What is claimed is:
1. An optoelectronic material comprising:
a transparent conducting film produced by placing a target material and a substrate in a reaction chamber; adjusting a pressure (P) of an ambient gas to be introduced to the reaction chamber and a distance (D) between the substrate and the target material so that crystal nucleus growth in a vapor phase is carried out in an area generated by a shock front in which oxidization is promoted; exciting the target material by irradiating a laser beam to the target material, while introducing the ambient gas into the reaction chamber under the pressure; and forming a thin film by depositing species, which are contained in said target material and ejected from said target material by being irradiated by the laser beam, on said substrate; and
ultrafine particles of light-emitting semiconductor dispersed in said transparent conducting film.
2. An optoelectronic material obtainable by:
placing a substrate and a target material including at least two kinds of areas with different compositions in a target material in a reaction chamber;
adjusting a pressure (P) of an ambient gas and a distance (D) between said substrate and said target material so that crystal nucleus growth in a vapor phase is carried out in an area generated by a shock front in which oxidization is promoted;
exciting said target material by irradiating a laser beam to said target material, while introducing said ambient gas into said reaction chamber under said pressure; and
forming a thin film by depositing species, which are contained in said target material and ejected from said target material by being irradiated by the laser beam, on said substrate.
3. A ferroelectric memory device using a ferroelectric film produced by placing a target material and a substrate in a reaction chamber; adjusting a pressure (P) of an ambient gas to be introduced to the reaction chamber and a distance (D) between the substrate and the target material so that crystal nucleus growth in a vapor phase is carried out in an area generated by a shock front in which oxidization is promoted; exciting the target material by irradiating a laser beam to the target material, while introducing the ambient gas into the reaction chamber under the pressure; and forming a thin film by depositing species, which are contained in the target material and ejected from the target material by being irradiated by the laser beam, on the substrate.
4. The device according to claim 3, including CMOS as a drive circuit.
5. An IC card provided with a ferroelectric memory device according claim 3.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An image processing method for generating an image from a hard copy document, comprising:
(a) scanning the hard copy document multiple times using a scanner to generate a plurality of images;
(b) performing deskewing for each image;
(c) performing translational compensation for each image;
(d) selecting two images among the plurality of images that have the highest similarity to each other, the two selected images including a first image and a second image;
(e) dilating the first image;
(f) converting the dilated first image into a binary form;
(g) eroding the converted first image to generate a first processed image;
(h) eroding the second image;
(i) converting the eroded second image into a binary form;
(j) dilating the converted second image to generate a second processed image;
(k) extracting common portions of the first and second processed images to generate a final image; and
(l) storing the final image.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein step (b) is performed for each image by detecting a paper edge in the image.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein step (c) is performed by setting one of the plurality of images as a reference image and shifting other ones of the plurality of images with respect to the reference image.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein step (d) comprises:
(d1) for each pair of images, calculating a pixel-wise correlation value; and
(d2) selecting a pair of images having a highest correlation value.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein step (d) comprises:
(d1) for each pair of images, calculating a difference image by pixel-wise subtraction and calculating a difference value from the difference image; and
(d2) selecting a pair of images having a lowest difference value.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein each image generated in step (a) is a grayscale image.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein each image generated in step (a) is a color image including a set of color components, and wherein steps (e) through (k) are performed separately for each color component.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating document authentication information based on the final image;
encoding the document authentication information in barcode; and
printing the image with the barcode associated therewith.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the hard copy document contains barcode encoding document authentication information, the method further comprising:
extracting the barcode from the final image and obtaining the document authentication information encoded therein; and
authenticating the document using the document authentication information.
10. A computer program product comprising a computer usable medium having a computer readable code embodied therein for controlling a data processing apparatus, the computer readable program code comprising code configured to cause the data processing apparatus to execute an image processing method comprising the steps of:
(a) receiving a plurality of images, each image having been generated by scanning the hard copy document using a scanner;
(b) performing deskewing for each image;
(c) performing translational compensation for each image;
(d) selecting two images among the plurality of images that have the highest similarity to each other, the two selected images including a first image and a second image;
(e) dilating the first image;
(f) converting the dilated first image into a binary form;
(g) eroding the converted first image to generate a first processed image;
(h) eroding the second image;
(i) converting the eroded second image into a binary form;
(j) dilating the converted second image to generate a second processed image;
(k) extracting common portions of the first and second processed images to generate a final image; and
(l) storing the final image.
11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein step (b) is performed for each image by detecting a paper edge in the image.
12. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein step (c) is performed by setting one of the plurality of images as a reference image and shifting other ones of the plurality of images with respect to the reference image.
13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein step (d) comprises:
(d1) for each pair of images, calculating a pixel-wise correlation value; and
(d2) selecting a pair of images having a highest correlation value.
14. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein step (d) comprises:
(d1) for each pair of images, calculating a difference image by pixel-wise subtraction and calculating a difference value from the difference image; and
(d2) selecting a pair of images having a lowest difference value.
15. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein each image generated in step (a) is a grayscale image.
16. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein each image generated in step (a) is a color image including a set of color components, and wherein steps (e) through (k) are performed separately for each color component.
17. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the image processing method further comprises:
generating document authentication information based on the final image;
encoding the document authentication information in barcode; and
associating the barcode with the final image.
18. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the hard copy document contains barcode encoding document authentication information, the method further comprising:
extracting the barcode from the final image and obtaining the document authentication information encoded therein; and
authenticating the printed document using the document authentication information.