1. A digital camera, comprising:
a light guide section that defines a space in which a light flux from a photographic lens to an imaging unit is guided;
a mirror unit arranged inside the light guide section, that is adapted to rotate between a viewing position in which the mirror unit is inserted in a photographic light path from the photographic lens to the imaging unit to reflect the light flux and a photographing position in which the mirror unit is retracted from the photographic light path;
a mirror unit control section that controls rotation of the mirror unit;
a rotation instruction section that outputs a signal to rotate the mirror unit while no photography is performed to the mirror unit control section;
an opening section provided in the light guide section that discharges from the light guide section air that is moved by the rotation of the mirror unit;
a shutter arranged between the mirror unit and the imaging unit; and
a shutter control section that controls opening and closing operation of the shutter,
wherein the shutter control section controls the shutter to be changed from a state in which the shutter is closed to a state in which the shutter is opened and then again to a state in which the shutter is closed, during a time between a time before the mirror unit starts rotation from the viewing position to the photographing position and a time before the mirror unit reaches the photographing position after the mirror unit has started rotation from the viewing position to the photographing position.
2. A digital camera according to claim 1, wherein
the photographic lens is detachable from a camera body of the digital camera, and
the rotation instruction section outputs the signal to the mirror unit control section when the photographic lens is attached to the camera body of the digital camera.
3. A digital camera according to claim 1, wherein the rotation instruction section outputs the signal to the mirror unit control section when power of the digital camera is turned ON or turned OFF.
4. A digital camera according to claim 1, further comprising:
an operation member that outputs a rotation command to rotate the mirror unit in response to an operation by a user, wherein
the rotation instruction section outputs the signal to the mirror unit control section in response to the command to rotate the mirror unit, and
the rotation instruction section outputs the signal to the mirror unit control section in response to the rotation command from the operation member.
5. A digital camera according to claim 1, wherein:
the shutter control section controls the shutter to be changed from a state in which the shutter is closed to a state in which the shutter is opened, and thereafter controls the shutter to be changed again to a state in which the shutter is closed before a flow of air toward the imaging unit from a side of the photographic lens generated in the light guide section by rotation of the mirror unit from the viewing position to the photographing position reaches near the shutter, during a time between a time before the mirror unit starts rotation from the viewing position to the photographing position and a time before the mirror unit reaches the photographing position after the mirror unit has started rotation from the viewing position to the photographing position.
6. A digital camera according to claim 1, wherein the opening section is provided at a bottom plane among planes defining the light opening section.
7. A digital camera according to claim 1, wherein the opening section achieves a slit-like form.
8. A digital camera, comprising:
a light guide section that defines a space in which a light flux from a photographic lens to an imaging unit is guided;
a mirror unit arranged inside the light guide section, that is adapted to rotate between a viewing position in which the mirror unit is inserted in a photographic light path from the photographic lens to the imaging unit to reflect the light flux and a photographing position in which the mirror unit is retracted from the photographic light path;
a mirror unit control section that controls rotation of the mirror unit;
a shutter arranged between the mirror unit and the imaging unit;
a shutter control section that controls opening and closing operation of the shutter;
a vibration control section that controls vibration of an optical filter arranged between the shutter and the imaging unit or vibration of the imaging unit;
a mirror unit control section that controls rotation of the mirror unit between the viewing position and the photographing position after the vibration of the optical filter or the imaging unit is operated in a state in which the shutter is opened; and
an opening section provided in the light guide section that discharges from the light guide section air that is moved by the rotation of the mirror unit.
9. A digital camera according to claim 8, wherein after the rotation of the mirror unit is completed, the shutter is closed and the vibration of the optical filter or the imaging unit is stopped.
10. A digital camera according to claim 8, wherein after the vibration of the optical filter or the imaging unit is operated in a state in which the shutter is opened, the shutter is closed and then the rotation of the mirror unit is operated.
11. A digital camera, comprising:
a light guide section that defines a space in which a light flux from a photographic lens to an imaging unit is guided;
a mirror unit arranged inside the light guide section, that is adapted to rotate between a viewing position in which the mirror unit is inserted in a photographic light path from the photographic lens to the imaging unit to reflect the light flux and a photographing position in which the mirror unit is retracted from the photographic light path;
a mirror unit control section that controls rotation of the mirror unit;
a rotation instruction section that outputs a signal to rotate the mirror unit while no photography is performed to the mirror unit control section;
an opening section provided in the light guide section that discharges from the light guide section air that is moved by the rotation of the mirror unit;
a shutter arranged between the mirror unit and the imaging unit, and;
a shutter control section that controls opening and closing operation of the shutter,
wherein the mirror unit control section controls rotation of the mirror unit from the photographing position to the viewing position in a state in which the shutter is opened, and then controls rotation of the mirror unit from the viewing position to the photographing position in a state in which the shutter is closed.
