1. A method for application server to make decision on control management in a special cases that controller is not involved in the session constantly, comprising:
sending rules as special case control management preference;
determining to transfer, keep or release the controlcharge based on rules at certain trigger point;
selecting suitable entity to transfer control andor charge, if necessary, based on preference rules and UE capability.
2. The method of claim 1, the special case means controller is lost due to uncontrollable reasons.
3. The method of claim 1, the special case may also be controller does not want to be actively involved in the control of a collaborative session.
4. The method of claim 1, the preference is sent together with or apart from the registration packets.
5. The method of claim 1, the preference contains all or part of the following information: a list of potential successors, a set of rules to select the successor, a set of rules to make default control decisions, a set of events that will trigger session release after controller’s lost.
6. The method of claim 1, preference rules is sent either at the registration of IMS service, at the registration of inter-UE transfer service, or during the session.
7. The method of claim 1, the preference rules are sent to master application server or any equivalent agent.
8. The method claim 1, default rules are used when no preference is provided.
9. The method of claim 8, the default rules are stored at application server and are not changeable by any UE involved in any session.
10. The method claim 1, default rules are used when preference provided by the controller is not applicable or not sufficient.
11. The method of claim 1, one trigger point is current controller leaves the session without notice.
12. The method of claim 1, another trigger point is the current controller sends signals indicating its unwillingness to be involved in the session control for a certain time.
13. The method of claim 1, the trigger point can also be termination parameter value matches the termination criteria set by rules.
14. The method of claim 13, the termination criteria is to decide how long should a session continue after the lost of controller. It is set by user preference.
15. The method of claim 1, suitable entity is either the UE within the same collaborative session as lost controller or the application server itself.
16. The method of claim 1, the capability of a UE is acquired by application server either when UE joins the session or when control transfer decision need to be made during the session.
17. The method of claim 16, if capability of a UE is needed for making decision, application server needs to explicitly request them to the UE
18. The method of claim 1, UE capability includes control capability, power capability, signal stability or process capability.
19. A system for a collaborative session to decide its control assignment when controller is not constantly involved in the session, comprising:
terminals that can prepare and send preferences to the master application server or equivalent agent that manages the collaborative session;
application server that can control session and transfer control andor charge to another UE based on preference rules; and
non-controller terminals that can process and response to queries from the application server.
20. The system of claim 19, the terminals who preparing and sending preferences are the UEs that going to be controllers in the session.
21. The system of claim 19, the terminals that can prepare and send preference further containing preference generator function, preference sending function, passive control function, and user interference function.
22. The system of claim 19, the application server further contains controller loss detection function, preference processing function, control transfer decision function, and passive control function.
23. The system of claim 22, the preference processing function processes and classifies the rules from controller.
24. The system of claim 22, the control transfer decision function further comprising UE query function and successive controller selection function.
25. The system of claim 24, UE query function asks target UE for its capability and its willingness to take over the control.
26. The system of claim 22, the passive control function performs control decisions based on preferences from corresponding passive controller and master application server default rules.
27. The system of claim 22, the controller transfer decision function can choose a UE and try controller transfer without query UE capability.
28. The system of claim 22, the controller transfer decision function is also responsible to make charge transfer decisions.
29. The system of claim 19, the non-controller terminal further containing query processing function and query response function.
30. The system of claim 29, the query processing function processes queries from the master application server.
31. The system of claim 29, the query response function gets the answer of query and send back to master application server, even for an unknown query.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for producing hydrogen from a plant source, comprising:
obtaining a plant fiber material obtained by separating the fiber material from starchy material of an agricultural grain;
if needed, adding water to bring the fiber material to a moisture level of about 70%;
heating the fiber material in a sealed reactor to a temperature of between about 135\xb0 C. and 225\xb0 C. for about 30 to 60 minutes to form a heat and pressure treated plant fiber material;
separating from the heat and pressure treated fiber material an aqueous liquid mixture containing oligosaccharides and a solids fraction;
contacting the aqueous liquid mixture containing oligosaccharides with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure sufficient to decompose at least a portion of the oligosaccharides in the mixture to form a vapor mixture of gases including hydrogen; and
separating hydrogen from other gases present in the vapor mixture.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of said agricultural grain is selected from the group consisting of corn, wheat, oats, rye, millet, barley, sorghum, triticale, and rice.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said vapor mixture of gases includes carbon monoxide.
4. The method of a claim 1 wherein said catalyst is a metal-containing catalyst.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said metal-containing catalyst comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIII transition metals, alloys thereof, and mixtures thereof.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein said metal-containing catalyst is selected from the group consisting of NiAl2O3, NiMgO\u2014Al2O3, NiMgOLa2O, Ni\u2014CoMgO\u2014La2O3\u2014Al2O3, Ni\u2014CrMgO\u2014La2O3\u2014Al2O3, MgO\u2014Al2O3, and MgO\u2014La2O3\u2014Al2O3.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the contacting is at a temperature of at least about 550\xb0 C.
8. The method of a claim 1 wherein the contacting is at a temperature of at least about 600\xb0 C.
9. The method of a claim 1 wherein the contacting is at a temperature between about 400 to about 600\xb0 C.
10. The method claim 1 wherein the contacting is at a pressure sufficient to maintain said vapor mixture of gasses as a condensed liquid.
11. The method of claim 1, further including treating said liquid mixture containing oligosaccharides with at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of \u03b1-amylase, gluco-amylase, xylanase, \u03b2-xylosidase, arabinosidase, cellobiase, \u03b2-glucosidase, and other \u03b2-endo or exo-glucanases.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein the fiber material is corn fiber obtained at a moisture level of between about 50% to about 70 and heating the corn fiber comprises heating to a temperature of between about 138\xb0 C. and 150\xb0 C. for about 30 to 60 minutes to form the heat and pressure treated fiber material.
13. The process of claim 1 further including treating the separated solids fraction at temperature of about 550\xb0 C. or greater in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a syn gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
14. The process of claim 1 further including treating the separated solids fraction at temperature of about 225-550\xb0 C. for a period of about 15 seconds to about 5 minutes to obtain a bio oil; and
heating the bio oil to a temperature of at least about 550\xb0 C. or greater in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a syn gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
15. The process of claim 14 wherein the separated solids fraction is heated to a temperature of about 450-550\xb0 C.
16. A method for producing hydrogen from plant fiber source, comprising:
a. pressurizing an autoclave containing said plant fiber source, water and a catalyst with steam;
b. heating said plant fiber source at a temperature of at least about 500\xb0 C. and pressure sufficient to convert said plant fiber source into an oligosaccharide containing aqueous liquid; and
c. contacting said oligosaccharide containing aqueous liquid with a catalyst at a temperature and pressure sufficient to decompose said oligosaccharides to form hydrogen.
17. The process of claim 16 further comprising separating and collecting the hydrogen from a another gas formed therewith and associating indicia with the hydrogen that indicates the hydrogen is produced from a plant fiber source.