We claim:
1. A method for reducing chemotherapy induced ototoxicity, comprising:
a) providing
i) a subject
ii) a chemotherapeutic agent that induces ototoxicity; and
iii) an ototoxicity preventing agent; and
b) administering said ototoxicity preventing agent locally to an ear of said subject;
c) administering said chemotherapeutic agent to said subject.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said chemotherapeutic agent is active in the presence of said ototoxicity preventing agent.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said chemotherapeutic agent is cisplatin.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said ototoxicity preventing agent is thiourea.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said ototoxicity preventing agent is dimethylthiourea.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said administering is via an osmotic pump implanted in said ear of said animal.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said administering is via manual injection into a cochleostomy.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said administration is via diffusion from the middle ear.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of administering a nephrotoxicity preventing agent to said subject.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein said nephrotoxicity preventing agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium selenite and amifostine.
11. A kit for use in preventing chemotherapy induced ototoxicity, comprising:
a) a ototoxicity preventing agent; and
b) instructions for using said kit for preventing chemotherapy induced ototoxicity.
12. The kit of claim 11, wherein said ototoxicity preventing agent is thiourea.
13. The kit of claim 11, wherein said ototoxicity preventing agent is dimethylthiourea.
14. The kit of claim 11, wherein said kit further comprises a local delivery system.
15. A kit, comprising:
a) an ototoxicity preventing agent, wherein said ototoxicity preventing agent is formulated for local delivery; and
b) a chemotherapeutic agent.
16. The kit of claim 15, wherein said chemotherapeutic agent is cisplatin.
17. The kit of claim 15, wherein said ototoxicity preventing agent is thiourea.
18. The kit of claim 15, wherein said ototoxicity preventing agent is dimethylthiourea.
19. The kit of claim 15, wherein said kit further comprises a local delivery system.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
I claim:
1. A hybrid air engine comprising:
an engine block having at least one cylinder, a reciprocating piston being contained in each of said at least one cylinders;
a head with at least one precombustion chamber, said head with at least one precombustion chamber being attached to said engine block, a single precombustion cavity being formed in each of said at least one precombustion chambers;
at least one intake injector capable of supplying compressed air, said at least one intake injector being retained in said head with at least one precombustion chamber;
means for supply atmospheric air to said cylinder;
a spark plug providing ignition to said precombustion cavity;
said precombustion cavity being supplied with compressed air, said precombustion injector supplying ignited compressed air to a single said at least one cylinder; and
at least one exhaust valve capable of removing exhaust gases from each of said at least one cylinder, said at least one exhaust valve being retained in said head with at least one precombustion chamber.
2. The hybrid air engine of claim 1 wherein:
said means of supplying atmospheric air being contained within each of said at least one intake injectors.
3. The hybrid air engine of claim 1 wherein:
each said at least one exhaust valve containing a center solenoid and at least one outer solenoid, exhaust gases being removed from each said at least one cylinder through said center solenoid, cooled air being injected through said at least one outer solenoid to cool said exhaust valve.
4. The hybrid air engine of claim 1 further comprising:
a routing manifold having at least two inlets and at least two outlets, said routing manifold capable of supplying compressed air and fuel to said at least one intake injectors and said at least one precombustion injectors.
5. The hybrid air engine of claim 4, further comprising:
compressed air and fuel being mixed at each outlet of said routing manifold to each said intake injector and each said precombustion injector, outlet valves controlling the flow of compressed air and fuel to each said outlet.
6. The hybrid air engine of claim 4, further comprising:
a cooler unit and a heater unit being attached to each inlet of said routing manifold.
7. The hybrid air engine of claim 4, further comprising:
a fuel tank containing a supply of fuel;
a fuel pump capable of drawing fuel from said fuel tank and pushing said supply of fuel into said routing manifold;
a fuel input valve controlling the flow of fuel into said fuel pump; and
a fuel output valve controlling the flow of fuel into said routing manifold.
