1. Motion detection apparatus comprising:
a detector unit for detecting motion of an object and producing a plurality of detection output signals, including:
at least one first detector including at least one sensing element, operative to detect receipt of at least first radiation in the millimeter wave range having a wavelength between 0.05 mm and 10 mm; and
at least first radiation input optics comprising an array of multiple optical segments for focusing millimeter wave radiation from first multiple spaced fields of view onto said at least one first detector,
said at least one first detector generating a plurality of first output signals in response to receipt of said at least first radiation resulting from motion of said object between said first multiple spaced fields of view; and
a processor receiving said plurality of detection output signals from said detector unit, said plurality of detection output signals including said plurality of first output signals, said processor being operative to process said plurality of detection output signals according to predefined criteria and to provide a motion detection output based on said criteria.
2. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1 and wherein said processor provides said motion detection output indicating receipt of radiation from said object at least two different times having at least a predetermined time relationship therebetween.
3. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1 and wherein said object comprises a human.
4. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1 and wherein said processor is operative to sense differences between radiation received from humans and from other objects and to provide at least one motion detection output at least partially based on said differences.
5. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1 and wherein said processor is operative to sense differences between radiation received from humans and from pets and to provide at least one motion detection output at least partially based on said differences.
6. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 5, and wherein said differences include at least one of differences in rise time of detection output signals of said radiation received from humans and from pets, differences in fall time of detection output signals of said radiation received from humans and from pets and differences in the duration of detection output signals.
7. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1 and wherein said processor is operative to sense differences between radiation received from humans and from other objects by comparing the amplitude of received radiation.
8. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1 and wherein said processor is operative to sense differences between radiation received from humans and from the objects by comparing characteristics of received radiation.
9. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1 and wherein said processor is operative to sense differences between radiation received from humans and from other objects by comparing patterns of received radiation.
10. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1 and wherein said processor is operative .to sense differences between radiation received from humans and from other objects by comparing shapes of received radiation.
11. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1 and wherein said processor is operative to sense differences between radiation received from humans and from other objects by comparing the amplitude of received radiation at multiple wavelengths over time.
12. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1 and wherein said at least first radiation input optics is disposed upstream of said at least one first detector.
13. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1 and wherein said at least first radiation input optics comprises at least one lens.
14. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1 and wherein said at least first radiation input optics comprises at least one reflector.
15. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1 and wherein said at least first radiation input optics comprises a plurality of optical elements, operative at a different wavelength ranges.
16. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1 and also comprising an illuminator providing radiation having a wavelength between 0.05 mm and 10 mm into a region covered by said first multiple spaced fields of view.
17. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1 and also comprising at least one second detector which is operative to detect receipt of at least second radiation having a wavelength range generally different from the range of said at least first radiation.
18. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 17, and wherein said at least one second detector generates a plurality of second output signals in response to receipt of said at least second radiation resulting from motion of said object between second multiple spaced fields of view.
19. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 18, and wherein said second multiple spaced fields of view are defined by at least second radiation input optics for focusing radiation in a wavelength range of said at least second radiation from said second multiple spaced fields of view onto said at least one second detector.
20. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 19, and wherein said at least second radiation input optics comprises a lens.
21. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 19, and wherein said at least first radiation input optics and said at least second radiation input optics are common radiation input optics operative to focus millimeter wave radiation in a wavelength range of said at least first radiation and of said at least second radiation.
22. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 21, and wherein said common radiation input optics comprises a lens made of at least one of Polyethylene and TEFLON\xae material.
23. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 19, and wherein said at least first radiation input optics and said at least second radiation input optics comprise different radiation input optics.
24. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 18, and wherein each of said at least one first detector and said at least one second detector also comprises respective first and second filter elements operative in respective wavelength ranges of said at least first radiation and of said at least second radiation.
25. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 17, and wherein said at least one second detector comprises an incoherent detector.
26. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 17, and wherein said at least one second detector comprises a passive infrared detector.
27. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 17, and wherein said at least second radiation has a wavelength lying within the range of between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm.
28. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 17, and wherein said .at least second radiation has a wavelength lying within the range of between 0.01 mm and 0.1 mm.
29. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 17, and wherein said at least second radiation has a wavelength lying within the range of between 0.001 mm and 0.015 mm.
30. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 17, and wherein said at least second radiation has a wavelength lying within the range of between 0.05 mm and 10 mm.
31. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 17, and wherein said at least one second detector comprises an active detector.
32. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 31, and wherein said active detector comprises a microwave detector operative to transmit and detect radiation having a frequency in the range of 0.5\u201330 Ghz.
33. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 31, and wherein said active detector comprises a millimeter wave detector operative to transmit and detect millimeter wave radiation.
34. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 31, and wherein said active detector comprises an optical detector operative to transmit and detect optical radiation.
35. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 17, and wherein said criteria include receiving at least first detection output signal from said at least one first detector operative in a first radiation range and at least second detection output signal from said at least one second detector operative in a second radiation range, said at least first detection output signal and said at least second detection output signal having at least a predetermined time relationship therebetween.
36. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1, and wherein said at least one first detector comprises at least one incoherent detector array.
37. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 36, and wherein said at least one incoherent detector array is associated with at least one filter.
38. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 36, and wherein said at least one incoherent detector array views a human target through a common focusing optical element.
39. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 36, and wherein output signals of said at least one incoherent detector array are supplied via a signal multiplexer to a microprocessor for further processing.
40. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 39, and wherein said further processing includes analog to digital conversion of said output signals of said at least one incoherent detector array.
41. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1, and wherein said millimeter wave radiation is emitted from said object.
42. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1, and wherein said millimeter wave radiation is reflected by said object.
43. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 42, and wherein said reflected radiation is at least partially provided by an illuminator.
44. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1, and wherein said plurality of first output signals results from differences between millimeter wave radiation emitted from said object and millimeter wave radiation emitted from at least a second object in said first multiple spaced fields of view.
45. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1, and wherein said criteria include receiving at least two detection output signals at at least two different times having at least a predetermined time relationship therebetween.
46. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 45, and wherein said at least two output detection signals at at least two different times are produced by motion of said object through said first multiple spaced fields of view.
47. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 45, and wherein said time relationship comprises at least a partial time overlap.
48. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1, and wherein said criteria comprise criteria for activating an alarm.
49. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1, and wherein said criteria comprise criteria for controlling access.
50. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1, and wherein said criteria comprise criteria for opening a door.
51. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1, and wherein said criteria comprise criteria for activating light.
52. Motion detection apparatus according to ,claim 1, and wherein said criteria comprise criteria for switching on at least one HVAC system.
53. Motion detection apparatus according to claim 1, and wherein said criteria comprise criteria for switching off at least one HVAC system.
54. A method for motion detection comprising:
detecting motion of an object and producing a plurality of detection output signals including:
detecting receipt of at least first radiation having a wavelength between 0.05 mm and 10 mm utilizing at least a first detector, including at least one sensing element; and
focusing millimeter wave radiation from first multiple spaced fields of view onto said at least one first detector, utilizing at least first radiation input optics comprising an array of multiple optical segments,
generating a plurality of first output signals utilizing said at least one first detector, in response to receipt of said at least first radiation resulting from said object moving between said first multiple spaced fields of view; and
receiving said plurality of detection output signals from said at least one first detector utilizing a processor, said plurality of detection output signals including said plurality of first output signals;
processing said plurality of detection output signals according to predefined criteria; and
providing a motion detection output based on said criteria.
55. A method for motion detection according to claim 54 and wherein said generating a plurality of first output signals comprises generating a motion detection output at at least two different times having at least a predetermined time relationship therebetween.
56. A method for motion detection according to claim 54 and wherein said detecting motion of an object comprises detecting motion of a human.
57. A method for motion detection according to claim 54 and wherein said detecting receipt comprises:
sensing differences between radiation received from humans and from other objects; and
providing at least one motion detection output at least partially based on said differences.
58. A method for motion detection according to claim 54 and wherein said detecting receipt comprises:
sensing differences between radiation received from humans and from pets; and
providing at least one motion detection output at least partially based on said differences.
