1. A composition comprising orinithine andor one or more branched amino acids in a concentration effective for treating or preventing inflammatory disease.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ornithine andor branched amino acids are in the L-form.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the branched amino acids are at selected from the group consisting of leucine, isoleucine and valine.
4. The composition of claim 1, which comprises ornithine and one or more branched amino acids.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ornithine is an ornithine derivative which is a peptide comprising ornithine as the constitutive amino acid thereof.
6. The composition of claim 1, which is in a form suitable for administration to a subject in need thereof.
7. The composition of claim 6, wherein said form is a form suitable for oral administration.
8. The composition of claim 6, wherein said form is a medicinal form.
9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the medicinal form is a supplement or a transfusion.
10. The composition of claim 6, wherein said form is a food or a drink.
11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the food or drink is selected from the group consisting of a medical food, a health food, a specified health food, a medical drink, a health drink, and a specified health drink.
12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ornithine and branched amino acids may be a free amino acids, a salts, or a derivatives that may be converted into a free amino acids in vivo.
13. The composition of claim 1, wherein said inflammatory disease is an arthritic disease.
14. A method for treating or preventing an inflammatory disease, which comprises administering an effective amount of ornithine andor one or more branched amino acids to a subject in need thereof.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the ornithine andor branched amino acids are in a form suitable for oral administration.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the ornithine andor branched amino acids are in a medicinal form.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the medicinal form is a supplement or a transfusion.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein the ornithine andor branched amino acids are in a food or a drink.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the food or drink is selected from the group consisting of a medical food, a health food, a specified health food, a medical drink, a health drink, and a specified health drink.
20. The method of claim 14, wherein the ornithine and branched amino acids may be a free amino acids, a salts, or a derivatives that may be converted into a free amino acids in vivo.
21. The method of claim 14, wherein said inflammatory disease is an arthritic diseases.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A receiving end apparatus in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication system, comprising:
a first calculator for calculating a pairwise error rate (PER) for each modulation scheme combination which comprise elements smaller than or equal to receive antennas in number;
a second calculator for calculating a symbol error rate (SER) per stream for the each modulation scheme combination using the pairwise error rates;
a converter for converting symbol error rates to effective signal to noise ratios (SNRs); and
a determiner for determining one among sets of effective signal to noise ratio per stream acquired from the each modulation scheme combination, as a final effective signal to noise ratio per stream.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first calculator calculates a distance between two transmit symbol vectors multiplied by an effective channel matrix in a constellation, a sum of transmit powers of streams, and a square root of a product of a reciprocal of a noise power, and calculates a pairwise error rate between the two transmit symbol vectors using the square root and a Gaussian Q function.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second calculator calculates the symbol error rate of a stream by summing pairwise error rates of transmit symbol vector pairs which cause a symbol error of the stream.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the second calculator calculates the symbol error rates based on the following equation:
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eff
where Ps,l(m|\u0124eff) denotes a symbol error rate of an m-th stream of Mset(l) when the effective channel matrix is \u0124eff, P(\u015dl,i) denotes a probability of transmitting \u015dl,i, km(\u015dl,i,\u015dl,j) denotes a variable indicating whether symbols of the m-th stream in \u015dl,i and \u015dl,j are different or not, P(\u015dl,i\u2192\u015dl,j|\u0124eff) denotes a probability of misjudging \u015dl,i as \u015dl,j when the effective channel matrix is \u0124eff, fm(e,\u0124eff) denotes a compensation value of an error component of the m-th stream according to an estimation error of the effective channel matrix, and NT,eff denotes a number of effective streams.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the converter converts the symbol error rates to the effective signal to noise ratios based on the following equation:
SNReff,lML(m)=SER\u22121(Ps,l(m|\u0124eff),Mset(l,m))+gm(e,\u0124eff)
where SNReff,lML(m) denotes an effective signal to noise ratio of an m-th stream when a modulation scheme is Mset(l), SER\u22121(Ps,l(m|\u0124eff),Mset(l,m)) denotes a symbol error rate inverse function corresponding to the modulation scheme of the m-th stream, Mset(l,m) denotes the modulation scheme of the m-th stream of Mset(l), and gm(e,\u0124eff) denotes a compensation value of an error due to an effective channel matrix estimation error.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the determiner selects one among the sets of the effective signal to noise ratio per stream which meets a required signal to noise ratio of a corresponding modulation scheme.
