1. An optical device, comprising:
a first lens array including a plurality of first diffractive optical element (DOE) lenses two-dimensionally arranged on a first plane, the first lens array being configured to split a first parallel beam into a plurality of second beams by condensing the first parallel beam; and
a second lens array including a plurality of second DOE lenses arranged on a second plane parallel to the first plane so as to respectively correspond to the plurality of first DOE lenses, the second lens array being configured to modify the plurality of second beams into a plurality of third beams.
2. The optical device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an interval between the first plane and the second plane is equal to the sum of a focal length of each of the first DOE lenses and a focal length of each of the second DOE lenses, and
wherein the plurality of third beams are parallel beams that are perpendicular to the second plane.
3. The optical device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a focal length of each of the first DOE lenses is greater than a focal length of each of the second DOE lenses.
4. The optical device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a piezoelectric device between the first lens array and the second lens array.
5. The optical device as claimed in claim 4, further comprising a controller configured to control a voltage applied to the piezoelectric device to control an interval between the first lens array and the second lens array.
6. The optical device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a first transparent plate including the first lens array; and
a second transparent plate including the second lens array,
wherein the first lens array is formed on a first surface of the first transparent plate, and
wherein an anti-reflective layer is formed on a second surface of the first transparent plate that is opposite to the first surface of the first transparent plate.
7. The optical device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first DOE lenses have a single focal length,
wherein at least some of the first DOE lenses have sizes different from the remaining first DOE lenses,
wherein the second DOE lenses have a single focal length, and
wherein at least some of the second DOE lenses corresponding to the at least some of the first DOE lenses have sizes different from the remaining second DOE lenses.
8. The optical device as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the first DOE lenses or each of the second DOE lenses include a Fresnel zone plate.
9. The optical device as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the first DOE lenses or each of the second DOE lenses includes a kinoform lens.
10. The optical device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a filter having apertures that respectively correspond to centers of the first DOE lenses, wherein the filter is disposed on a focal plane of the first lens array.
11. The optical device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a liquid crystal panel including a plurality of liquid crystal cells that change a phase of a beam according to driving of liquid crystals therein; and
a rear polarization plate for controlling intensity of the beam according to the phase of the beam,
wherein the liquid crystal panel is on an optical path of the second beams or an optical path of the third beams so that the second beams or the third beams are transmitted through the liquid crystal cells.
12. The optical device as claimed in claim 11, further comprising a front polarization plate for polarizing a beam incident on the front polarization plate,
wherein the beam transmitted through the front polarization plate is transmitted through the liquid crystal panel so that a phase of the beam is changed.
13. The optical device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the liquid crystal cells are independently controlled so as to independently control intensities of the second beams.
14. The optical device as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
a number of the plurality of second and third beams equals a number of first DOE lenses.
15. The optical device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a ratio of intensity per unit area of the first parallel beam to intensity per unit area of the plurality of third beams is proportional to a square of a ratio of a focal length of each of the first DOE lenses to a focal length of each of the second DOE lenses.
16. The optical device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an interval between the first plane and the second plane is equal to a sum of a focal length of each of the first DOE lenses and a focal length of each of the second DOE lenses, wherein the sum is constant and at least one first DOE lens has a different focal length than other first DOE lenses and a corresponding second DOE lens has a different focal length than other DOE lenses.
17. An exposure apparatus, comprising:
a beam generator for generating a first parallel beam;
a first lens array including an array of first DOE lenses for splitting a first parallel beam into a plurality of second beams and condensing the plurality of second beams;
a second lens array including an array of second DOE lenses for modifying the plurality of second beams into a plurality of third beams; and
an imaging unit for forming an image on a photosensitive material using the plurality of third beams.
18. The exposure apparatus as claimed in claim 17, wherein the first lens array is spaced from the second lens array by a sum of a focal length of each of the first DOE lenses and a focal length of each of the second DOE lenses.
19. The exposure apparatus as claimed in claim 17, further comprising a piezoelectric device between the first lens array and the second lens array,
wherein a divergence angle of the third beams is adjusted by controlling a voltage applied to the piezoelectric device to control an interval between the first lens array and the second lens array.
