1. An internal combustion engine comprising an exhaust system through which exhaust gas created by combustion in engine combustion chambers passes to atmosphere and which comprises an after-treatment system that treats the exhaust gas before the exhaust gas leaves the exhaust system, wherein the after-treatment system comprises:
an exhaust flow path having an entrance through which exhaust gas enters the after-treatment system and an exit through which exhaust gas exits the after-treatment system;
an SCR catalyst disposed in the flow path;
partition wall structure that is disposed in the flow path upstream of the SCR catalyst for causing exhaust gas flowing toward the SCR catalyst to separate into multiple detached exhaust gas flow streams;
one or more ports via which data for one or more characteristics of each detached exhaust gas flow stream can be obtained; and
a port through which reductant can be introduced into each detached exhaust gas flow stream.
2. An engine as set forth in claim 1 wherein the one or more ports via which data for one or more characteristics of each detached exhaust gas flow stream can be obtained comprise a temperature sensor for providing temperature data for the respective detached exhaust gas flow stream.
3. An engine as set forth in claim 1 wherein the one or more ports via which data for one or more characteristics of each detached exhaust gas flow stream can be obtained comprise a NOx sensor for providing NOx data for the respective detached exhaust gas flow stream.
4. An engine as set forth in claim 1 wherein the one or more ports via which data for one or more characteristics of each detached exhaust gas flow stream can be obtained comprise a temperature sensor for providing temperature data for the respective detached exhaust gas flow stream and a NOx sensor for providing NOx data for the respective detached exhaust gas flow stream.
5. An engine as set forth in claim 5 wherein the NOx sensor for each detached exhaust gas flow stream is disposed at a port that is downstream of a port at which the temperature sensor for the same detached exhaust gas flow stream is disposed.
6. An engine as set forth in claim 5 wherein the port through which reductant can be introduced into each detached exhaust gas flow stream is disposed downstream of the port at which the NOx sensor for the same detached exhaust gas flow stream is disposed.
7. An engine as set forth in claim 6 wherein the partition wall structure comprises walls that define straight parallel channels through which the respective detached exhaust gas streams flow, each of the ports at which the temperature sensors are disposed has an opening to the respective channel that lies substantially in a common first plane that is transverse to flow through the channels, each of the ports at which the NOx sensors are disposed has an opening to the respective channel that lies substantially in a common second plane that is transverse to flow through the channels, and each of the ports through which reductant can be introduced has an opening to the respective channel that lies substantially in a common third plane that is transverse to flow through the channels.
8. An engine as set forth in claim 1 wherein the partition wall structure comprises walls defining straight parallel channels through which the respective detached exhaust gas streams can flow, the channels having substantially equal transverse cross sectional areas along their lengths.
9. An engine as set forth in claim 8 wherein the partition wall structure comprises a central wall defining a central cylindrical channel through which one detached exhaust gas stream can flow and other walls defining a succession of arcuate channels which circumferentially surround the central wall and through each of which a respective detached exhaust gas stream can flow.
10. An engine as set forth in claim 8 wherein the partition wall structure comprises a central zone containing walls that divide the zone into side-by-side sectors of a circle each defining a respective channel through which a respective detached exhaust gas stream can flow and other walls defining a succession of arcuate channels which circumferentially surround the central zone and through each of which a respective detached exhaust gas stream can flow.
11. An engine as set forth in claim 1 further including a processor and a reductant supply system associated with the after-treatment system for obtaining data about one or more characteristics of each detached exhaust gas flow stream via the one or more ports through which data about one or more characteristics of each detached exhaust gas flow stream can be obtained, for processing the obtained data, and for using results of the processing to cause a quantity of reductant appropriate for the obtained data for the respective detached exhaust gas flow stream to be introduced into each detached exhaust gas flow stream to create a resulting mixture for enabling the SCR catalyst to reduce NOx in the mixture without contributing a significant excess of reductant to flow leaving the SCR catalyst.
12. An engine as set forth in claim 1 further including downstream partition wall structure that is disposed in the flow path downstream of the SCR catalyst for causing exhaust gas that has flowed through the SCR catalyst to separate into multiple detached exit flow streams, and one or more ports via which data about one or more characteristics of each detached exit flow stream can be obtained.
13. An engine exhaust after-treatment device for reducing NOx content in engine exhaust comprising:
an exhaust flow path having an entrance through which exhaust gas enters the device and an exit through which exhaust gas exits the device;
an SCR catalyst disposed in the flow path;
partition wall structure that is disposed in the flow path upstream of the SCR catalyst for causing exhaust gas flowing toward the SCR catalyst to separate into multiple detached flow streams;
one or more ports via which data about one or more characteristics of each detached exhaust gas flow stream can be obtained; and
a port through which reductant can be introduced into each detached exhaust gas flow stream.
