1. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
generating, by an apparatus, an aggregated media access control protocol data unit (A-MPDU) frame comprising a plurality of media access control protocol data unit (MPDU) frames, wherein a first MPDU frame of the plurality of MPDU frames is intended for at least a first device of a first type and a second MPDU frame of the plurality of MPDU frames is intended for at least a second device of a second type; and
inserting a value that is not defined for the second device into a media access control (MAC) header field of the first MPDU frame intended for the first device or the second MPDU frame intended for the second device.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first MPDU frame intended for the first device is inserted before the second MPDU frame intended for the second device in the A-MPDU frame.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first MPDU frame intended for the first device is inserted after the second MPDU frame intended for the second device in the A-MPDU frame.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the MAC header field is a reserved field in a delimiter field of the second MPDU frame intended for the second device.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the MAC header field is an address field and the value comprises a broadcast address associated with at least the first device.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the MAC header field is a frame check sequence field of the first MPDU frame intended for the first device; and wherein inserting the value that is not defined for the second device further comprises modifying a value of one or more bits of a frame check sequence that is defined for the second device to generate the value that is not defined for the second device.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the MAC header field is a frame control field of the first MPDU frame intended for the first device and wherein the value indicates a type of MPDU frame that is not defined for the second device.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device is configured to communicate according to at least a first wireless communication protocol and the second device is configured to communicate according to at least a second wireless communication protocol and not the first wireless communication protocol.
9. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a processor configured to:
generate an aggregated media access control protocol data unit (A-MPDU) frame comprising a plurality of media access control protocol data unit (MPDU) frames, wherein a first MPDU frame of the plurality of MPDU frames is intended for at least a first device of a first type and a second MPDU frame of the plurality of MPDU frames is intended for at least a second device of a second type;
insert a value that is not defined for the second device into a media access control (MAC) header field of the first MPDU frame intended for the first device or the second MPDU frame intended for the second device; and
a transmitter configured to transmit the A-MPDU frame.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to insert the first MPDU frame intended for the first device before the second MPDU frame intended for the second device in the A-MPDU frame.
11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to insert the first MPDU frame intended for the first device after the second MPDU frame intended for the second device in the A-MPDU frame.
12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the MAC header field is a reserved field in a delimiter field of the second MPDU frame intended for the second device.
13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the MAC header field is an address field, the value comprising a broadcast address associated with at least the first device.
14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the MAC header field is a frame check sequence field of the first MPDU frame intended for the first device and the processor is further configured to modify a value of one or more bits of a frame check sequence that is defined for the second device to generate the value that is not defined for the second device.
15. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the MAC header field is a frame control field of the first MPDU frame intended for the first device, the value indicating a type of MPDU frame that is not defined for the second device.
16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising code that, when executed, causes an apparatus to:
generate an aggregated media access control protocol data unit (A-MPDU) frame comprising a plurality of media access control protocol data unit (MPDU) frames, wherein a first MPDU frame of the plurality of MPDU frames is intended for at least a first device of a first type and a second MPDU frame of the plurality of MPDU frames is intended for at least a second device of a second type; and
insert a value that is not defined for the second device into a media access control (MAC) header field of the first MPDU frame intended for the first device or the second MPDU frame intended for the second device.
17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the code, when executed, causes the apparatus to insert the first MPDU frame intended for the first device before the second MPDU frame intended for the second device in the A-MPDU frame.
18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the code, when executed, causes the apparatus to insert the first MPDU frame intended for the first device after the second MPDU frame intended for the second device in the A-MPDU frame.
19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the MAC header field is a reserved field in a delimiter field of the second MPDU frame intended for the second device.
20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the MAC header field is an address field, the value comprising a broadcast address associated with at least the first device.
21. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the code, when executed, causes the apparatus to modify a value of one or more bits of a frame check sequence that is defined for the second device to generate the value that is not defined for the second device, and wherein the MAC header field is a frame check sequence field of the first MPDU frame intended for the first device.
22. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the MAC header field is a frame control field of the first MPDU frame intended for the first device, and the value indicates a type of MPDU frame that is not defined for the second device.
23. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the first device is configured to communicate according to at least a first wireless communication protocol and the second device is configured to communicate according to at least a second wireless communication protocol and not the first wireless communication protocol.
24. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
means for generating an aggregated media access control protocol data unit (A-MPDU) frame comprising a plurality of media access control protocol data unit (MPDU) frames, wherein a first MPDU frame of the plurality of MPDU frames is intended for at least a first device of a first type and a second MPDU frame of the plurality of MPDU frames is intended for at least a second device of a second type;
means for inserting a value that is not defined for the second device into a media access control (MAC) header field of the first MPDU frame intended for the first device or the second MPDU frame intended for the second device; and
means for transmitting the A-MPDU frame.
25. The apparatus of claim 24, further comprising means for inserting the first MPDU frame intended for the first device before the second MPDU frame intended for the second device in the A-MPDU frame.
26. The apparatus of claim 24, further comprising means for inserting the first MPDU frame intended for the first device after the second MPDU frame intended for the second device in the A-MPDU frame.
27. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the MAC header field is a reserved field in a delimiter field of the second MPDU frame intended for the second device.
28. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the MAC header field is an address field, and the value comprises a broadcast address associated with at least the first device.
29. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the MAC header field is a frame check sequence field of the first MPDU frame intended for the first device, the apparatus further comprising means for modifying a value of one or more bits of a frame check sequence that is defined for the second device to generate the value that is not defined for the second device.
30. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the MAC header field is a frame control field of the first MPDU frame intended for the first device, the value indicating a type of MPDU frame that is not defined for the second device.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A power system, comprising:
(a) a power converter adapted for converting a first input voltage at an input thereof to a first output voltage at an output thereof; and
(b) a hold-up time extension circuit comprising a step-up stage and a step-down stage coupled to each other via a first energy-storage capacitor, an input of the step-up stage being coupled to the input of the power converter, an output of the step-up stage being coupled to an input of the step-down stage, an output of the step-down stage being coupled to the input of the power converter;
wherein the step-up stage is adapted for converting the first input voltage of the power converter to a second output voltage, and the step-down stage is adapted for converting the second output voltage of the step-up stage to the first input voltage of the power converter, and wherein the step-up stage maintains the second output voltage across the first energy-storage capacitor, and the step-down stage is activated when the first output voltage of the power converter is lower than a predetermined value.
2. The power system of claim 1, further comprising a second energy-storage capacitor coupled to the input of the power converter.
3. The power system of claim 1, wherein the first input voltage of the power converter is a DC voltage.
4. The power system of claim 1, wherein the second output voltage of the step-up stage is higher than the first input voltage of the power converter.
5. The power system of claim 1, wherein the first energy-storage capacitor comprises one or more capacitors connected to each other in parallel.
6. The power system of claim 1, wherein the first input voltage of the power converter ranges from about 30 volts to about 100 volts.
7. The power system of claim 1, wherein the second output voltage of the step-up stage ranges from about 150 volts to about 450 volts.
8. The power system of claim 1, wherein the step-up stage comprises a Flyback converter or a Boost converter.
9. The power system of claim 1, wherein the step-down stage comprises a Buck converter.
10. The power system of claim 1, wherein the power converter comprises a half-bridge circuit and a transformer.
11. The power system of claim 1, wherein the power converter comprises a full-bridge circuit and a transformer.
12. The power system of claim 11, wherein the full-bridge circuit comprises four transistors.
13. The power system of claim 12, wherein the four transistors of the full-bridge circuit are controlled by the first input voltage of the power converter.
14. The power system of claim 12, wherein the four transistors of the full-bridge circuit are controlled by both the first input voltage and the first output voltage of the power converter.