20. An optical device, comprising:
a first DOE lens array for splitting a first parallel beam into a plurality of second beams and condensing the plurality of second beams; and
a second DOE lens array parallel to the first DOE lens array, DOE lenses in the first and second DOE lens arrays being in a one-to-one correspondence, the second DOE lens array condensing the plurality of second beams and outputting a plurality of third beams.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A spring-loaded rifle having a rifle body, the rifle comprising:
a trigger;
an electronic firing mechanism comprising an electromechanical actuator operable by a first switch;
an interconnection piece having a first part and a second part joined by an articulated joint, the first part fixed to the rifle body;
a counter-ratchet connected to the second part of the interconnection piece; and
a spring configured to drive a piston, the piston having a spring-loaded configuration held in place by the counter-ratchet;
the trigger configured to activate the electronic firing mechanism, causing the electronic firing mechanism to act upon the interconnection piece, causing the interconnection piece to exert a force upon the counter-ratchet, which force causes the counter-ratchet to release the piston from the spring-loaded configuration, and
the electromechanical actuator arranged to exert a force on the interconnection piece in a direction substantially parallel to the direction of the rifle barrel.
2. The spring-loaded rifle of claim 1, in which said electromechanical actuator comprises a solenoid.
3. The spring-loaded rifle of claim 1, wherein said interconnection piece comprises a swiveling piece configured to convert the force exerted by the electromechanical actuator parallel to the rifle body into a force exerted by the interconnection piece on the counter-ratchet in a direction other than parallel to the rifle body.
4. The spring-loaded rifle of claim 3, wherein the electromechanical actuator is configured to contact the interconnection piece at the articulated joint.
5. The spring-loaded rifle of claim 1, further comprising an auxiliary firing mechanism independent of the electronic firing mechanism.
6. The spring-loaded rifle of claim 5, wherein said independent auxiliary firing mechanism is configured to require greater trigger travel for activation than a degree of trigger travel required for activating the electronic firing mechanism.
7. The spring-loaded rifle of claim 1, wherein the said electronic firing mechanism also comprises a trigger locking mechanism.
8. The spring-loaded rifle of claim 1, wherein said electronic firing mechanism also comprises a second current switch connected to the electromechanical actuator for use as a safety device.
9. The spring-loaded rifle of claim 8, wherein the second current switch comprises an activation lever which acts as a trigger locking mechanism.
10. The spring-loaded rifle of claim 1, wherein said firing mechanism comprises a flexible rod configured to operate the switch.
11. The spring-loaded rifle of claim 10, wherein the flexible rod is mechanically coupled to the trigger and the trigger is configured to move the rod until the rod contacts the switch.
12. The spring-loaded rifle of claim 11, wherein the rod is sufficiently bendable to allow rotation of the trigger to continue after the rod contacts the switch.
13. The spring-loaded rifle of claim 12, further comprising an auxiliary mechanical firing mechanism activated after the rod contacts the switch.
14. The spring-loaded rifle of claim 1, further comprising a plate which prevents the action of the electromechanical actuator on other pieces when the trigger is in a resting position.
15. The spring-loaded rifle of claim 14, further comprising a flexible rod attached to the trigger and configured to operate the switch, wherein said plate also comprises a guide for the flexible rod.
16. The rifle of claim 15, wherein the plate is movable between a first plate position corresponding to the trigger resting position in which the plate is a barrier to the electromechanical actuator contacting the interconnection piece and a second plate position corresponding to a trigger firing position in which the electromechanical actuator is aligned with an aperture in the plate that permits the actuator to pass through the plate to contact the interconnection piece.
17. The rifle of claim 16, wherein the plate further comprises a guide for the flexible rod, the guide configured such that movement of the rod between a first rod position corresponding to the trigger resting position and a second rod position corresponding to the trigger firing position causes the plate to move between the first plate position and second plate position.
18. The rifle of claim 17, wherein the guide comprises a slot in the plate through which the flexible rod passes, and the plate is pivotable between the first plate position and the second plate position.
19. The rifle of claim 1, wherein the flexible rod has a proximal end connected to the trigger, a distal end, and an switch contact portion between the proximal end and distal end positioned to contact the switch.
20. The rifle of claim 1, wherein the switch has an activation resistance force and the rod has a first geometry in which it makes initial contact with the switch and a second geometry, more curved than the first geometry, in which a force exerted by the rod on the switch overcomes an activation resistance force of the switch.