1-14. (canceled)
15. A pressure-proof, fluid-charged or fluid-chargeable body (10, 20) in the form of a pressure pipe or pressure vessel, said body comprising a base body (12, 22) of steel, a first layer (14, 24) of a ceramic matrix composite which immediately encloses the outside of the base body, and at least one second layer (16, 26) of fiber-reinforced plastic andor fiber-reinforced ceramic, which is arranged on the first layer.
16. The body of claim 15, wherein the fibers of the ceramic matrix composite are fibers of aluminum oxide, mullite, silicon carbide, zircon oxide, andor carbon.
17. The body of claim 15, wherein the ceramic matrix composite comprises SiCSiC, CC, CSiC, Al2O3Al2O3, Csiloxane, SiCsiloxane, andor mullitemullite.
18. The body of claim 15, wherein the first layer (14) possesses a thickness D1 with 1 mm\u2266D1\u226620 mm.
19. The body of claim 15, wherein the at least one second layer (16, 26), or all second layers together, exhibit(s) a thickness D2 with 0 mm<D2\u226650 mm.
20. The body of claim 15, wherein the fibers (28, 30) of the first layer (14, 24) are deposited on the base body (12, 22) in a radially revolving andor criss-crossing pattern.
21. The body of claim 15, wherein the fibers of the at least one second layer (16, 26) are arranged on the first layer in a radially revolving andor criss-crossing pattern relative to the base body (12, 22).
22. The body of claim 15, wherein the base body (12, 22) comprises martensitic steel.
23. The body of claim 15, wherein the base body (12, 22) comprises a high-alloyed nickel-based alloy.
24. The body of claim 15, wherein the base body (12, 22) possesses a wall thickness D with 1 mm\u2266D\u226650 mm.
25. A pressure-proof fluid-chargeable or fluid-charged body in the form of a pressure pipe or pressure vessel, consisting of a base body of a steel, from the group of martensitic steel, austenitic steel or high-alloyed nickel-base alloy, and at least one layer, which encloses the base body, said body comprising or containing fibers that exhibit no or only minimal creep at a temperature T with T\u2267500\xb0 C.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process for making a supported catalyst comprising:
dispersing a catalytic active component within pores of a catalyst support, wherein the catalyst support optionally contains a promoter therein; and
converting the catalytic active component to an active metal complex intermediate at a pH of about 7 to about 8, the active metal complex intermediate coating surfaces of the catalyst support.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the catalyst support is treated with an acid material.
3. A process for making a supported catalyst comprising:
combining a catalytic active component, a catalyst support optionally containing a promoter therein, and an acid material to form a slurry;
adjusting the slurry to a pH of about 7 to about 8; and
recovering the supported catalyst from the slurry.
4. The process of claim 3, further comprising calcining the supported catalyst.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein the supported catalyst is calcined at a temperature of from about 800\xb0 C. to about 970\xb0 C.
6. The process of claim 4, wherein the supported catalyst is calcined at about 960\xb0 C.
7. The process of claim 4, wherein the supported catalyst is calcined in the presence of an oxidizing gas.
8. The process of claim 3, wherein the pH of the slurry is adjusted by adding a basic material to the slurry.
9. The process of claim 8, wherein the pH of the slurry is adjusted by adding a basic material to the slurry and heating the slurry.
10. The process of claim 8, wherein the basic material is selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxides, metal hydroxides, and ethylene glycol.
11. The process of claim 3, wherein the catalytic active component is a transition metal salt andor transition metal oxide.
12. The process of claim 11, wherein the transition metal salt is selected from the group consisting of transition metal nitrates, transition metal carbonates, transition metal oxalates, and transition metal formates.
13. The process of claim 11, wherein the transition metal of the transition metal salt is selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, copper, chromium, iron, manganese, platinum, palladium, rhodium and ruthenium.
14. The process of claim 13, wherein the transition metal is nickel.
15. The process of claim 13, wherein the catalyst support is alumina.
16. The process of claim 15, wherein the rare-earth metal is selected from the group consisting of scandium, yttrium, lanthanide metals and mixtures thereof.
17. The process of claim 16, wherein the rare-earth metal is lanthanum.
18. The process of claim 3, wherein the catalyst support has an apparent porosity in the range of about 15% to about 80%.
19. The process of claim 3, wherein the catalyst support has a mean pore diameter in the range of about 0.05 microns to about 20 microns.
20. The process of claim 3, wherein the catalyst support is a ceramic.
21. The process of claim 3, wherein the catalyst support is selected from the group consisting of alumina silica, magnesia, titania, zirconia, beryllia, thoria, zeolites, and calcium aluminates.
22. The process of claim 3, wherein the promoter is a rare-earth metal, rare-earth metal oxide, rare-earth hydroxide, andor rare-earth metal salt.
23. The process of claim 22, wherein the rare-earth metal salt is selected from the group consisting of rare-earth nitrates, rare-earth carbonates, rare-earth oxalates, and mixtures thereof.
24. The process of claim 22, wherein the rare-earth metal oxide is lanthanum oxide.
25. The process of claim 3, wherein the acid material is nitric acid.
26. The process of claim 3, wherein the pH is about 7.5.
27. The process of claim 3, wherein the catalytic active component is from about 20% to about 80% by weight and the catalyst support optionally containing promoter is from about 20% to about 80% by weight based on the total weight of the catalytic active component and the catalyst support optionally containing promoter.
28. The process of claim 27, wherein the catalyst support contains from about 1% by weight to about 20% by weight of the promoter.
29. The process of claim 3, further comprising reducing the supported catalyst.
30. The process of claim 29, wherein the supported catalyst is reduced using hydrogen.
31. A supported catalyst formed by the process of claim 3.
32. The supported catalyst of claim 31 for a steam reforming reaction.
33. The supported catalyst of claim 31 for an autothermal reforming reaction, wherein the promoter is present.
34. The supported catalyst of claim 31 for both a steam reforming reaction and an autothermal reforming reaction, wherein the promoter is present.