1. An engine system comprising:
an engine;
a fuel tank to store a pre-reformed fuel; and
a reformer to reform the pre-reformed fuel,
wherein a reformed fuel which is reformed by the reformer is supplied to a cylinder of the engine, the reformer is attached to an exhaust pipe of the engine, the reformed fuel is supplied to the cylinder of the engine from an exhaust valve of the engine, an exhaust gas backflow preventer is installed in the exhaust pipe at a downstream side of the reformer, and an adjustment valve, which is adjusted to be mechanically opened at a differential pressure equal to or more than a predetermined differential pressure, is installed at a pipe to connect the fuel tank to the reformer,
wherein the adjustment valve is configured to be mechanically opened under a negative pressure generated in the reformer by a suction stroke of the cylinder of the engine to supply the pre-reformed fuel from the fuel tank to the reformer.
2. The engine system of claim 1, wherein
a supply amount of the pre-reformed fuel to the reformer, and a supply amount of the reformed fuel to the engine are controlled by adjusting an openclose timing or an openclose lift amount of the exhaust valve of the engine.
3. The engine system of claim 1, wherein
a supply amount of the reformed fuel to the engine is controlled by adjusting a supply amount of the pre-reformed fuel to the reformer using the adjustment valve.
4. The engine system of claim 1,
wherein the engine further comprises a suction pipe including an air flow adjustment unit installed therein,
wherein the air flow adjustment unit is configured to control an amount of air to be supplied to the engine for an air excess coefficient to be 1 or less.
5. The engine system of claim 1, wherein the pipe which connects the fuel tank to the reformer is connected to the exhaust pipe of the engine.
6. The engine system of claim 5, wherein the pipe is connected to the exhaust pipe at an upstream side of the exhaust gas backflow preventer.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A beam shaping means for an external andor roof antenna on vehicles, comprising:
an antenna mounting region or portion for being disposed at an electrically non-conductive region of a vehicle structure, in the form of a glass window, an antenna mounting region or portion,
the antenna mounting region or portion comprising a counterweight surface attached to the electrically non-conductive region of the vehicle structure,
the beam shaping means being configured as a parasitic beam shaping means,
the parasitic beam shaping means being configured at a distance below the upper or outer surface of the electrically non-conductive region of the vehicle structure,
the parasitic beam shaping means being configured, provided or attached in the material of the electrically non-conductive region of the vehicle structure or at the underside or inside of the electrically non-conductive region of the vehicle structure,
the parasitic beam shaping means being arranged andor configured in such a way that it, viewed from above, protrudes laterally beyond, at least in certain portions, the antenna mounting region or portion andor an optionally provided counterweight surface andor is arranged laterally thereto.
2. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parasitic beam shaping mean is arranged andor configured asymmetrically to a vertical plane of symmetry running in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
3. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parasitic beam shaping means is arranged andor configured symmetrically to a vertical plane of symmetry running in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
4. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parasitic beam shaping means is of a design andor size which differ as a function of the vehicle.
5. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parasitic beam shaping means consists of or comprises a grid structure extending in a substantially planar manner.
6. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 5, wherein the grid structure consists of at least two parallel grids which are arranged in an intersecting orientation, the grids and being connected in an electrically conductive manner at the points of intersection.
7. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 5, wherein the grid structure comprising an electrically conductive line grid.
8. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 5, wherein the grid structure comprises a point grid.
9. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 5, wherein the grid structure is constructed in such a way that the holes, recesses or spacings thus formed between the individual portions of the grid structure are smaller than 10 mm.
10. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 5, wherein the grid structure is formed in such a way that the holes or spacings between the electrically conductive individual grid elements are larger than 0.2 mm.
11. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parasitic beam shaping means comprising a closed area or substantially closed area having elevated conductivity, in the form of a planar metal coating, a metal foil or a foil coated with metal, or an electrically conductive screen printed surface.
12. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parasitic beam shaping means comprises a plurality of parasitic radiator partial surfaces or partial beam shaping means.
13. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 12, wherein the parasitic beam shaping means have or comprises at least partly different grid structures andor at least one parasitic partial beam shaping means in the form of a closed radiation surface or a closed radiation surface portion having elevated electrical conductivity.
14. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 12, wherein the parasitic beam shaping means are not electrically connected to one another.
15. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one parasitic beam shaping means comprises an additional, separate recess which is larger than the grid structure provided.
16. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one parasitic beam shaping means has an n-polygonal outline andor convex and concave outline delimiting lines.
17. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrically non-conductive region of the vehicle structure consists of a glass window, in the form of a glass roof or a rear window.
18. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 1, further including a counterweight surface which also comprises the antenna mounting region or portion, the counterweight surface being provided in the form of a glass window on the outside of the electrically non-conductive region of the vehicle structure.
19. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 18, wherein the parasitic beam shaping means extends to below the region of the counterweight surface or begins at the transition region or laterally offset therefrom and is arranged next to the counterweight surface.
20. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 1, wherein the counterweight surface is arranged in a cutout in the electrically non-conductive material of the vehicle structure, in the form of a glass window, so that the upper side of the counterweight surface and the upper side of the electrically non-conductive material are flush with each other, in the form of the glass window, the parasitic beam shaping means beginning lying at the circumferential edge of the counterweight surface or laterally offset therefrom.
21. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parasitic beam shaping means has a thickness corresponding to less than 50% of the electrically non-conductive region of the vehicle structure.
22. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parasitic beam shaping means is embedded by the manufacturer in electrically non-conductive materials of the vehicle structure, adjacent to or set apart from an intermediate layer provided in the electrically non-conductive material.
23. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between an antenna mounting region or portion or the center thereof and the most remote portion on the parasitic beam shaping means is 40 cm or less.
24. A vehicle antenna, in particular a motor vehicle antenna, which can be constructed or is constructed on the upper side or outside at an electrically non-conductive portion of a vehicle structure, wherein the external or roof antenna can be constructed or is constructed on an electrically non-conductive portion of the vehicle structure comprising a parasitic beam shaping means as claimed in claim 1.
25. The vehicle antenna as claimed in claim 25, wherein the antenna sits on a counterweight surface arranged above the parasitic beam shaping means as claimed in claim 1.
26. The vehicle antenna as claimed in claim 24, wherein the counterweight surface is formed by the chassis of the external andor roof antenna.
27. The vehicle antenna as claimed in claim 24, wherein the maximum distance between an external andor roof antenna and the parasitic beam shaping means is at most 40 cm.
28. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 5, wherein the grid structure is constructed in such a way that the holes, recesses or spacings thus formed between the individual portions of the grid structure are smaller than 8 mm.
29. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 5, wherein the grid structure is constructed in such a way that the holes, recesses or spacings thus formed between the individual portions of the grid structure are smaller than 5 mm.
30. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 5, wherein the grid structure is constructed in such a way that the holes, recesses or spacings thus formed between the individual portions of the grid structure are smaller than 2 mm.
31. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 5, wherein the grid structure is formed in such a way that the holes or spacings between the electrically conductive individual grid elements are larger than 0.5 mm.
32. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 5, wherein the grid structure is formed in such a way that the holes or spacings between the electrically conductive individual grid elements are larger than 1 mm.
33. The beam shaping means as claimed in claim 5, wherein the grid structure is formed in such a way that the holes or spacings between the electrically conductive individual grid elements are larger than 1.5 mm.