14. A device as set forth in claim 13 wherein the partition wall structure comprises a central wall defining a central cylindrical channel through which one detached exhaust gas stream can flow and other walls defining a succession of arcuate channels which circumferentially surround the central wall and through each of which a respective detached exhaust gas stream can flow.
15. A device as set forth in claim 13 wherein the partition wall structure comprises a central zone containing walls that divide the zone into side-by-side sectors of a circle each defining a respective channel through which a respective detached exhaust gas stream can flow and other walls defining a succession of arcuate channels which circumferentially surround the central zone and through each of which a respective detached exhaust gas stream can flow.
16. A device as set forth in claim 13 further including downstream partition wall structure which is disposed in the flow path downstream of the SCR catalyst for causing exhaust gas that has flowed through the SCR catalyst to separate into multiple detached exit flow streams, and which comprises one or more ports via which data for one or more characteristics of each detached exit flow stream can be obtained.
17. A device as set forth in claim 16 wherein the one or more ports via which data for one or more characteristics of each detached exit flow stream can be obtained comprise a temperature sensor for providing temperature data for the respective detached exit flow stream, a NOx sensor for providing NOx data for the respective detached exit flow stream, and an ammonia sensor for providing ammonia data for the respective detached exit flow stream.
18. A method for treating exhaust gas flowing through an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, the method comprising the steps of:
causing exhaust gas flowing toward an SCR catalyst to separate into multiple detached exhaust gas flow streams;
obtaining data for one or more characteristics of each detached exhaust gas flow stream; and
using the data for controlling introduction of reductant into each detached exhaust gas flow stream.
19. A method as set forth in claim 18 wherein the step of obtaining data for one or more characteristics of each detached exhaust gas flow stream comprises obtaining temperature data and NOx data for each detached exhaust gas flow stream.
20. A method as set forth in claim 18 further including the steps of causing exhaust gas that has flowed through the SCR catalyst to separate into multiple detached exit flow streams, obtaining data for one or more characteristics of each detached exit flow stream, and controlling introduction of reactant into each detached exhaust gas flow stream by processing data obtained for one or more characteristics of each detached exhaust gas flow stream and data obtained for one or more characteristics of each detached exit flow stream.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A camera case, having a camera storage space and an inhibiting section in the form of a slit formed in the camera case, the inhibiting section being constructed to inhibit light emitted from a camera flash stored in the storage space from being transmitted to a lens of the camera.
2. The camera case of claim 1, further provided with a transparent section for a lens and a transparent section for a flash, the transparent section for a lens and the transparent section for a flash being arranged at positions opposite to a camera lens and a flash stored in the storage space, and the inhibiting section being arranged between the transparent section for a lens and the transparent section for a flash.
3. The camera case of claim 2, where in the transparent section for a flash is a through hole.
4. A camera case, having a camera storage space and an inhibiting section in the form of a slit formed in the camera case, the inhibiting section being constructed to inhibit light emitted from a camera flash stored in the storage space from being transmitted to a sensor of the camera, the camera case also having a transparent section for a flash and a transparent section for a sensor, the transparent section for a flash and the transparent section for a sensor being arranged at positions corresponding to a flash and a sensor stored in the storage space, and the inhibiting section being arranged between the transparent section for a flash and the transparent section for a sensor.
5. A camera case of claim 4, wherein the sensor is a distance sensor.
6. A camera case, having a camera storage space, an inhibiting section, a transparent section for a lens and a transparent section for a flash, the inhibiting section is a rib projecting in an inward direction and vertical direction of the storage space and extends close to upper and lower ends of the storage space, the inhibiting section constructed to inhibit light emitted from a camera flash stored in the storage space from being transmitted to a lens of the camera, the transparent section for a lens and the transparent section for a flash separated in the horizontal direction.
7. A camera case, having a camera storage space, an inhibiting section, a transparent section for a lens and a transparent section for a flash, the inhibiting section being constructed to inhibit light emitted from a camera flash stored in the storage space from being transmitted to a lens of the camera, the inhibiting section further comprises a rib projecting towards the inside of the storage space and a bent section formed by bending the camera case itself, the bent section being formed in a step shape having a section at the camera flash side further inwards than a section at the camera lens side, and the rib being arranged closer to the lens than the bent section, the transparent section for a lens and the transparent section for a flash being arranged at positions opposite to a camera lens and a flash stored in the storage space, the inhibiting section being arranged between the transparent section for a lens and the transparent section for a flash.
8. A camera case, having a camera storage space, an inhibiting section, a transparent section for a flash and a transparent section for a sensor, the inhibiting section being constructed to inhibit light emitted from a camera flash stored in the storage space from being transmitted to a sensor of the camera, the inhibiting section is an indented section formed around the transparent section for a sensor, the transparent section for a flash and the transparent section for a sensor being arranged at positions corresponding to a flash and a sensor stored in the storage space, and the inhibiting section being arranged between the transparent section for a flash and the transparent section for a sensor.