1. A method of managing a memory device having a plurality of flash memory chips, each provided with a plurality of blocks, a free block of the blocks being used for writing new data, a block having old data replaced by the new data being erased by a unit of one block, the method comprising:
writing the new data into one of the flash memory chips, wherein logical addresses are fixedly assigned to the flash memory chips, so that one of the flash memory chips to which a logical address of the new data is assigned, is invariably used for writing the new data, such that a physical location of the new data written is always in said same one of the flash memory chips.
2. A method of managing a memory device comprising:
fixedly assigning logical addresses to flash memory chips of the memory device; and
writing new data of a specific logical address into a respective flash memory chip of the flash memory chips to which the specific logical address is fixedly assigned, such that the respective flash memory chip is a same flash memory chip for a given new data, and a physical address of the new data written is always in the respective flash memory chip.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
writing the given new data into blocks of the flash memory chip, by shifting a designated block within the flash memory chip.
4. A memory device comprising:
a plurality of flash memory chips, each chip comprising a plurality of blocks, wherein a free block of the blocks being used for writing new data; and
means for fixedly assigning logical addresses to the flash memory chips, and writing new data of a specific logical address into a respective flash memory chip of the flash memory chips to which the specific logical address is fixedly assigned, such that the respective flash memory chip is a same flash memory chip for a given new data, a physical location of the new data written is always in the respective flash memory chip.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A pneumatic tire comprising:
a tread portion;
a pair of sidewall portions;
a pair of bead portions each with a bead core therein;
a carcass having a main portion extending between the bead portions;
a belt disposed radially outside the carcass in the tread portion;
a bead apex disposed in each said bead portion and extending radially outwardly from the bead core, wherein the radial height h1 of the radially outer edge of the bead apex rubber is not more than 28% of the tire section height H, each from the bead base line; and
a sidewall reinforcing rubber layer disposed in each said sidewall portion and extending along the carcass main portion at least between a radial position corresponding to the radial position of the radially outer edge of the bead apex rubber and an axial position corresponding to the axial position of the axially outer edge of the belt, wherein the sidewall reinforcing rubber layer has a thickness in a range of from 0.5 to 1.5 mm, and a complex elastic modulus E* in a range of from 13 to 16 MPa.
2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein
the sidewall reinforcing rubber layer is disposed along the axially outside of the carcass main portion.
3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein
the sidewall reinforcing rubber layer is disposed along the axially inside of the carcass main portion.
4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein
the sidewall reinforcing the rubber layer overlaps with the bead apex and the belt.
5. The pneumatic tire according to claim 4, wherein
an overlap of the sidewall reinforcing rubber layer with the bead apex is not more than 15 mm when measured in the radial direction.
6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 4, wherein
an overlap of the sidewall reinforcing rubber layer with the belt is not more than 25 mm when measured in the tire axial direction.
7. The pneumatic tire according to claim 4, wherein
the sidewall reinforcing rubber layer is disposed along the axially outside of the carcass main portion.
8. The pneumatic tire according to claim 4, wherein
the sidewall reinforcing rubber layer is disposed along the axially inside of the carcass main portion.