12. A digital camera, comprising:
a light guide section to guide a light flux from a photographic lens to an imaging unit;
a mirror unit arranged inside the light guide section, that is adapted to rotate between a viewing position in which the mirror unit is positioned in a photographic light path from the photographic lens to the imaging unit to reflect the light flux and a photographing position in which the mirror unit is retracted from the photographic light path;
an opening section provided in the light guide section that discharges air that is moved by the rotation of the mirror unit from the light guide section;
a shutter arranged between the mirror unit and the imaging unit; and
a shutter control section that controls an opening operation and a closing operation of the shutter, wherein the shutter control section controls the shutter to be changed from a state in which the shutter is closed to a state in which the shutter is opened and then again to a state in which the shutter is closed, wherein after the shutter has begun to be changed from a state in which the shutter is closed to a state in which the shutter is opened, the mirror unit starts rotation from the viewing position to the photographing position, and wherein the shutter is changed from a state in which the shutter is closed to a state in which the shutter is opened and then again to a state in which the shutter is closed before the mirror unit reaches the photographing position.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A compound having 1-alkoxy substituted hindered amine derivatives where the alkoxy moiety is substituted by one to three hydroxy groups as described in formulas (1) to (15); or to novel compounds having 1-alkoxy bridged hindered amine derivatives where the alkoxy moiety, substituted by one to three hydroxy groups, is shared by two hindered amine molecules as described in formulas (16) to (28); or to oligomeric or polymeric hindered amine molecules made from the reaction of dialkyl esters or isocyanates with hydroxy substituted N-alkoxy derivatives of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine as described in formula (29); or to simple diester or urethane derivatives of hydroxy substituted N-alkoxy derivatives of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine as described in formula (30)
11
wherein
G1 and G2 are independently alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or G1 and G2 together are pentamethylene; preferably G1 and G2 are each methyl;
E is a straight or branched chain alkylene of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkylene of 5 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkenylene of 5 to 18 carbon atoms, a straight or branched chain alkylene of 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted by phenyl or by phenyl substituted by one or two alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
b is 1, 2 or 3 with the proviso that b cannot exceed the number of carbon atoms in E or L, and when b is 2 or 3, each hydroxyl group is attached to a different carbon atoms of E or L; the two hindered amine groups are generally, but not always, attached to two different carbon atoms of L;
in each of the formulas (1) to (15)
m is 0 or 1;
R1 is hydrogen, hydroxyl or hydroxymethyl;
R2 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or alkenyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms;
n is 1 to 4;
when n is 1,
R3 is alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonylalkylenecarbonyl of 4 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, glycidyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxy or 2-(hydroxymethyl) substituted alkyl of 3 to 12 carbon atoms which alkyl is interrupted by oxygen, an acyl radical of an aliphatic or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic or carbamic acid containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an acyl radical of a cycloaliphatic carboxylic or carbamic acid containing 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or acyl radical of an aromatic acid containing 7 to 15 carbon atoms;
when n is 2,
R3 is alkylene of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, a divalent acyl radical of an aliphatic or unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic or dicarbamic acid containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms, a divalent acyl radical of a cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic or dicarbamic acid containing 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or a divalent acyl radical of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid containing 8 to 15 carbon atoms;
when n is 3,
R3 is a trivalent acyl radical of an aliphatic or unsaturated aliphatic tricarboxylic acid containing 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a trivalent acyl radical of an aromatic tricarboxylic acid containing 9 to 15 carbon atoms;
when n is 4,
R3 is a tetravalent acyl radical of an aliphatic or unsaturated aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid, especially 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4-but-2-enetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,5-pentanetetracarboxylic acid and 1,2,4,5-pentanetetracarboxylic acid, or R3 is a tetravalent acyl radical of an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid containing 10 to 18 carbon atoms;
p is 1 to 3,
R4 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or acyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms;
when p is 1,
R5 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an acyl radical of an aliphatic or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic or carbamic acid containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an acyl radical of a cycloaliphatic carboxylic or carbamic acid containing 7 to 12 carbon atoms, an acyl radical of an aromatic carboxylic acid containing 7 to 15 carbon atoms, or R4 and R5 together are (CH2)5CO, phthaloyl or a divalent acyl radical of maleic acid;
when p is 2,
R5 is alkylene of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a divalent acyl radical of an aliphatic or unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic or dicarbamic acid containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms, a divalent acyl radical of a cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic or dicarbamic acid containing 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or a divalent acyl radical of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid containing 8 to 15 carbon atoms;
when p is 3,
R5 is a trivalent acyl radical of an aliphatic or unsaturated aliphatic tricarboxylic acid containing 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a trivalent acyl radical of an aromatic tricarboxylic acid containing 9 to 15 carbon atoms;
when n is 1,
R6 is alkoxy of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyloxy of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, NHalkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or N(alkyl)2 of 2 to 36 carbon atoms,
when n is 2,
R6 is alkylenedioxy of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenylenedioxy of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, NH-alkylene-NH of 2 to 18 carbon atoms or N(alkyl)-alkylene-N(alkyl) of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or R6 is 4-methyl-1,3-phenylenediamino,
when n is 3,
R6 is a trivalent alkoxy radical of a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic triol containing 3 to 18 carbon atoms,
when n is 4,
R6 is a tetravalent alkoxy radical of a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic tetraol containing 4 to 18 carbon atoms,
