1-11. (canceled)
12. A muffler for use in an exhaust system, said muffler including: a body; and a flapper finger valve assembly arranged within said body.
13. The muffler of claim 12 wherein said flapper finger valve assembly having a tube with a plurality of orifices therethrough.
14. The muffler of claim 13 wherein said flapper finger valve assembly having a plurality of flapper finger valves arranged around an outer surface of said tube, said flapper finger valves covering said orifices when said flapper finger valve assembly is in a closed position.
15. The muffler of claim 14 wherein said flapper finger valve assembly having a plurality of relief backers arranged around said flapper finger valves, said backers will control a maximum distance of radial movement in an outward direction for said flapper finger valve.
16. The muffler of claim 15 wherein said flapper finger valves and said relief backers are secured to an outer surface of said tube.
17. The muffler of claim 16 wherein said flapper finger valves having a predetermined thickness and spring coefficient, said flapper finger valves will open or move radially away from said tube at predetermined exhaust pressures.
18. The muffler of claim 17 wherein said flapper finger valves being electronically controlled or tunable.
19. The muffler of claim 12 wherein a plurality of said flapper finger valve assemblies are arranged within a reduced size muffler in parallel or series.
20. (canceled)
21. A flapper valve for controlling axial leakage through openings in an exhaust system tube, said flapper valve comprising a generally flat strip of spring material having first and second ends with a first portion including said first end, and a second portion including said second end and extending in a first direction from said first end, said second portion being cantilevered with respect to said first portion with first and second portions forming a continuous arcuate structure extending along an arc of at least about 90 degrees.
22. The flapper valve of claim 21, further comprising a third end and a third portion including said third end and extending in a second opposite direction from said first portion, said third portion being cantilevered with respect to said first portion, said first, second, and third portions forming a continuous arcuate structure extending along an arc of at least about 180 degrees, and said first portion being intermediate said second and third portions.
23. The flapper valve of claim 21, wherein said first portion comprises an orifice through a surface thereof for connection of said flapper valve to an exhaust tube.
24. The flapper valve of claim 22, wherein said first portion comprises an orifice through a surface thereof for connection of said flapper valve to an exhaust tube.
25. The flapper valve of claim 21, wherein said flapper valve has a generally C-shape.
26. The flapper valve of claim 22, wherein said flapper valve has a generally C-shape.
27. The flapper valve of claim 23, wherein said flapper valve has a generally C-shape.
28. The flapper valve of claim 24, wherein said flapper valve has a generally C-shape.
29. A flapper valve for controlling axial leakage through openings in an exhaust system tube, said flapper valve comprising a generally flat strip of spring material having first and second ends with a first portion including said first end, and a second portion including said second end and extending in a first direction from said first end, said second portion being cantilevered with respect to said first portion with first and second portions forming a continuous C-shaped structure.
30. The flapper valve of claim 29, further comprising a third end and a third portion including said third end and extending in a second opposite direction from said first portion, said third portion being cantilevered with respect to said first portion, said first, second, and third portions forming a continuous C-shaped structure.
31. The flapper valve of claim 29, wherein said C-shaped flapper valve structure extends along an arc greater than about 90 degrees.
32. The flapper valve of claim 30, wherein said C-shaped flapper valve structure extends along an arc greater than about 180 degrees.
33. The flapper valve of claim 29, wherein said first portion comprises an orifice through a surface thereof for connection of said flapper valve to an exhaust tube.
34. The flapper valve of claim 30, wherein said first portion comprises an orifice through a surface thereof for connection of said flapper valve to an exhaust tube.
35. The flapper valve of claim 31, wherein said first portion comprises an orifice through a surface thereof for connection of said flapper valve to an exhaust tube.
36. The flapper valve of claim 32, wherein said first portion comprises an orifice through a surface thereof for connection of said flapper valve to an exhaust tube.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
We claim:
1. A compound of formula 1
5
wherein:
R1 is
C7-C22-alkyl;
C4-C20-alkoxy-, C6-C10-aryl-, C6-C10-aryloxy- or C4-C12-alkoxy-C2-C4-alkoxy-substituted C2-C4-alkyl, wherein the aryl is a phenyl or naphthyl that is substitued one or more times by halogen, C1-C9-alkyl, C1-C8-alkyloxy, nitro or CF3;
C7-C20-alkenyl;
3-cholestan-3-yl; or
phenyl that is substituted by C6-C12-alkyl or phenoxy;
and
R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each, independently,
hydrogen;
halogen;
nitro;
amino;
CF3;
OCF3;
C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C9-alkyloxy, C6-C10-aryl-C1-C4-alkyloxy, C6-C10-aryloxy, C6-C10-aryl, C1-C4-alkylamino, di-C1-C4-alkyl-amino, or C1-C4-alkylcarbonylamino, wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted one or more times by halogen, hydroxy, di-C1-C4-alkylamino, CF3, C1-C4-alkyloxy or C1-C4-alkyl, and the aryl is optionally substituted one or more times by halogen, C1-C9-alkyl, C1-C8-alkyloxy or CF3; or
C3-C8-cycloalkyl or C3-C8-cycloalkyloxy, wherein the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted one or more times by halogen, CF3, C1-C4-alkyloxy, C1-C4-alkyl or C6-C10-aryl;
or a prodrug, solvate, pharmaceutically acceptable basic salt or acid addition salt thereof.
2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is C7-C22-alkyl, C7-C20-alkenyl, 3-cholestan-3-yl, or phenyl that is substituted by C6-C12-alkyl or by phenoxy.
3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4-alkyl or C1-C9-alkyloxy.
4. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 is hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, OCF3, or C6-C10-aryl-C1-C4-alkyloxy, wherein the aryl is optionally substituted by halogen.
5. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is hydrogen, OCF3 or chlorophenoxy.
6. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R5 is hydrogen.
7. A compound according to claim 1, wherein:
R1 is C7-C22-alkyl, C7-C20-alkenyl, 3-cholestan-3-yl, or phenyl that is substituted by C6-C12-alkyl or by phenoxy;
R2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4-alkyl or C1-C9-alkyloxy;
R3 is hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, OCF3, or C6-C10-aryl-C1-C4-alkyloxy, wherein the aryl is optionally substituted by halogen;
R4 is hydrogen, OCF3 or chlorophenoxy; and
R5 is hydrogen.
8. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is C8-C16-alkyl.
9. A compound according to claim 1, wherein
R1 is C8-C16-alkyl;
R2 is hydrogen;
R3 is hydrogen or OCF3;
R4 is hydrogen, OCF3 or 4-chlorophenoxy; and
R5 is hydrogen.
10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of formula 1 as claimed in claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
11. A method for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity, in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of formula 1 as claimed in claim 1.
12. A method for inhibiting pancreatic lipase, in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a pharmaceutically effective amount of a compound of formula 1 as claimed in claim 1.