1. A treatment fluid comprising:
a pseudocrown ether; and
hydrofluoric acid, a hydrofluoric acid-generating compound, or any combination thereof.
2. The treatment fluid of claim 1, further comprising:
a chelating agent, an alkali metal salt of a chelating agent, a non-alkali metal salt of a chelating agent, or any combination thereof.
3. The treatment fluid of claim 1, wherein the pseudocrown ether has between 3 and 6 ether oxygen atoms present therein.
4. The treatment fluid of claim 1, wherein the pseudocrown ether has a structure selected from the group consisting of
wherein, at each occurrence, A independently comprises a carbocyclic ring or -CH2CH2-;
wherein X1 and X4 are independently CH2 or C\u2550O;
wherein X2 and X3 are independently CH2, CHR1, or CR1R2;
wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, or a polymer;
wherein Z is (CH2)n;
wherein n is an integer ranging from 0 to 2;
wherein X2 and X3 are bonded to one another if n is 0; and
wherein B is a carbocyclic ring.
5. The treatment fluid of claim 4, wherein each A is \u2014CH2CH2\u2014.
6. The treatment fluid of claim 1, wherein the pseudocrown ether is covalently bonded to a polymer.
7. The treatment fluid of claim 1, wherein the treatment fluid further comprises a carrier fluid comprising alkali metal ions.
8. The treatment fluid of claim 1, wherein the treatment fluid has a pH ranging between about 0 and about 8.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A sealing member for sealing to the rim of a container and for providing a dispensing opening, the sealing member comprising:
a flexible sheet of one or more layers having an inner edge defining at least one preformed dispensing opening extending therethrough, the flexible sheet having an upper surface and a lower surface thereof;
a cover laminate removably adhered to the upper surface of the flexible sheet, the cover laminate including a polymer support layer and a bonding layer;
a seal liner adhered to the lower surface of the flexible sheet;
the bonding layer of the cover laminate extending through the at least one preformed dispensing opening to bond the polymer support layer of the cover laminate to the seal liner; and
a ratio of a thickness of the bonding layer to a thickness of the flexible sheet from about 1:1 to about 1:0.25 so that the seal liner cleanly tears through the preformed dispensing opening at the inner edge thereof upon separation of the cover laminate from the flexible sheet such that a portion of the seal liner under the pre-formed dispensing opening is removed with the cover laminate.
2. A sealing member of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the flexible sheet is between about 0.5 and about 2 mils and a thickness of the bonding layer is about 0.5 to about 2 mils.
3. The sealing member of claim 1, wherein the flexible sheet includes a foamed polymer layer.
4. The sealing member of claim 1, wherein the flexible sheet is a laminate having a foamed polymer layer and a second polymer layer adhered to the foamed polymer layer.
5. The sealing member of claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the flexible sheet has a release coating thereon.
6. The sealing member of claim 1, wherein the one or more layers of the flexible sheet have a total density of about 0.6 to about 1.5 gcc.
7. The sealing member of claim 1, wherein the cover laminate includes a pull tab.
8. The sealing member of claim 7, wherein the pull tab is defined wholly within the perimeter of the sealing member.
9. The sealing member of claim 1, wherein the seal liner includes an upper layer of metal foil and a lower layer of a heat activated bonding layer, both layers configured to tear through the preformed dispensing opening during removal of the cover laminate.
10. The sealing member of claim 1, wherein the cover laminate is transparent such that the preformed opening is visible therethrough.
11. The sealing member of claim 1, wherein a gap between a wall of the preformed dispensing opening at one side thereof is smaller than a gap between a wall of the preformed dispensing opening at an opposite side thereof.
12. The sealing member of claim 1, wherein the bonding layer is a heat-activated bonding layer.
13. A container having a sealing member for sealing to a rim of the container and for providing a dispensing opening, the container comprising:
a container rim surrounding an opening of the container;
a sealing member sealed to the container rim and including
a flexible sheet of one or more layers having an inner edge defining at least one preformed dispensing opening extending therethrough, the flexible sheet having an upper surface and a lower surface thereof;
a cover laminate removably adhered to the upper surface of the flexible sheet, the cover laminate including a polymer support layer and a bonding layer;
a seal liner adhered to the lower surface of the flexible sheet;
the bonding layer of the cover laminate extending through the at least one preformed dispensing opening to bond the polymer support layer of the cover laminate to the seal liner; and
a ratio of a thickness of the bonding layer to a thickness of the flexible sheet from about 1:1 to about 1:0.25 so that the seal liner cleanly tears through the preformed dispensing opening at the inner edge thereof upon separation of the cover laminate from the flexible sheet such that a portion of the seal liner under the pre-formed dispensing opening is removed with the cover laminate.
14. A container of claim 13, wherein a thickness of the flexible sheet is between about 0.5 and about 2 mils and a thickness of the bonding layer is about 0.5 to about 2 mils.
15. The container of claim 13, wherein the flexible sheet includes a foamed polymer layer.
16. The container of claim 13, wherein the cover laminate includes a pull tab.
17. The container of claim 16, wherein the pull tab is defined wholly within the perimeter of the sealing member.
18. The container of claim 13, wherein the seal liner includes an upper layer of metal foil and a lower layer of a heat activated bonding layer, both layers configured to tear through the preformed dispensing opening during removal of the cover laminate.
19. The container of claim 13, wherein a gap between a wall of the preformed dispensing opening at one side thereof is smaller than a gap between a wall of the preformed dispensing opening at an opposite side thereof.
20. The container of claim 13, wherein the bonding layer is a heat-activated bonding layer.
21. A sealing member for sealing to the rim of a container and for providing a dispensing opening, the sealing member comprising:
a flexible sheet of one or more layers having an inner edge defining at least one preformed dispensing opening extending therethrough, the flexible sheet having an upper surface and a lower surface thereof;
a cover laminate removably adhered to the upper surface of the flexible sheet, the cover laminate including a polymer support layer and a bonding layer, a pull tab of the cover laminate, the pull tab defined wholly within a perimeter of the sealing member;
a seal liner adhered to the lower surface of the flexible sheet;
the bonding layer of the cover laminate extending through the at least one preformed dispensing opening to bond the polymer support layer of the cover laminate to the seal liner; and
upon pulling of the pull tab to separate the cover laminate from the flexible sheet, the seal liner tears through the preformed dispensing opening at the inner edge thereof upon such that a portion of the seal liner under the pre-formed dispensing opening is removed with the cover laminate.
22. A sealing member of claim 21, wherein a thickness of the flexible sheet is between about 0.5 and about 2 mils and a thickness of the bonding layer is about 0.5 to about 2 mils.
23. The sealing member of claim 21, wherein the flexible sheet includes a foamed polymer layer.
24. The sealing member of claim 21, wherein the flexible sheet is a laminate having a foamed polymer layer and a second polymer layer adhered to the foamed polymer layer.
25. The sealing member of claim 21, wherein the upper surface of the flexible sheet has a release coating thereon.
26. The sealing member of claim 21, wherein the one or more layers of the flexible sheet have a total density of about 0.6 to about 1.5 gcc.
27. The sealing member of claim 21, wherein a ratio of a thickness of the bonding layer to a thickness of the flexible sheet is from about 1:1 to about 1:0.25.