59. A method for motion detection according to claim 54 and wherein said detecting receipt comprises sensing differences between radiation received from humans and from other objects by comparing the amplitude of received radiation.
60. A method for motion detection according to claim 54 and wherein said detecting receipt comprises sensing differences between radiation received from humans and from other objects by comparing characteristics of received radiation.
61. A method for motion detection according to claim 54 and wherein said detecting receipt comprises sensing differences between radiation received from humans and from other objects by comparing patterns of received radiation.
62. A method for motion detection according to claim 54 and wherein said detecting receipt comprises sensing differences between radiation received from humans and from other objects by comparing shapes of received radiation.
63. A method for motion detection according to claim 54 and wherein said detecting receipt comprises sensing differences between radiation received from humans and from other objects by comparing the amplitude of received radiation at multiple wavelengths over time.
64. A method for motion detection according to claim 54 and wherein said utilizing at least one first detector comprises utilizing said at least first radiation input optics which are disposed upstream of said at least one first detector.
65. A method for motion detection according to claim 54 and wherein said at least one first radiation input optics comprises at least one lens.
66. A method for motion detection according to claim 54 and wherein said at least one first radiation input optics comprises at least one reflector.
67. A method for motion detection according to claim 54 and wherein said at least one first radiation input optics comprises a plurality of optical elements, each operative at a different wavelength range.
68. A method for motion detection according to claim 54 and also comprising providing radiation, having a wavelength between 0.05 mm and 10 mm, utilizing an illuminator, into a region which is viewed by said at least one first detector.
69. A method for motion detection according to claim 54 and also including detecting receipt of at least second radiation having a wavelength range generally different from the range of said at least first radiation utilizing an at least one second detector.
70. A method for motion detection according to claim 69, and also comprising generating a plurality of second output signals utilizing said at least one second detector, in response to receipt of said at least second radiation resulting from motion of said object between second multiple spaced fields of view.
71. A method for motion detection according to claim 70, and also including defining said second multiple spaced fields of view by at least second radiation input optics for focusing radiation in a wavelength range of said at least second radiation from said second multiple spaced fields of view onto said at least one second detector.
72. A method for motion detection according to claim 71, and wherein said at least second radiation input optics comprises a lens.
73. A method for motion detection according to claim 71, and wherein said at least first radiation input optics and said at least second radiation input optics are common radiation input optics operative to focus millimeter wave radiation in a wavelength range of said at least first radiation and of said at least second radiation.
74. A method for motion detection according to claim 71, and wherein said at least first radiation input optics and said at least second radiation input optics comprise different radiation input optics.
75. A method for motion detection according to claim 69, wherein said at least one first detector and said at least one second detector comprise detectors of generally the same type.
76. A method for motion detection according to claim 69, and wherein each of said at least one first detector and said at least one second detector also comprises respective first and second filter elements operative in respective wavelength ranges of said at least first radiation and of said at least second radiation.
77. A method for motion detection according to claim 69, and wherein said at least one second detector comprises a passive infrared detector.
78. A method for motion detection according to claim 69, and wherein said at least second radiation has a wavelength lying within the range of between 0.01 mm and 0.1 mm.
79. A method for motion detection according to claim 69, and wherein said at least second radiation has a wavelength lying within the range of between 0.001 mm and 0.015 mm.
80. A method for motion detection according to claim 69, and wherein said at least second radiation has a wavelength lying within the range of between 0.05 mm and 10 mm.
81. A method for motion detection according to claim 54, and wherein said at least one first detector comprises at least one incoherent detector array.
82. A method for motion detection according to claim 81, and wherein said at least one incoherent detector array is associated with at least one filter.
83. A method for motion detection according to claim 81, and wherein said at least one incoherent detector array views a human target through a common focusing optical element.
84. A method for motion detection according to claim 81, and also comprising supplying output signals of said at least one incoherent detector array via a signal multiplexer to a microprocessor for further processing.
85. A method for motion detection according to claim 84, and wherein said further processing includes analog to digital conversion of said output signals of said at least one incoherent detector array.
86. A method for motion detection according to claim 69, and wherein said at least one second detector comprises an active detector.
