1. A lighting apparatus, comprising:
a lighting base comprising one or more lighting elements;
a control module for controlling said one or more lighting elements;
at least one removable lighting accessory for adjusting light emitted by said one or more lighting elements; and
a mounting system comprising at least one removable mounting member, wherein each mounting member is shaped to engage with and securely mount a lighting accessory to said lighting base.
2. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein said at least one lighting accessory comprises at least one of the following:
a removable lens module for adjusting a beam angle of light emitted by said one or more lighting elements; and
a removable shade module for covering said one or more lighting elements, thereby diffusing light emitted by said one or more lighting elements.
3. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein each mounting member comprises:
a recess shaped for receiving a lighting accessory inserted into said recess; and
a set of mechanical guides shaped to engage and mate with a lighting accessory inserted into said recess.
4. The lighting apparatus of claim 3, wherein said set of mechanical guides comprises one or more locking portions for engaging and mating with a mating portion of said lighting accessory.
5. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein each mounting member comprises:
a set of mechanical guides shaped to interlock with a lighting accessory when said mounting member is inserted into said lighting accessory.
6. The lighting apparatus of claim 5, wherein said set of mechanical guides comprises a plurality of axially extending serrations for engaging and mating with a mating portion of said lighting accessory.
7. The lighting apparatus of claim 2, wherein each mounting member comprises:
a lens retaining ring holder for retaining a removable lens module.
8. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein each mounting member comprises:
one or more magnetic fasteners for magnetically coupling said mounting member to said lighting base.
9. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
said control module comprises a plurality of drivers including at least one lighting driver for selectively controlling lighting effects of at least one of said one or more lighting elements.
10. A lighting system, comprising:
multiple lighting apparatuses; and
a controller for providing data control signals to at least one of said multiple lighting apparatuses;
wherein each lighting apparatus comprises:
a lighting base comprising one or more lighting elements;
a control module for controlling said one or more lighting elements; and
a mounting system comprising:
at least one removable lighting accessory for adjusting light emitted by said one or more lighting elements; and
at least one removable mounting member, wherein each mounting member is shaped to engage with and securely mount a lighting accessory to said lighting base.
11. The lighting system of claim 10, wherein each mounting member comprises:
a recess shaped for receiving a lighting accessory inserted into said recess; and
a set of mechanical guides shaped to engage and mate with a lighting accessory inserted into said recess.
12. The lighting system of claim 10, wherein each mounting member comprises:
a set of mechanical guides shaped to interlock with a lighting accessory when said mounting member is inserted into said lighting accessory.
13. The lighting system of claim 10, wherein:
said controller is a wireless controller; and
each lighting apparatus further comprises a wireless module for wirelessly receiving data control signals from said controller.
14. A method, comprising:
mounting at least one removable lighting accessory to a lighting apparatus via a mounting system comprising at least one mounting member; and
adjusting light emitted by one or more lighting elements of said lighting apparatus via said at least one lighting accessory;
wherein each mounting member is shaped to engage with and securely mount a lighting accessory to said lighting apparatus.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein said at least one lighting accessory comprises at least one of the following:
a removable lens module for adjusting a beam angle of light emitted by said one or more lighting elements; and
a removable shade module for covering said one or more lighting elements, thereby diffusing light emitted by said one or more lighting elements.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein each mounting member comprises:
a recess shaped for receiving a lighting accessory inserted into said recess; and
a set of mechanical guides shaped to engage and mate with a lighting accessory inserted into said recess.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein said set of mechanical guides comprises one or more locking portions for engaging and mating with a mating portion of said lighting accessory.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein each mounting member comprises:
a set of mechanical guides shaped to interlock with a lighting accessory when said mounting member is inserted into said lighting accessory.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein said set of mechanical guides comprises a plurality of axially extending serrations for engaging and mating with a mating portion of said lighting accessory.
20. The method of claim 14, comprising:
magnetically coupling a mounting member to said lighting apparatus via one or more magnetic fasteners of said mounting member.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A solar cell, comprising:
a substrate;
a plurality of first cylindrical pillars connected with the substrate; and
a plurality of second cylindrical pillars connected with the substrate,
wherein a diameter of the second pillar is larger than a diameter of the first pillar,
wherein the plurality of first cylindrical pillars are arranged periodically, and the plurality of second cylindrical pillars are arranged periodically, and
wherein the second pillar is disposed between at least two collinear ones of the plurality of first cylindrical pillars.
2. The solar cell according to claim 1,
wherein the diameter of the first pillar is not less than 20 nm and less than 50 nm, and the diameter of the second pillar is not less than 50 nm and not more than 150 nm.
3. The solar cell according to claim 2,
wherein both a height of the first pillar and a height of the second pillar are not less than 100 nm and not more than 1000 nm.
4. The solar cell according to claim 3,
wherein a gap between the first pillar and the second pillar is not less than \u2155 times the diameter of the first pillar and is not more than five times the diameter of the second pillar.
5. The solar cell according to claim 4,
wherein the substrate is a substrate having a first conduction type,
wherein the solar cell further comprises an impurity layer of a second conduction type different from the first conduction type that is formed on a part of the substrate, the first pillar, and the second pillar, and
wherein an interface of a pn junction or pin junction that is formed with the substrate and the impurity layer is flat.
6. The solar cell according to claim 5,
wherein the height of the first pillar is less than or equal to 500 nm, and the height of the second pillar is less than or equal to 500 nm.
7. The solar cell according to claim 3, further comprising:
a plurality of third cylindrical pillars connected with the substrate,
wherein a diameter of the third pillar exceeds the diameter of the second pillar.
8. The solar cell according to claim 7,
wherein the diameter of the first pillar is not less than 20 nm and less than 50 nm, the diameter of the second pillar is not less than 50 nm and less than 90 nm, and a diameter of the third pillar is not less than 90 nm and not more than 150 nm.
9. The solar cell according to claim 8,
wherein all of the gap between the first pillar and the second pillar, a gap between the first pillar and the third pillar, and a gap between the second pillar and the third pillar are each not less than \u2155 times the diameter of the first pillar and not more than 5 times the diameter of the third pillar.
10. The solar cell according to claim 3, further comprising:
a plurality of fourth cylindrical pillars each connected with the substrate through the second pillar; and
a plurality of fifth cylindrical pillars each connected with the substrate through the second pillar and being different from the fourth pillar,
wherein the diameter of the second pillar exceeds a diameter of the fourth pillar, and the diameter of the second pillar exceeds a diameter of the fifth pillar.
11. The solar cell according to claim 10,
wherein the diameter of the fourth pillar is not less than 20 nm and less than 50 nm, and the diameter of the fifth pillar is not less than 20 nm and less than 50 nm.
12. The solar cell according to claim 11,
wherein a gap between the fourth pillar and the fifth pillar is not less than \u2155 times the diameter of the fourth pillar and not more than five times the diameter of the second pillar.
13. The solar cell according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of first cylindrical pillars and the plurality of second cylindrical pillars are arranged in a checkerboard pattern.
14. A solar cell, comprising:
a pn junction or pin junction;
a first pillar having a first diameter;
a second pillar having a second diameter that is different from the first diameter; and
a plurality of array unit structures each comprising the first pillar and the second pillar,
wherein each array unit structure is arranged periodically with respect to other array unit structures.
15. The solar cell according to claim 14,
wherein the unit structure of the array further contains a third pillar whose diameter is different from those of the first and second pillars.