1. An implantable pacemaker, comprising:
a pacing circuit configured to deliver pacing pulses;
an activity sensor configured to sense an activity level; and
a pacing controller coupled to the pacing circuit and the activity sensor, the pacing controller configured to control the delivery of the pacing pulses by executing a pacing algorithm and including:
a myocardial infarction detector configured to detect a signal indicative of a myocardial infarction event; and
a dynamic pacing parameter controller configured to be activated in response to the detection of the signal indicative of the myocardial infarction event and, after being activated, compare the sensed activity level to a threshold and execute a first pacing algorithm in response to the sensed activity level exceeding the threshold and a second pacing algorithm in response to the sensed activity level not exceeding the threshold.
2. The implantable pacemaker of claim 1, wherein the dynamic pacing parameter controller is configured to execute a cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) pacing algorithm for an approximately optimal hemodynamic performance in response to the sensed activity level exceeding the threshold and a remodeling control therapy (RCT) pacing algorithm for reducing degree of post myocardial infarction remodeling in response to the sensed activity level not exceeding the threshold after being activated.
3. The implantable pacemaker of claim 2, wherein the myocardial infarction detector is configured to detect ischemia.
4. The implantable pacemaker of claim 2, wherein the activity sensor is configured to detect a heart rate.
5. The implantable pacemaker of claim 2, wherein the activity sensor is configured to sense an acceleration signal.
6. The implantable pacemaker of claim 2, wherein the activity sensor is configured to sense a signal indicative of minute ventilation.
7. The implantable pacemaker of claim 2, comprising;
a hemodynamic performance sensor configured to sense a signal indicative of hemodynamic performance; and
a pacing algorithm selector configured to activate and deactivate the dynamic pacing parameter controller based on the signal indicative of hemodynamic performance.
8. The implantable pacemaker of claim 7, wherein the hemodynamic performance sensor comprises the activity sensor.
9. The implantable pacemaker of claim 8, wherein the activity sensor is configured to sense a signal indicative of minute ventilation.
10. The implantable pacemaker of claim 8, wherein the activity sensor is configured to sense heart sounds.
11. The implantable pacemaker of claim 7, wherein the hemodynamic performance sensor is configured to sense a signal indicative of left ventricular pressure.
12. The implantable pacemaker of claim 7, wherein the hemodynamic performance sensor is configured to sense a signal indicative of stroke volume.
13. A method for operating an implantable pacemaker, the method comprising:
detecting a signal indicative of a myocardial infarction event;
executing a dynamic pacing algorithm in response to the detection of the signal indicative of the myocardial infarction event, the dynamic pacing algorithm including at least a first pacing algorithm and a second pacing algorithm, the executing including:
sensing an activity level;
comparing the activity level to a threshold;
executing the first pacing algorithm in response to the activity level exceeding the predetermined threshold; and
executing the second pacing algorithm in response to the activity level not exceeding the predetermined threshold.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein executing the first pacing algorithm comprises executing a cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) pacing algorithm for an approximately optimal hemodynamic performance, and executing the second pacing algorithm comprises executing a remodeling control therapy (RCT) pacing algorithm for reducing a degree of post myocardial infarction remodeling.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein sensing the activity level comprises detecting a heart rate.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein sensing the activity level comprises sensing an acceleration signal.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein sensing the activity level comprises sensing a signal indicative of minute ventilation.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein executing the CRT pacing algorithm and executing the RCT pacing algorithm each comprise selecting a set of pacing parameter values including at least a value of an atrioventricular delay.
19. The method of claim 18, comprising;
sense a signal indicative of hemodynamic performance; and
determining whether to start or stop executing the dynamic pacing algorithm using the sensed signal indicative of hemodynamic performance.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein sensing the signal indicative of hemodynamic performance comprises sensing a signal indicative of minute ventilation, heart sounds, a signal indicative of a left ventricular pressure, or a signal indicative of stroke volume.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed:
1. A process for increasing the water retaining ability of fibrous paper stocks, comprising:
knead dispersing a fibrous paper stock having a stock concentration of at least about 20% and a temperature greater than about 45 C., wherein a treatment for the knead dispersing is at least about 10 seconds; and
completing a post-treatment phase to a machine tub of a paper machine in a reaction time of no longer than about 30 minutes.