87. A method for motion detection according to claim 86, and wherein said active detector comprises a microwave detector operative to transmit and detect radiation having a frequency in the range of 0.5\u201330 Ghz.
88. A method for motion detection according to claim 86, and wherein said active detector comprises a millimeter wave detector operative to transmit and detect millimeter wave radiation.
89. A method for motion detection according to claim 86, and wherein said active detector comprises an optical detector operative to transmit and detect optical radiation.
90. A method for motion detection according to claim 69, and wherein said criteria include receiving at least first detection output signal from said at least one first detector operative in a first radiation range and at least second detection output signal from said at least one second detector operative in a second radiation range, said at least first detection output signal and said at least second detection output signal having at least a predetermined time relationship therebetween.
91. A method for motion detection according to claim 90, and wherein said time relationship comprises at least a partial time overlap.
92. A method for motion detection according to claim 69, wherein said at least second radiation has a wavelength lying within the range of between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm.
93. A method for motion detection according to claim 54, and wherein said millimeter wave radiation is emitted from said object.
94. A method for motion detection according to claim 54, and wherein said millimeter wave radiation is reflected by said object.
95. A method for motion detection according to claim 54, and wherein said plurality of first output signals results from differences between millimeter wave radiation emitted from said object and millimeter wave radiation emitted from at least a second object in said first multiple spaced fields of view.
96. A method for motion detection according to claim 54, and wherein said criteria include receiving at least two detection output signals at at least two different times having at least a predetermined time relationship therebetween.
97. A method for motion detection according to claim 96, and also comprising producing said at least two detection output signals at at least two different times by motion of said object through said first multiple spaced fields of view.
98. A method for motion detection according to claim 54, and wherein said criteria comprise criteria for activating an alarm.
99. A method for motion detection according to claim 54, and wherein said criteria comprise criteria for controlling access.
100. A method for motion detection according to claim 54, and wherein said criteria comprise criteria for opening a door.
101. A method for motion detection according to claim 54, and wherein said criteria comprise criteria for activating light.
102. A method for motion detection according to claim 54, and wherein said criteria comprise criteria for switching on at least one HVAC system.
103. A method for motion detection according to claim 54, and wherein said criteria comprise criteria for switching off at least one HVAC system.
104. A method for motion detection according to claim 54, and also comprising providing radiation in the millimeter wave range having a wavelength lying within the range of 0.05 mm and 10 mm into a region covered by said first multiple spaced fields of view, utilizing an illuminator.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A panel configured to reduce glare, the panel comprising
a substrate;
an absorption layer mounted on the substrate; and
a wire-grid polarizer mounted on the absorption layer, the wire grid polarizer having a plurality of gratings formed of a metallic element, each of the gratings spaced apart from each other so as to form a waveguide, the metallic gratings having a sub-wavelength period and is configured to transmit both S-polarized light and reflect P-polarized light of all wavelengths in the visible spectrum so as to reduce veiling glare and maintain the brightness of the substrate.
2. The panel as set forth in claim 1, further including a thin film layer disposed on each of the metallic gratings, the thin film layer configured to generate a resonance with the metallic gratings modifying the reflectivity of the wire grid polarizer to reflect P-polarized light having the predetermined wavelength.
3. The panel as set forth in claim 1, wherein the waveguide have a width shorter than half of the wavelength of a predetermined hue.
4. The panel as set forth in claim 1, wherein the metallic element is one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, zinc, and tungsten.
5. The panel as set forth in claim 1, wherein the each of the gratings have a thickness, the thickness being less than the wavelength of a predetermined hue.
6. The panel as set forth in claim 2, wherein the thin film layer is formed of a resonance absorption material configured to reflect P-polarized light having a wavelength between 380 nm-750 nm.
7. The panel as set forth in claim 6, the thin film layer is one of either a lossy dielectric.
8. The panel as set forth in claim 6, wherein the thin film layer is a semiconductor.
9. The panel as set forth in claim 8, wherein the semiconductor is one selected from the group consisting of amorphous silicon, germanium, zinc selenide, and zinc sulfide.