R7 and R8 are independently chlorine, alkoxy of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, OT1, amino substituted by 2-hydroxyethyl, NH(alkyl) of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, N(alkyl)T1 with alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or N(alkyl)2 of 2 to 36 carbon atoms,
R9 is a divalent oxygen atom, or R9 is a divalent nitrogen atom substituted by either hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or T1
12
R10 is hydrogen or methyl,
q is 2 to 8,
R11 and R12 are independently hydrogen or the group T2
13
R13 is hydrogen, phenyl, straight or branched alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, straight or branched alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted by phenyl, cycloalkyl of 5 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl of 5 to 8 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, glycidyl, allyloxy, straight or branched hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or silyl or silyloxy substituted three times independently by hydrogen, by phenyl, by alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or by alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
R14 is hydrogen or silyl substituted three times independently by hydrogen, by phenyl, by alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or by alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
d is 0 or 1;
h is 0 to 4;
k is 0 to 5;
x is 3 to 6;
y is 1 to 10;
z is an integer such that the compound has a molecular weight of 1000 to 4000 amu,
R15 is morpholino, piperidino, 1-piperizinyl, alkylamino of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, especially branched alkylamino of 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as tert-octylamino, N(alkyl)T1 with alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms substituted by T, or N(alkyl)2 of 2 to 16 carbon atoms,
R16 is hydrogen, acyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, carbamoyl substituted by alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, s-triazinyl substituted once by chlorine and once by R15, or s-triazinyl substituted twice by R15 with the condition that the two R15 substituents may be different;
R17 is chlorine, amino substituted by alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or by T1, N(alkyl)T1 with alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, N(alkyl)2 of 2 to 16 carbon atoms, or the group T3
14
R18 is hydrogen, acyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, carbamoyl substituted by alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, s-triazinyl substituted twice by N(alkyl)2 of 2 to 16 carbon atoms or s-triazinyl substituted twice by N(alkyl)T1 with alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms;
L is straight or branched chain alkylene of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkylene of 5 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkenylene of 5 to 8 carbon atoms, alkenylene of 3 to 18 carbon atoms, a straight or branched chain alkylene of 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted by phenyl or by phenyl substituted by one or two alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in formulas (16) to (28), R1, R2, R7, R8, R9, R10, R13, R14, d, h, k, m, q, and T1 have the same meanings as in formulas (1) to (15);
R19 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, glycidyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxy or 2-(hydroxymethyl) substituted alkyl of 3 to 12 carbon atoms which alkyl is interrupted by oxygen, an acyl radical of an aliphatic or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic or carbamic acid containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an acyl radical of a cycloaliphatic carboxylic or carbamic acid containing 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or acyl radical of an aromatic acid containing 7 to 15 carbon atoms;
R20 is alkylene of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, a divalent acyl radical of an aliphatic or unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic or dicarbamic acid containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms, a divalent acyl radical of a cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic or dicarbamic acid containing 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or a divalent acyl radical of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid containing 8 to 15 carbon atoms;
R21 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or acyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms;
R22 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an acyl radical of an aliphatic or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic or carbamic acid containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an acyl radical of a cycloaliphatic carboxylic or carbamic acid containing 7 to 12 carbon atoms, an acyl radical of an aromatic carboxylic acid containing 7 to 15 carbon atoms, or R4 and R5 together are (CH2)5CO, phthaloyl or a divalent acyl radical of maleic acid;
R23 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or acyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms;
R24 is alkylene of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, a divalent acyl radical of an aliphatic or unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic or dicarbamic acid containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms, a divalent acyl radical of a cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic or dicarbamic acid containing 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or a divalent acyl radical of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid containing 8 to 15 carbon atoms;
R25 is alkoxy of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenyloxy of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, NHalkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or N(alkyl)2 of 2 to 36 carbon atoms,
R26 is alkylenedioxy of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, alkenylenedioxy of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, NH-alkylene-NH of 2 to 18 carbon atoms or N(alkyl)-alkylene-N(alkyl) of 3 to 18 carbon atoms,
in formulas (29) and (30), G is a carbon centered diradical derived from a primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol GOH, where
z is as defined above, and
G is straight or branched chain alkylene of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkylene of 5 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkenylene of 5 to 8 carbon atoms, alkenylene of 3 to 18 carbon atoms, a straight or branched chain alkylene of 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted by phenyl or by phenyl substituted by one or two alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, with the proviso that in formula (29) successive hindered amine moieties can be oriented in either a head to head or head to tail fashion;
15
R27 is a straight or branched chain alkylene of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkylene or cycloalkenylene of 5 to 8 carbon atoms, phenylene or NH-alkylene-NH of 2 to 18 carbon atoms including 5-amino-1-aminomethyl-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane and NH-xylylene-NH;
R28 is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
16
R29 is a straight or branched chain alkyl or NH-alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or NH cycloalkyl of 5 to 8 carbon atoms; and
with the further proviso that in formulas (1) and (2), when b is 1, E is not methyl, ethyl, 2-propyl or 2-methyl-2-propyl.
