1. A digital television (DTV) transmitting system for processing broadcast data, the DTV transmitting system comprising:
a pre-processor configured to pre-process enhanced data and to output enhanced data packets including a known data sequence;
a multiplexer configured to multiplex the enhanced data packets with main data packets;
a first Reed-Solomon (RS) encoder configured to code the multiplexed data packets by adding systematic parity data to each main data packet and adding first non-systematic parity data to each enhanced data packet;
a trellis encoding module configured to perform trellis encoding on the RS-encoded main and enhanced data packets, wherein the trellis encoding module is configured to generate initialization data to initialize at least one of memories included in the trellis encoding module when the known data sequence is inputted from the first RS encoder;
a second Reed-Solomon (RS) encoder configured to remove the first parity data from an enhanced data packet outputted from the first RS encoder and including the known data sequence, to replace a portion of the known data sequence with the initialization data, and generating second non-systematic parity data based on the enhance data packet including the replaced initialization data; and
a parity replacer configured to replace the first parity data in an enhanced data packet outputted from the first RS encoder with the second parity data.
2. The DTV transmitting system of claim 1, wherein the trellis encoding module comprises:
a trellis encoder having the plurality of memories for performing trellis encoding on the RS-encoded main and enhanced data packets; and
an initialization data generator configured to generate the initialization data required to initialize at least one of the memories.
3. The DTV transmitting system of claim 2, wherein the portion of the known data sequence replaced with the initialization data is initialization data location holders.
4. The DTV transmitting system of claim 2, wherein the trellis encoder comprises:
a first and a second memory configured to perform trellis encoding on a lower input bit and to output a first and a second encoded bit; and
a third memory configured to perform pre-coding on a upper input bit and to output a third encoded bit, wherein the first and second memories are initialized when the known data sequence is inputted to the trellis encoding module from the first RS encoder.
5. The DTV transmitting system of claim 2, wherein the trellis encoder comprises:
a first and a second memory configured to perform trellis encoding on a lower input bit and to output a first and a second encoded bit; and
a third memory configured to perform pre-coding on a upper input bit and to output a third encoded bit, wherein the first, second, and third memories are initialized when the known data sequence is inputted to the trellis encoding module from the first RS encoder.
6. The DTV transmitting system of claim 1, further comprising an interleaver configured to interleave the enhanced data packet outputted from the first RS encoder and to output the interleaved data packet to the parity replacer and the second RS encoder.
7. A method of processing broadcast data in a digital television (DTV) transmitting system, the method comprising:
pre-processing enhanced data and generating enhanced data packets including a known data sequence;
multiplexing the enhanced data packets with main data packets;
Reed-Solomon (RS) coding the multiplexed data packets in a first RS encoder by adding systematic parity data to each main data packet and adding first non-systematic parity data to each enhanced data packet;
performing trellis encoding on the RS-coded data packets in a trellis encoding module;
generating initialization data to initialize at least one of memories included in the trellis encoding module when the known data sequence is inputted to the trellis encoding module;
removing the first parity data from an enhanced data packet outputted from the first RS encoder and including the known data sequence, replacing a portion of the known data sequence with the initialization data, and generating second non-systematic parity data in a second RS encoder based on the enhanced data packet including the replaced initialization data; and
replacing the first parity data in the enhanced data packet outputted from the first RS encoder with the second parity data.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the portion of the known data sequence replaced with the initialization data is initialization data location holders.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein performing trellis encoding on the RS-coded data packets in a trellis encoding module comprises:
performing trellis encoding on a lower input bit to generate a first and second encoded bit using a first and a second memory; and
performing pre-coding on an upper input bit and to output a third encoded bit, wherein the first and second memories are initialized when the known data sequence is inputted to the trellis encoding module.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein performing trellis encoding on the RS-coded data packets in a trellis encoding module comprises:
performing trellis encoding on a lower input bit to generate a first and second encoded bit using a first and a second memory; and
performing pre-coding on an upper input bit and to output a third encoded bit, wherein the first, second, and third memories are initialized when the known data sequence is inputted to the trellis encoding module.
11. A digital television (DTV) receiving system for processing broadcast data, the DTV receiving system comprising:
a first known data detector configured to detect a location of a first known data sequence in a broadcast signal by calculating a first correlation value between the broadcast signal and a first reference known data sequence;
a second known data detector configured to detect a location of a second known data sequence in the broadcast signal by calculating a second correlation value between the broadcast signal and a second reference known data sequence; and
a first selector configured to select the location information detected by one of the first and second known data detectors with a greater correlation value.
