1. A method of steering a craft comprising:
providing a towing vehicle, said towing vehicle being a water-going vessel;
providing a craft having a hull, said craft being a water going vessel to be towed by said towing vehicle;
providing as fore rudder located and associated below the hull of said craft and located such that said fore rudder is forward of the midpoint of the hull and at least partially submerged in the water when said craft is towed, said fore rudder being substantially shallow in depth when the craft is towed, wherein said fore rudder consists of a cylinder and a connector tab;
associating a first member with said connector tab of said fore rudder such that linear movement of said first member rotates said fore rudder;
providing a rear rudder located and associated with the stern of said craft;
associating a second member with said rear rudder such that a linear movement of said second member rotates said rear rudder;
associating a tow line connector to said hull of said craft;
associating a first end of a tow line to said tow line connector;
associating a second end of said tow line to said towing vehicle;
towing said craft using said towing vehicle with said fore rudder and rear rudder initially oriented parallel to said length of said craft such said craft follows directly behind said towing vehicle;
rotating said fore rudder to a position less than 90 degrees off parallel to said length of said craft;
rotating said rear rudder in an opposite direction to said fore rudder and to a position less than 90 degrees off parallel to said length of said craft, causing the craft to move off to the side of the track of said towing vehicle while said craft maintains movement substantially parallel to said towing vehicle, producing an offset tow; and
adjusting the angle of said fore rudder in relation to the angle of the said rear rudder to control the magnitude of the offset of the said craft from the track of said towing vehicle.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A display device using a microelectromechanical system (MEMS), comprising:
a first substrate comprising a refractive first index;
a second substrate facing the first substrate;
a reflective layer arranged on the first substrate and comprising a first aperture;
a transparent layer arranged in the first aperture and comprising a second refractive index; and
a shutter arranged on the second substrate,
wherein an upper surface of the transparent layer faces the shutter with a gap therebetween.
2. The display device of claim 1, wherein
at least one of a first lateral surface of the first aperture and a second lateral surface of the transparent layer is obliquely inclined with respect to a surface of the first substrate.
3. The display device of claim 2, wherein
an angle between the surface of the first substrate and at least one of the first lateral surface and the second lateral surface is between 0 and 90 degrees.
4. The display device of claim 2, wherein
a surface of the transparent layer is rough.
5. The display device of claim 4, wherein
the transparent layer is porous.
6. The display device of claim 5, wherein
the transparent layer further comprises a dielectric material.
7. The display device of claim 1, wherein
a surface of the transparent layer is rough.
8. The display device of claim 7, wherein
the transparent layer is porous.
9. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the transparent layer is porous.
10. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a backlight unit disposed under the first substrate.
11. The display device of claim 10, wherein
a surface of the transparent layer is rough.
12. The display device of claim 10, wherein
the transparent layer is porous.
13. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
an assistance reflective layer disposed between the first substrate and the reflective layer,
wherein the assistance reflective layer comprises:
at least two layers comprising different refractive indices from each other; and
a second aperture corresponding to the first aperture.
14. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a light-blocking layer arranged on the second substrate and comprising a third aperture, wherein the third aperture faces the first aperture.
15. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the transparent layer is arranged on the entire surface of the reflective layer.
16. The display device of claim 15, wherein
a surface of the transparent layer is rough.
17. The display device of claim 15, wherein
the transparent layer is porous.
18. The display device of claim 1, wherein a difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is equal to or less than 0.2.
19. A method for manufacturing a display device using a microelectromechanical system (MEMS), comprising:
forming a reflective layer comprising a first aperture on a first substrate;
forming a transparent layer in the first aperture;
forming a shutter on a second substrate; and
coupling the first substrate and the second substrate so that an upper surface of the transparent layer faces the shutter with a gap therebetween.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein
forming the transparent layer comprises:
coating a hardening material comprising a plurality of grains on the first substrate;
hardening the coated hardening material to form a hardened transparent layer; and
removing the plurality of grains from the hardened transparent layer.
21. The method of claim 19, further comprising surface treating the transparent layer.
22. The method of claim 19, wherein the first substrate comprises a first refractive index, the transparent layer comprises a second refractive index, and a difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is equal to or less than 0.2.