2. A compound according to claim 1 wherein G1 and G2 are each methyl.
3. A compound according to claim 1 where in formulas (1) to (28), b is 1 or 2,
when b is 1, EOH and LOH are respectively a carbon-centered radical or diradical formed preferably from 2-methyl-2-propanol, 2-propanol, 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-nonanol, 1-decanol, 1-dodecanol, 1-octadecanol, 2-butanol, 2-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, cyclo-octanol, allyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol or 1-phenyl-1-ethanol; most preferably EOH and LOH are formed from 2-methyl-2-propanol or cyclohexanol,
when b is 2, EOH and LOH are respectively a carbon-centered radical or diradical formed preferably from 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanedial, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,3-cyclohexanediol or 1,4-cyclohexanediol;
when b is 3, EOH and LOH are respectively a carbon-centered radical or diradical formed from glycerol, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)methane, 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,2,4-butanetriol or 1,2,6-hexanetriol;
in formulas (29) and (30), GO is formed from ethanol, phenethyl alcohol, cyclohexanol or 2-methyl-2-propanol (tert-butyl alcohol);
in formula (3), m is 0, R1 is hydrogen or hydroxymethyl, and R2 is hydrogen; or m is 1, R1 is hydroxy or hydroxymethyl, and R2 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;
in formula (5), R2 is hydrogen or dodecyl;
in formula (6), n is 1 or 2, and when n is 1, R3 is allyl, glycidyl, acryloyl, methacryloyl, octadecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, tetradecanoyl, methoxycarbonylpropionyl, methoxycarbonylbutyryl, methoxycarbonylpentanoyl or methoxycarbonyinonanoyl; or when n is 2, R3 is succinyl, glutaryl, adipoyl, sebacoyl, 1,6-hexanedicarbamoyl or cis- or trans-5-carbamoyl-1-(carbamoylmethyl)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane;
in formula (7), p is 1 or 2, and when p is 1, R4 is hydrogen and R5 is butyl; or R4 and R5 together are the divalent acyl radical of maleic acid; or when p is 2, R4 is hydrogen or acetyl, and R5 is 1,6-hexanediyl;
in formula (8), n is 1 or 2, and when n is 1, R6 is ethoxy, 6-methyl-1-heptyloxy, ethylamino, butylamino or octylamino; or when n is 2, R6 is 1,2-ethanedioxy, 1,4-butanedioxy, ethylenediamino, hexamethylenediamino or 4-methyl-1,3-phenylenediamino;
in formula (9), R7 and R8 are independently chlorine, octylamino, tert-octylamino or amino substituted by T1 and ethyl, butyl or dodecyl; and R9 is a divalent nitrogen atom substituted by ethyl, butyl or dodecyl;
in formula (10), q is 2, 4 or 6, R7 is chlorine, octylamino, octadecylamino or amino substituted by T1 and ethyl, butyl or dodecyl; and R10 is hydrogen;
in formula (11), n is 3, p is 2, R2 is ethyl, butyl or dodecyl; and one of R11 or R12 is T2, and the other is hydrogen;
in formula (12), k is 3, R9 is a divalent oxygen atom or is a divalent nitrogen atom substituted by ethyl, butyl or dodecyl, R13 is hydrogen or methyl, and when d is 0, x is 5 or 6, and when d is 1, x is 3 or 4;
in formula (13), d is 0 or 1, h is 0-2, k is 0 or 3, y is 1-8, R9 is a divalent oxygen atom or a divalent nitrogen atom substituted by ethyl, butyl or dodecyl, R13 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxy or ethoxy, and R14 is hydrogen or trimethylsilyl;
in formula (14), R9 is a divalent oxygen atom, R10 is hydrogen or methyl, m is 0 and z is an integer such that the molecular weight of the compound is 1500-3000 amu;
in formula (15) q is 6, y is 1-7, R15 is tert-octylamino, morpholino, amino substituted by T1 and butyl, which may also be designated as T1-butylamino, R16 is hydrogen, acetyl, ethylcarbamoyl, 2,4-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazinyl, 2,4-bis(diethylamino)-s-triazinyl, s-triazinyl substituted twice by T1-butylamino or s-triazinyl substituted once by diethylamino or dibutylamino and once by T1-butylamino, R17 is dibutylamino, diethylamino, T1-butylamino or R17 is T3 where R18 is acetyl or ethylcarbamoyl;
in formula (17), m is 0, R1 is hydrogen or hydroxymethyl, and R2 is hydrogen; or m is 1, R1 is hydroxy or hydroxymethyl, and R2 is hydrogen or methyl;
in formula (19), R2 is hydrogen or dodecyl;
