1. A system for making fuel product comprising
a. a first reactor containing a first catalyst for converting synthesis gas to methanol and water;
b. a second reactor containing a second catalyst for converting methanol to dimethylether;
c. a third reactor to containing a third catalyst for converting methanol and dimethylether to fuel and heavy gasoline;
d. a fourth reactor containing a fourth catalyst for converting the heavy gasoline to isoparaffins and naphthenes, wherein the fourth catalyst is Group IX or X metal oxide catalyst on alumina reduced in the presence of hydrogen and carbon monoxide and in the absence of sulfur;
e. a separator for separating a product exiting the fourth reactor into a first stream containing fuel product, a second stream containing water, and a third stream containing unreacted synthesis gas; and
f. a recycle stream to recycle a portion of the third stream to the first reactor.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first catalyst is CuOZnOAl2O3.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the second catalyst is gamma-alumina.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the third catalyst is ZSM-5.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the Group IX or X metal oxide is nickel oxide.
6. A system for making fuel product comprising
a. a first reactor containing a first catalyst for converting synthesis gas to methanol and water;
b. a second reactor containing a second catalyst for converting methanol to dimethylether;
c. a third reactor to containing a third catalyst for converting methanol and dimethylether to fuel and heavy gasoline;
d. a fourth reactor containing a fourth catalyst for converting the heavy gasoline to isoparaffins and naphthenes, wherein the fourth reactor contains Group IX or X metal oxide catalyst combined with a Group VI metal oxide catalyst on alumina reduced in the presence of hydrogen and carbon monoxide and in the absence of sulfur;
e. a separator for separating a product exiting the fourth reactor into a first stream containing fuel product, a second stream containing water, and a third stream containing unreacted synthesis gas; and
f. a recycle stream to recycle a portion of the third stream to the first reactor.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the Group IX or X metal oxide is cobalt oxide and the Group VI metal is molybdenum oxide forming cobalt molybdate.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the first catalyst is CuOZnOAl2O3.
9. The system of claim 6, wherein the second catalyst is gamma-alumina.
10. The system of claim 6, wherein the third catalyst is ZSM-5.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Vacuum cleaning device with a unit for aerodynamically affecting dust particles andor a surface to be cleaned in order for the particles to become dislodged from the surface and to become airborne, the unit comprising:
a housing having a housing wall encompassing a first internal space and a second internal space, wherein a first portion of the housing wall delimiting the first internal space is provided with at least one opening via which the first internal space is in communication with an outside of the unit;
a movable surface arranged at an interface of the first and second internal spaces;
means for actuating an oscillation in the movable surface, the actuating means being arranged in the second internal space; and
means for equalizing a pressure in the first internal space with a pressure in the second internal space, wherein the pressure equalization means comprises at least one component configured to equalize the pressures via at least one of (i) actively controlling an extent to which a second portion of the housing wall delimiting the second internal space is capable of allowing air to pass, and (ii) varying a ratio between a volume of the first internal space and a volume of the second internal space other than by oscillating the movable surface.
2. The vacuum cleaning device according to claim 1, wherein the second portion of the housing wall delimiting the second internal space of the unit is fully closed.
3. The vacuum cleaning device according to claim 1, wherein the second portion of the housing wall delimiting the second internal space of the unit is provided with at least one opening, and wherein the pressure equalization means comprises at least one valve movable between a position for closing the at least one opening and a position for leaving the at least one opening open.
4. The vacuum cleaning device according to claim 1, wherein the pressure equalization means comprises a cylinder and spring configuration for allowing for a displacement inside the housing of a whole of (i) the movable surface and (ii) the actuating means.
5. The vacuum cleaning device according to claim 1, wherein the pressure equalization means comprises a flexible membrane which is arranged in the second portion of the housing wall delimiting the second internal space.
6. The vacuum cleaning device according to claim 1, wherein a whole of (i) the movable surface and (ii) the actuating means is movably arranged in the housing via the pressure equalization means, wherein the pressure equalization means further comprises a cylinder for guiding the whole of (i) the movable surface and (ii) the actuating means in a predetermined direction, and a resilient spring coupled between (a) the whole of (i) the movable surface and (ii) the actuating means and (b) the housing wall.
7. The vacuum cleaning device according to claim 1, wherein the pressure equalization means comprises at least one component configured to vary a volume of the second internal space, the unit further comprising:
at least one component for (i) measuring a pressure difference between the first internal space and the second internal space, and (ii) controlling, via a control signal, the pressure equalization means for varying the volume of the second internal space to a volume at which the pressure difference is eliminated.
8. The vacuum cleaning device according to claim 7, further wherein the pressure equalization means that varies the volume of the second internal space comprises a tube-shaped member and a piston which is movably arranged inside the tube-shaped member, wherein the portion of the housing wall delimiting the second internal space is provided with an opening, and wherein the tube-shaped member is connected to the housing at the position of the opening.
9. The vacuum cleaning device according to claim 1, wherein the pressure equalization means comprises a component having (i) a passage extending between the first internal space and the second internal space and (ii) a valve movable between a position for closing the passage and a position for leaving the passage open, the unit further comprising:
at least one component for (i) measuring a pressure difference between the first internal space and the second internal space, and (ii) controlling, via a control signal, the valve to move the valve to a position at which the pressure difference is eliminated.
10. The vacuum cleaning device according to claim 1, wherein a whole of (i) the movable surface and (ii) the actuating means is movably arranged in the housing via the pressure equalization means, wherein the pressure equalization means further comprises a movable arranged frame for moving the whole of (i) the movable surface and (ii) the actuating means in a predetermined direction, wherein the whole of (i) the movable surface and (ii) the actuating means is attached to the movable arranged frame, the unit further comprising:
at least one component for (i) measuring a pressure difference between the first internal space and the second internal space, and (ii) controlling, via a control signal, the movable arranged frame to move the whole of the movable surface and the actuating means to a position at which the pressure difference is eliminated.
11. The vacuum cleaning device according to claim 1, wherein an oscillating movement of the movable surface causes air to alternately be (i) drawn into the first internal space through the opening from various directions at the opening, and (ii) expelled from the first internal space through the opening in the form of a directed jet.
12. Vacuum cleaning device with a unit for aerodynamically affecting dust particles andor a surface to be cleaned in order for the particles to become dislodged from the surface and to become airborne, the unit comprising:
a housing having a housing wall encompassing a first internal space and a second internal space, wherein a first portion of the housing wall delimiting the first internal space is provided with at least one opening via which the first internal space is in communication with an outside of the unit;
a movable surface arranged at an interface of the first and second internal spaces;
means for actuating an oscillation in the movable surface, the actuating means being arranged in the second internal space; and
means for equalizing a pressure in the first internal space with a pressure in the second internal space, wherein said pressure equalization means comprises a portion of the housing wall having at least one opening in the portion of the housing wall in between the first internal space and the second internal space, further wherein the second internal space is in communication with an outside of the unit via only the first internal space.