2. The process in accordance with claim 1, wherein the post-treatment phase follows the knead dispersing.
3. The process in accordance with claim 1, wherein the knead dispersing is performed at a stock temperature greater than about 90 C.
4. The process in accordance with claim 3, wherein the knead dispersing is performed at a stock temperature greater than 110C.
5. The process in accordance with claim 1, wherein a total specific work rate in the post treatment phase is not greater than about 10 kWhto.
6. The process in accordance with claim 5, wherein the total specific work rate in the post treatment phase is not greater than about 5 kWhto.
7. The process in accordance with claim 1, wherein a temperature of the stock in the post treatment phase is set at not greater than about 70 C.
8. The process in accordance with claim 7, wherein the temperature of the stock in the post treatment phase is set at not greater than about 50C.
9. The process in accordance with claim 1, wherein the reaction time of the stock in the post treatment phase is a maximum of about 8 minutes.
10. The process in accordance with claim 1, wherein no machines for grinding paper fibers are utilized in the post-treatment phase.
11. The process in accordance with claim 1, wherein steam treatment of the paper stock occurs before or during the knead dispersing.
12. The process in accordance with claim 1, further comprising introducing chemicals into the fibrous paper stock one of before and during the knead dispersing.
13. The process in accordance with claim 12, wherein the introduced chemicals contain ozone gas.
14. The process in accordance with claim 1 further comprising increasing a temperature of the stock during the knead dispersing to a temperature of at least about 90 C.
15. The process in accordance with claim 14, wherein the stock temperature during knead dispersing is increased to at least about 110C.
16. The process in accordance with claim 14, further comprising reducing the temperature of the stock during the post-treatment phase to not greater than 70 C.
17. The process in accordance with claim 16, wherein the stock temperature in the post-treatment phase is reduced to not greater than 50 C.
18. The process in accordance with claim 1, further comprising introducing an amount of work to the stock during the post-treatment phase of less than about 10 kWhto.
19. The process in accordance with claim 18, wherein the amount of work introduced to the stock during post-treatment is less than about 5 kWhto.
20. The process in accordance with claim 1, further comprising introducing at least one of steam and chemicals to the stock one of before and during the knead dispersing.
21. The process in accordance with claim 20, wherein the chemicals include ozone gas.
22. The process in accordance with claim 21, wherein both the steam and the chemicals are introduced to the stock one of before and during the knead dispersing.
23. A process for increasing the water retaining ability of fibrous paper stocks, comprising:
knead dispersing a fibrous paper stock having a stock concentration of at least about 20% and a temperature greater than about 45 C., wherein a treatment for the knead dispersing is at least about 10 seconds; and
post-treating the stock with a reaction time of no longer than about 30 minutes; and
forwarding the stock to a tub of a paper making machine.
24. The process in accordance with claim 23, further comprising introducing chemicals into the fibrous paper stock one of before and during the knead dispersing.
25. The process in accordance with claim 24, wherein the introduced chemicals contain ozone gas.
26. The process in accordance with claim 23, further comprising increasing a temperature of the stock during the knead dispersing to a temperature of at least about 90 C.
27. The process in accordance with claim 26, wherein the stock temperature during knead dispersing is increased to at least about 110C.
28. The process in accordance with claim 26, further comprising, during the post treating, reducing the temperature of the stock to not greater than 70 C.
29. The process in accordance with claim 28, wherein the stock temperature in the post treating is reduced to not greater than 50 C.
30. The process in accordance with claim 23, wherein the post treating comprises introducing an amount of work to the stock during the post-treatment phase of less than about 10 kWhto.
31. The process in accordance with claim 30, wherein the amount of work introduced to the stock during the post treating is less than about 5 kWhto.
32. The process in accordance with claim 23, further comprising introducing at least one of steam and chemicals to the stock one of before and during the knead dispersing.
33. The process in accordance with claim 32, wherein the chemicals include ozone gas.
34. The process in accordance with claim 33, wherein both the steam and the chemicals are introduced to the stock one of during and before the knead dispersing.