in formula (20), R19 is hydrogen, allyl, acryloyl, methacryloyl, octadecanoyl or hexadecanoyl;
in formula (21), R20 is succinyl, glutaryl, adipoyl, sebacoyl, 1,6-hexanedicarbamoyl, or cis- or trans-5-carbamoyl-1-(carbamoylmethyl)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane;
in formula (22), R21 is hydrogen and R22 is hydrogen or butyl; or R21 and R22 together are the divalent acyl radical of maleic acid;
in formula (23), R23 is hydrogen or acetyl, and R24 is ethylene or hexamethylene;
in formula (24), R25 is ethoxy, 6-methyl-1-heptyloxy, ethylamino, butylamino or octylamino;
in formula (25), R26 is 1,2-ethanedioxy, 1-4-butanedioxy, ethylenediamino or hexamethylenediamino;
in formula (26), R7 and R8 are independently chlorine, octylamino, tert-octylamino, octadecylamino, T1-ethylamino, T1-butylamino or T1-dodecylamino, and R9 is a divalent nitrogen atom substituted by ethyl, butyl or dodecyl;
in formula (27), q is 2, 4 or 6, R7 is chlorine, octylamino, octadecylamino, T1-ethylamino, T1-butylamino or T1-dodecylamino, and R10 is hydrogen;
in formula (28), d is 0 or 1, h is 0-2, k is 0 or 3, R9 is a divalent oxygen atom or a divalent nitrogen atom substituted by ethyl, butyl or dodecyl, R13 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxy or ethoxy, and R14 is hydrogen or trimethylsilyl;
in formula (29), R27 is ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, octamethylene, 1,6-diaminohexane or 5-amino-1-aminomethyl-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane; z is an integer such that the molecular weight of the compound is 1500-3000 amu, R28 is methyl or ethyl, and G is ethylene, 1,2-cyclohexanediyl, 1,3-cyclohexanediyl, 1,4-cyclohexanediyl, CH(C6H5)CH2 or CH2C(CH3)2; and
in formula (30), R29 is pentadecyl, heptadecyl, butylamino or cyclohexylamino.
4. A compound according to claim 1 where
in formula (6), when n is 1, R3 is acryloyl, methacrloyl, glycidyl, octadecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, methoxycarbonylpropionyl, methoxycarbonylbutyryl, methoxycarbonylpentanoyl or methoxycarbonylnonanoyl; or when n is 2, R3 is succinyl, glutaryl, adipoyl, sebacoyl, 1,6-hexanedicarbamoyl or cis- or trans-5-carbamoyl-1-(carbamoylmethyl)-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane;
in formula (7), p is 1 or 2, and when p is 1, R4 is hydrogen and R5 is hydrogen or butyl; or when p is 2, R4 is hydrogen, and R5 is 1,6-hexanediyl;
in formula (9), R7 is chlorine, octylamino or T1-butylamino, R8 is chlorine or T1-butylamino, and R9 is a divalent nitrogen atom substituted by butyl;
in formula (10), q is 6, R7 is T1-butylamino; and R10 is hydrogen;
in formula (11), n is 3, p is 2, and one of R11 or R12 is T2, and the other is hydrogen;
in formula (12), k is 3, R9 is a divalent oxygen atom, R13 is hydrogen or methyl, and d is 0, x is 5 or 6, and when d is 1, x is 3 or 4;
in formula (13), d is 0 or 1, h is 0-2, k is 0 or 3, y is 1-8, R9 is a divalent oxygen atom, R13 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxy or ethoxy, and R14 is hydrogen or trimethylsilyl;
in formula (15) q is 6, y is 1-7, R15 is T1-butylamino, R16 is hydrogen, acetyl, ethylcarbamoyl, 2,4-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazinyl, 2,4-bis(diethylamino)-s-triazinyl, s-triazinyl substituted twice by T1-butylamino or s-triazinyl substituted once by diethylamino or dibutylamino and once by T1-butylamino, R17 is dibutylamino, diethylamino, T1-butylamino or R17 is T3 where R18 is acetyl or ethylcarbamoyl;
in formula (20), R19 is hydrogen, octadecanoyl or hexadecanoyl;
in formula (22), R21 is hydrogen and R22 is hydrogen or butyl;
in formula (23), R23 is hydrogen, and R24 is hexamethylene;
in formula (26), R7 is chlorine, octylamino or T1-butylamino, R8 is chlorine or T1-butylamino, and R9 is a divalent nitrogen atom substituted by butyl;
in formula (27), q is 6, R7 is T1-butylamino, and R9 is a divalent nitrogen atom substituted by butyl;
in formula (29), R27 is ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene or octamethylene, z is an integer such that the molecular weight of the compound is 1500 to 2000 amu, and R28 is methyl; and
in formula (30), R29 is pentadecyl or heptadecyl.
5. A compound according to claim 1 wherein the compounds of formulas (1) to (30) where EOH, LOH and GO are formed from 2-methyl-2-propanol (tert-butyl alcohol).