10. The panel as set forth in claim 6, the thickness of the thin film layer is between 1 and 30 nanometers.
11. The panel as set forth in claim 1, wherein the width of each of the gratings in the plurality of gratings is between 30-150 nm
12. The panel as set forth in claim 1, wherein the panel is a dashboard of an automotive vehicle.
13. A wire-grid polarizer configured to reflect P-polarized light and absorb S-polarized light, the wire-grid polarizer comprising:
a substrate;
a plurality of gratings formed of a metallic element, each of the gratings spaced apart from each other so as to form a waveguide, the waveguide having a width less than the half wavelength of a predetermined hue; the waveguide transmitting S-polarized light and reflecting P-polarized light; and
a thin film layer disposed on each of the metallic gratings, the thin film layer formed of a resonance absorption material configured to generate a resonance in response to light so as to transmit S-polarized light and reflect P-polarized light within a predetermined spectrum.
14. The wire-grid polarizer as set forth in claim 13, wherein the substrate is an absorption layer, the absorption layer configured to absorb the transmitted S-polarized and P-polarized light.
15. The wire-grid polarizer as set forth in claim 13, wherein the metallic element is one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, zinc, and tungsten.
16. The wire-grid polarizer as set forth in claim 13, wherein the each of the gratings have a thickness, the thickness being less than the wavelength of a predetermined hue.
17. The wire-grid polarizer as set forth in claim 14, the absorption material is of either an organic pigment or an inorganic pigment, both the organic pigment and inorganic pigment are configured to absorb visible band of the light.
18. The wire-grid polarizer as set forth in claim 13, wherein the thin film layer is made of a lossy dielectric, silicide, metal, or metal alloys.
19. The wire-grid polarizer as set forth in claim 13, wherein the thin film layer is a semiconductor.
20. The wire-grid polarizer as set forth in claim 19, wherein the semiconductor is one selected from the group consisting of amorphous silicon, germanium, zinc selenide, and zinc sulfide.
21. The wire-grid polarizer as set forth in claim 13, the thickness of the thin film layer is between 1 and 30 nanometers.
22. The wire-grid polarizer as set forth in claim 13, wherein the width of each of the gratings in the plurality of gratings is between 30-100 nm.
23. An automotive vehicle comprising:
a windshield
a dashboard adjacent the windshield, the windshield is angled between 20 to 40 degrees of the dashboard, the dashboard having a substrate colored a predetermined hue, and a wire-grid polarizer mounted on the absorption layer, the wire grid polarizer having a plurality of gratings formed of a metallic element, each of the gratings spaced apart from each other so as to form a waveguide configured to transmit S-polarized light and reflect P-polarized light.
24. The automotive vehicle as set forth in claim 23, wherein the waveguide has a width shorter than the half wavelength of light.
25. The automotive vehicle as set forth in claim 23, wherein the metallic element is one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, zinc, and tungsten.
26. The automotive vehicle as set forth in claim 23, wherein the each of the gratings have a thickness, the thickness being less than the wavelength light.
27. The automotive vehicle as set forth in claim 23, wherein the waveguide has a longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis axially aligned with a length of a vehicle body.
28. The automotive vehicle as set forth in claim 23, wherein the width of each of the gratings in the plurality of gratings is between 30-150 nm.
29. The automotive vehicle as set forth in claim 23, the absorption material is one of either an organic pigment or inorganic pigment, both the organic pigment and inorganic pigment is configured to of either an absorb visible band of the light.
30. The automotive vehicle as set forth in claim 23, wherein the wire grid polarizer further includes a thin film layer disposed on each of the metallic gratings, the thin film layer generating a resonance reflect P-polarized light within a predetermined spectrum.
31. The automotive vehicle as set forth in claim 30, wherein the thin film layer is made of a lossy dielectric, semiconductor, silicide, metal, or metal alloys.
32. The automotive vehicle as set forth in claim 30, wherein the thin film layer is a semiconductor.
33. The automotive vehicle as set forth in claim 30, wherein the semiconductor is one selected from the group consisting of amorphous silicon, germanium, zinc selenide, and zinc sulfide.