at least one audible property that is based at least in part on the determined change.