6. A compound according to claim 1 where
in formula (6) when n is 1, R3 is acryloyl, methacryloyl, glycidyl, octadecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, methoxycarbonylpropionyl or methoxycarbonylbutyryl, and when n is 2, R3 is succinyl, glutaryl, adipoyl or sebacoyl;
in formula (7) where R4 is hydrogen, and when p is 1, R5 is hydrogen or butyl, or when p is 2, R5 is hexamethylene;
in formula (9) where R7 is chlorine, octylamino or T1-butylamino, R8 is T1-butylamino, and R9 is a divalent nitrogen atom substituted by butyl;
in formula (10) where q is 6, R7 is T1-butylamino and R10 is hydrogen;
in formula (11) where n is 3, p is 2, one of R11 or R12 is T2 and the other is hydrogen;
in formula (12) where d is 1, k is 3, x is 3 or 4, R9 is divalent oxygen atom, and R13 is methyl;
in formula (13) where k is 3, y is 4-8. R9 is a divalent oxygen atom, R13 is hydrogen or methyl, d and h are 0, R14 is hydrogen, or d is 1 and h is 0, and R14 is trimethylsilyl;
in formula (14) where m is 0, R9 is a divalent oxygen atom, R10 is hydrogen or methyl, and z is an integer such that the molecular weight of the compound is 1500-3000 amu;
in formula (15) where q is 6, y is 1-7, R15 is T1-butylamino, R16 is hydrogen, acetyl, ethylcarbamoyl, 2,4-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazinyl, 2,4-bis(diethylamino)-s-triazinyl, s-triazinyl substituted twice by T1-butylamino or s-triazinyl substituted once by diethylamino or dibutylamino and once by T1-butylamino, R17 is dibutylamino, diethylamino, or T3 where R18 is acetyl or ethylcarbamoyl;
in formula (20) where R19 is hydrogen, octadecanoyl or hexadecanoyl; and
in formula (21) where R20 is succinyl, glutaryl, adipoyl or sebacoyl; and
in formula (30) where R29 is heptadecyl.
7. A compound according to claim 1 wherein the compound of formula (1) to formula (30) is prepared from 2-methyl-2-propanol (tert-butyl alcohol) or cyclohexanol.
8. A compound according to claim 1 which is
(a) bis1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate;
(b) a mixture of bis1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl glutarate and bis1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl adipate;
(c) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine;
(d) bis1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl adipate;
(e) bis1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl glutarate;
(f) bis1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl succinate;
(g) a mixture of bis1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl glutarate and bis1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl succinate;
(h) 1-(4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxy)-2-octadecanoyloxy-2-methylpropane;
(i) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-9-(methoxy-carbonyl)nonanloyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine;
(j) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-5-(methoxy-carbonyl)pentanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine;
(k) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-3-(methoxy-carbonyl)propionyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine;
(l) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-4-(methoxy-carbonyl)butyryloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine;
(m) condensation product of 4-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine with hexamethylene diisocyanate and terminated with methoxy;
(n) condensation product of 4-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine with hexamethylene diisocyanate and terminated with methoxy;
(o) condensation product of 4-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxy-1-phenethoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine with hexamethylene diisocyanate and terminated with methoxy;
(p) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-hexadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine; or
(q) 1-(4-hexadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxy)-2-hexadecanoyloxy-2-methylpropane.
9. A composition which comprises
(a) an organic polymer subject to the adverse effects of heat, oxygen and light, and
(b) an effective stabilizing amount of one or more compounds selected from the compounds of formula (1) to formula (30) as described according to claim 1.
10. A composition according to claim 9 wherein component (a) is a thermoplastic polyolefin, polyester, polyester urethane, polyether urethane or a water-borne coating.
11. A composition according to claim 9 wherein component (a) is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, thermoplastic polyolefin, low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, poly(butene-1), ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer, ethylenepropylene copolymer, copolymers of ethylene or propylene with other alpha-olefins, copolymers of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), copolymers of acrylonitrile and styrene that are impact modified with ethylene-propylene rubber or ethylenepropylenealpha-olefin rubber or butyl acrylate rubber, blends of ABS and polycarbonate, blends of ABS and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(vinyl chloride), copolymers of styrene and butadiene (HIPS), copolymers of styrene and butadiene that also contain ethylene-propylene rubber or ethylenepropylenealpha-olefin rubber or butyl acrylate rubber, thermoplastic elastomers and thermoplastic vulcanizates.
12. A composition according to claim 9 wherein component (a) is a polyester or polyether urethane or water-borne coating.
13. A composition according to claim 9 which additionally contains an effective stabilizing amount of at least one coadditive stabilizer selected from the group consisting of the phenolic antioxidants, metal stearates, metal oxides, organophosphorus compounds, furanone antioxidants, hydroxylamines, UV absorbers, non-NOR hindered amines, NOR hindered amines and mixtures thereof.