12. The DTV receiving system of claim 11, wherein the first reference known data sequence is a known data sequence generated based on an assumption that an initial state of a memory included in a trellis encoder of a transmitting system for pre-coding is 0, and the second reference known data sequence is a known data sequence generated based on an assumption that the initial state of the memory is 1.
13. The DTV receiving system of claim 11, wherein the first known data detector further estimates a first frequency offset value based on the first correlation value, and the second known data detector further estimates a second frequency offset value based on the second correlation value.
14. The DTV receiving system of claim 11, wherein the selector compares peak values of the first and second correlation values and selects the location information detected by one of the first and second known data detectors with a greater peak value.
15. The DTV receiving system of claim 11, wherein each of the first and second known data detectors comprises:
a plurality of partial correlation units, each of which decimates data in the broadcast signal with a rate of 1N for a corresponding sampling phase and calculating a correlation value and a frequency offset value of the decimated data; and
a second selector configured to determine the location of the first or second known data sequence by selecting a maximum correlation value of the decimated data.
16. The DTV receiving system of claim 15, wherein each partial correlation unit comprises a partial correlator divides a reference known data sequence into a plurality of sections, calculates a correlation value between each divided section with a corresponding portion of the broadcast signal.
17. A method of processing broadcast data in a digital television (DTV) receiving system, the method comprising:
detecting a location of a first known data sequence in a broadcast signal by calculating a correlation value between the broadcast signal and a first reference known data sequence;
detecting a location of a second known data sequence in the broadcast signal by calculating a correlation value between the broadcast signal and a second reference known data sequence; and
selecting the location of one of the first or second known data sequence having a greater correlation value.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first reference known data sequence is a known data sequence generated based on an assumption that an initial state of a memory included in a trellis encoder for pre-coding is 0, and the second reference known data sequence is a known data sequence generated based on an assumption that the initial state of the memory is 1.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein further comprising:
estimating a first frequency offset value based on the first correlation value; and
estimating a second frequency offset value based on the second correlation value.
20. The method of claim 17, wherein selecting the location of the first or second known data sequence having a greater correlation value comprises:
comparing peak values of the first and second correlation values; and
selecting the location of one of the first or second data sequence with a greater peak value.
21. The method of claim 17, wherein detecting a location of a first known data sequence in a broadcast signal comprises:
decimating data in the broadcast signal with a rate of 1N for each sampling phase and calculating a correlation value and a frequency offset value of the decimated data; and
determining the location of the first known data sequence by selecting a maximum correlation value of the decimated data.
22. The method of claim 17, wherein detecting a location of a second known data sequence in the broadcast signal comprises:
decimating data in the broadcast signal with a rate of 1N for each sampling phase and calculating a correlation value and a frequency offset value of the decimated data; and
determining the location of the second known data sequence by selecting a maximum correlation value of the decimated data.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip for electrically connecting an analyte to electrodes formed on a surface of a transducer, comprising:
an insulation sheet having an insulating property and including a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to each other in a thickness direction; and
electrode members having a conductivity and held by the insulation sheet with the electrode members piercing the insulation sheet in a thickness direction, one ends of the electrode members located on the top surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to the analyte, the other ends located on the bottom surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to the electrodes of the transducer.
2. The electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip according to claim 1, wherein the other ends of the electrode members each have a projecting portion protruding from the bottom surface of the insulation sheet.
3. The electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip according to claim 2, wherein at least the projecting portion of the electrode members has elasticity.
4. The electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip according to claim 1, wherein the insulation sheet has elasticity.
5. The electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip according to claim 4, wherein the bottom surface of the insulation sheet has an adhesion.
6. The electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip according to claim 1, wherein the electrode members are in intimate contact with the insulation sheet so that a liquid sample containing the analyte does not leak to the bottom surface side of the insulation sheet.
7. The electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip according to claim 1, wherein the one ends of the electrode members are covered by a conductive biocompatible coating.
8. The electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip according to claim 1, further comprising a liquid reservoir member provided on a periphery of the top surface of the insulation sheet.
9. The electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip according to claim 1, further comprising a rigid frame attached to a periphery of the bottom surface of the insulation sheet.