8. The hybrid air engine of claim 4, further comprising:
at least one compressed air tank containing a supply of compressed air;
a compressed air pump capable of drawing compressed air from one of said compressed at least one air tanks and pushing said supply of compressed air into said routing manifold;
an air input valve controlling the flow of compressed air into said compressed air pump; and
an air output valve controlling the flow of compressed air into said routing manifold.
9. The hybrid air engine of claim 1, further comprising:
an engine module capable of controlling components of said hybrid air engine.
10. The hybrid air engine of claim 1, further comprising:
each said at least one intake injector capable of supplying compressed air and fuel.
11. A hybrid air engine comprising:
an engine block having at least one cylinder, a reciprocating piston being contained in each of said at least one cylinders;
a head with at least one precombustion chamber, said head with at least one precombustion chamber being attached to said engine block, a single precombustion cavity being formed in each of said at least one precombustion chambers;
at least one intake injector capable of supplying compressed air, fuel and atmospheric air, said at least one intake injector being retained in said head with precombustion chamber;
a spark plug providing ignition to said precombustion cavity;
a precombustion cavity being supplied with compressed air and fuel, said precombustion injector capable of supplying ignited compressed air and fuel to a single said at least one cylinders;
at least one exhaust valve capable of removing exhaust gases from each of said at least one cylinders, said at least one exhaust valve being retained in said head with at least one precombustion chamber;
a routing manifold having at least two inlets and at least two outlets for receiving and supplying compressed air and fuel;
an engine module capable of controlling components of said hybrid air engine.
12. The hybrid air engine of claim 11 wherein:
said exhaust valve containing a center solenoid and at least one outer solenoid, exhaust gases being removed from each said at least one cylinder through said center solenoid, cooled air being injected through said at least one outer solenoid to cool said exhaust valve.
13. The hybrid air engine of claim 11 wherein:
said routing manifold capable of supplying compressed air and fuel to said at least one intake injectors and said at least one precombustion injectors.
14. The hybrid air engine of claim 13, further comprising:
compressed air and fuel being mixed at each outlet of said routing manifold to each said intake injector and each said precombustion injector, outlet valves controlling the flow of compressed air and fuel to each said outlet.
15. The hybrid air engine of claim 13, further comprising:
a cooler unit and a heater unit being attached to each inlet of said routing manifold.
16. The hybrid air engine of claim 13, further comprising:
a fuel tank containing a supply of fuel;
a fuel pump capable of drawing fuel from said fuel tank and pushing said supply of fuel into said routing manifold;
a fuel input valve controlling the flow of fuel into said fuel pump; and
a fuel output valve controlling the flow of fuel into said routing manifold.
17. The hybrid air engine of claim 13, further comprising:
at least one compressed air tank containing a supply of compressed air;
a compressed air pump capable of drawing compressed air from one of said compressed air tanks and pushing said supply of compressed air into said routing manifold;
an air input valve controlling the flow of compressed air into said compressed air pump; and
an air output valve controlling the flow of compressed air into said routing manifold.
18. A method of increasing the power output of an air engine, comprising the steps of:
(a) creating at least one precombustion chamber in a head of said air engine;
(b) supplying each said precombustion chamber with a quantity of compressed air;
(c) igniting said quantity of compressed air to form an ignited mixture, supplying said ignited mixture to a cylinder of said engine at a specified time; and
(d) supplying compressed air to said cylinder on an intake stroke, said ignited mixture being used to ignite said compressed air supplied to said cylinder.
19. A method of increasing the power output of an air engine of claim 18 wherein:
a quantity of fuel being supplied with said compressed air to said cylinder when extra power is required.
20. A method of increasing the power output of an air engine of claim 18 wherein:
a quantity of fuel being supplied with said compressed air to said precombustion chamber when extra power is required.
21. An injector comprising:
an injector body;
a center solenoid being contained in said injector body, said center solenoid opening a center valve when energized; and
at least one outer solenoid being contained in said injector body, each said outer solenoid valve opening a semi-circular valve when energized.