14. A composition according to claim 9 which additionally contains a filler.
15. A composition according to claim 14 wherein the filler is calcium carbonate, clay, talc, mica or glass.
16. A composition according to claim 9 wherein component (a) is an agricultural film which is exposed to pesticides.
17. A composition according to claim 9 wherein component (a) is an agricultural film exposed to pesticides, and component (b) additionally contains a metal stearate and zinc oxide.
18. A composition according to claim 9 wherein component (a) is a polyolefin film, fiber or thick section, ABS, high impact polystyrene (HIPS), thermoplastic polyolefin, thermoplastic elastomer or thermoplastic vulcanizate which additionally contains a halogenated flame retardant.
19. A composition according to claim 18 wherein the flame retardant is tris3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl phosphate, decabromodiphenyl oxide, ethylene bis(tetrabromophthalimide) or ethylene bis(dibromonorbomanedicarboximide).
20. A composition according to claim 18 wherein component (a) is polypropylene fiber.
21. A composition according to claim 9 wherein component (a) is polypropylene, polyethylene, thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), ABS or high impact polystyrene (HIPS), and component (b) is an effective synergistic mixture of
(i) a compound of formula (1) to (30) according to claim 9; and
(ii) a flame retardant selected from the group consisting of the halogenated, phosphorus, boron, silicon and antimony compounds, metal hydroxides, metal hydrates, metal oxides and mixtures thereof.
22. A composition according to claim 21 wherein component (a) is polypropylene, polyethylene or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO).
23. A composition according to claim 9 wherein component (a) is a paintable thermoplastic olefin (TPO).
24. A composition according to claim 13 wherein the coadditive stabilizer is a hindered phenolic antioxidant selected from the group consisting of neopentanetetrayl tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5,-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, 1,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyl)hydrazine, calcium bis(monoethyl 3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-phosphonate, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate and 1,3,5-tris(3-hydroxy-4-tert-butyl-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) isocyanurate; or is an organophosphorus stabilizer selected from the group consisting of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl) ethyl phosphite, 2,2,2-nitrilotriethyl-tris-(3,3,5,5-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1-biphenyl-2,2-diyl) phosphite, tetrakis(2,4-di-butylphenyl) 4,4-biphenylenediphosphonite, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythrityl diphosphite, 2,2-ethylidenebis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) fluorophosphite and 2-butyl-2-ethylpropan-1,3-diyl 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl phosphite; or is 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2H-benzofuran-2-one; or is N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine made by the direct oxidation of N,N-di(hydrogenated tallow)amine; or is a hindered amine selected from the group consisting of bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, the polycondensation product of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid, N,N,N,N-tetrakis4,6-bis(butyl-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)amino-s-triazin-2-yl-1,10-diamino-4,7-diazadecane, the polycondensation product of 4,4-hexamethylenebis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-tert-octylamino-s-triazine, the polycondensation product of 4,4-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-morpholino-s-triazine, the polycondensation product of 4,4-hexamethylenebis(amino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-morpholino-s-triazine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octadecanoate, 3-dodecyl-1-(1-acetyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-pyrrolidin-2,5-dione, 1,3,5-trisN-cyclohexyl-N-2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazin-3-on-4-yl)ethylamino-triazine, polymethyl 3-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yloxy)propylsiloxane, the polycondensation product of 2,4-dichloro-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino)-s-triazine, 2,2ethylene-bis2,4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino-s-triazin-6-ylaminotrimethyleneamino, oligomer of N-2-(N-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino-s-triazin-4-yl-N,N-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,6-hexanediamine terminated with 2,4-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazin-6-yl, N,N,N-tris2,4-bisN-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino-s-triazin-6-yl-3,3-ethylenediiminodipropylamine, N,N,N-tris2,4-bisN-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino-s-triazin-6-yl-3,3-ethylenediiminodipropylamine and N,N,N,N-tetrakis2,4-bisN-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino-s-triazin-6-yl-3,3-ethylenediiminodipropylamine; or is another N-hydrocarbyloxy substituted hindered amines selected from the group consisting of bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) adipate, bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) adipate, bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, 1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octadecanoate, N,N,N-tris2,4-bisN-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino-s-triazin-6-yl) 3,3-ethylenediiminodipropylamine, N,N,N-tris2,4-bisN-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin -4-yl)butylamino-s-triazin-6-yl-3,3-ethylenediiminodipropylamine and N,N,N,N-tetrakis2,4-bisN-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino-s-triazin-6-yl-3,3-ethylenediiminodipropylamine; or is a UV absorber selected from the group consisting of 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-a-cumylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 5-chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-3-a-cumyl-5-tert-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone, 2,4-bis(2,4-dimethyphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine, oligomer of N-2-(1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino-s-triazin-4-yl-N,N-bis(1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,6-hexanediamine terminated with 2,4-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazin-6-yl, the condensation product of 2-morpholino-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine with N,N-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,6-hexanediamine; or mixtures thereof.
25. A composition according to claim 24 wherein the coadditive stabilizer is neopentanetetrayl tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine made by the direct oxidation of N,N-di(hydrogenated tallow)amine, N,N,N,N-tetrakis4,6-bis(butyl-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)amino-s-triazin-2-yl-1,10-diamino-4,7-diazadecane, the polycondensation product of 4,4-hexamethylenebis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-tert-octylamino-s-triazine, the polycondensation product of 4,4-hexamethylenebis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-morpholino-s-triazine, the polycondensation product of 4,4-hexamethylenebis(amino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-morpholino-s-triazine, oligomer of N-2-(N-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino-s-triazin-4-yl-N,N-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,6-hexanediamine terminated with 2,4-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazin-6-yl, N,N,N-tris2,4-bisN -(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino-s-triazin-6-yl-3,3-ethylenediiminodipropylamine, N,N,N-tris2,4-bisN-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino-s-triazin-6-yl)3,3-ethylenediiminodipropylamine and N,N,N,N-tetrakis2,4-bisN-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino-s-triazin-6-yl)3,3-ethylenediiminodipropylamine, oligomer of N-2-(1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino-s-triazin-4-yl-N,N-bis(1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,6-hexanediamine terminated with 2,4-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazin-6-yl, or the condensation product of 2-morpholino-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine with N,N-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,6-hexanediamine.
26. A composition according to claim 24 which additionally contains 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-d-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone, 2-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole or mixtures thereof.
27. A composition according to claim 13 wherein the coadditive stabilizer is a UV absorber selected from the group consisting of
(a) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3–cumyl-5-tert-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;
(b) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;
(c) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;
(d) 2,2-methylene-bis6-(5-trifluoromethyl-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-tert-octylphenol;
(e) methylene-2-4-tert-octyl-6-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol2-4-tert-octyl- 6-(5-trifluoromethyl-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol;
(f) 3-(5-trifluoromethyl-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid;
(g) methyl 3-(5-trifluoromethyl-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate;
(h) isooctyl 3-(5-trifluoromethyl-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate;
(i) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-2-hydroxy-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenyl-2H-benzotriazole;
(j) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-2-hydroxy-5-(3-acryloyloxypropyl)phenyl-2H-benzotriazole;
(k) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-2-hydroxy-5-(3-methacryloyloxypropyl)phenyi-2H-benzotriazole;
(l) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-2-hydroxy-5-(3-acrylylaminopropyl)phenyl-2H-benzotriazole;
(m) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-2-hydroxy-5-(3-methacrylylaminopropyl)phenyl-2H-benzotriazole;
(n) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3–cumyl-5-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;
(o) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3–cumyl-5-nonylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;
(p) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-2-hydroxy-3–cumyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl-2H-benzotriazole;
(q) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-2-hydroxy-3–cumyl-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenyl-2H-benzotriazole;
(r) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;
(s) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;
(t) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyl-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;
(u) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;
(v) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl-2 H-benzotriazole;
(w) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-2-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl-2H-benzotriazole;
(x) 5-trifluoromethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di–cumylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;
(y) 5-fluoro -2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di–cumylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;
(z) 5-butylsulfonyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-a-cumylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;
(aa) 5-butylsulfonyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;
(bb) 5-butylsulfonyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole; and
(cc) 5-phenylsulfonyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole.
28. A composition according to claim 9 which is a stabilized stoving lacquer wherein component (a) is an acid catalyzed resin based on hot crosslinkable, acrylic, acrylic melamine, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide or alkyd resin.
29. A composition according to claim 28 which additionally contains a UV absorber.
30. A composition according to claim 28 which is an enamel of high solids content for industrial finishes.
31. A composition according to claim 28 which is a finishing enamel for automobiles.
32. A composition according to claim 9 which is a stabilized ambient curable composition wherein component (a) is a resin selected from the group consisting of unmodified or modified alkyd resin, acrylic resin, acrylic alkyd resin, polyester resin or crosslinkable epoxide resin.
33. A composition according to claim 32 wherein the resin is selected from the group consisting of unmodified alkyl, acrylic, acrylic alkyd or polyester resins; said resins modified with silicon, isocyanates, isocyanurates, ketimines or oxazolidines; crosslinked epoxy resins; and epoxy-crosslinked acrylic and polyester resins.
34. A composition according to claim 32 which is an enamel of high solids content for industrial finishes.
35. A composition according to claim 32 which is a finishing enamel for automobiles.
36. A composition according to claim 9 which is a curable electrocoat composition wherein component (a) is an amino-group containing resin having functional groups that are reactive with an isocyanate and an aromatic polyisocyanate crosslinking agent.
37. A composition according to claim 9 which is a non-gelling liquid coating composition wherein component (a) comprises (A) at least one acrylic monomer, (B) silica and (C) at least one initiator for ultraviolet radication-induced curing of said composition.
38. A composition according to claim 37 which contains a silyl acrylate, a polyfunctional acrylate, silica and a photoinitiator.