7. The receiving end of claim 6, wherein the determiner selects one set of the effective signal to noise ratio per stream, the one set having a maximum data rate, which meets the required signal to noise ratio of the corresponding modulation scheme.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the determiner determines the final effective signal to noise ratio set per stream based on the following equation:
max
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where l denotes a modulation scheme combination index, NT,eff denotes a number of effective streams, Mset(l,m) denotes a modulation scheme of an m-stream, c(m) denotes a channel code rate of the m-th stream, R(Mset(l,m),c(m)) denotes a data rate when the modulation scheme of the m-stream is Mset(l,m) and a channel code rate is c(m), SNReff,lML(m) denotes an effective signal to noise ratio of the m-th stream when the modulation scheme is Mset(l), and SNRreq(Mset(l,m),c(m)) denotes a required signal to noise ratio to define the modulation scheme of the m-th stream as Mset(l,m) and to define the channel code rate as c(m).
9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an estimator for estimating a channel to a transmitting end using a receive signal, and constituting an effective channel matrix by taking into account a signal processing on transmit symbol vectors in the transmitting end and a signal processing on receive symbol vectors in the receiving end.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a transmitter for feeding information of the final effective signal to noise ratio per stream or information of the modulation scheme combination corresponding to the final effective signal to noise ratio per stream, back to the transmitting end.
11. An operating method of a receiving end in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication system, the method comprising:
calculating pairwise error rates (PERs) for each modulation scheme combination which comprise elements smaller than or equal to receive antennas in number;
calculating symbol error rates (SERs) for the each modulation scheme combination using the pairwise error rates;
converting the symbol error rates to effective signal to noise ratios (SNRs); and
determining one among sets of effective signal to noise ratio per stream acquired from the each modulation scheme combination, as a final effective signal to noise ratio per stream.
12. The operating method of claim 11, wherein the pairwise error rates each are calculated using a distance between two transmit symbol vectors multiplied by an effective channel matrix in a constellation, a sum of transmit powers of streams, a square root of a product of a reciprocal of a noise power, and a Gaussian Q function.
13. The operating method of claim 11, wherein the symbol error rates per stream each are calculated by summing pairwise error rates of transmit symbol vector pairs which cause a symbol error of the stream.
14. The operating method of claim 13, wherein the symbol error rates each are calculated based on the following equation:
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where Ps,l(m|\u0124eff) denotes an symbol error rate of an m-th stream of Mset(l) when the effective channel matrix is \u0124eff, P(\u015dl,i) denotes a probability of transmitting \u015dl,i, km(\u015dl,i,\u015dl,j) denotes a variable indicating whether symbols of the m-th stream in \u015dl,i and \u015dl,j are different or not, P(\u015dl,i\u2192\u015dl,j|\u0124eff) denotes a probability of misjudging \u015dl,i as \u015dl,j when the effective channel matrix is \u0124eff, fm(e,\u0124eff) denotes a compensation value of an error component of the m-th stream according to an estimation error of the effective channel matrix, and NT,eff denotes a number of effective streams.
15. The operating method of claim 11, wherein the symbol error rates are converted to the effective signal to noise ratios based on the following equation:
SNReff,lML(m)=SER\u22121(Ps,l(m|\u0124eff),Mset(l,m))+gm(e,\u0124eff)
where SNReff,lML(m) denotes an effective signal to noise ratio of an m-th stream when a modulation scheme is Mset(l), SER\u22121(Ps,l(m|\u0124eff),Mset(l,m)) denotes a symbol error rate inverse function corresponding to the modulation scheme of the m-th stream, Mset(l,m) denotes the modulation scheme of the m-th stream of Mset(l), and gm(e,\u0124eff) denotes a compensation value of an error due to an effective channel matrix estimation error.
16. The operating method of claim 11, wherein the final effective signal to noise ratio per stream is one among the sets of the effective signal to noise ratio per stream which meets a required signal to noise ratio of a corresponding modulation scheme.
17. The operating method of claim 16, wherein the final effective signal to noise ratio per stream is one set of effective signal to noise ratio per stream, the one set having a maximum data rate, which meets the required signal to noise ratio of the corresponding modulation scheme.
18. The operating method of claim 17, wherein the final effective signal to noise ratio set per stream is determined based on the following equation:
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where l denotes a modulation scheme combination index, NT,eff denotes a number of effective streams, Mset(l,m) denotes a modulation scheme of an m-stream, c(m) denotes a channel code rate of the m-th stream, R(Mset(l,m),c(m)) denotes a data rate when the modulation scheme of the m-stream is Mset(l,m) and a channel code rate is c(m), SNReff,lML(m) denotes an effective signal to noise ratio of the m-th stream when the modulation scheme is Mset(l), and SNRreq(Mset(l,m),c(m)) denotes a required signal to noise ratio to define the modulation scheme of the m-th stream as Mset(l,m) and to define the channel code rate as c(m).
19. The operating method of claim 11, further comprising:
estimating a channel to a transmitting end using a receive signal; and
constituting an effective channel matrix by taking into account a signal processing on transmit symbol vectors in the transmitting end and a signal processing on receive symbol vectors in the receiving end.
20. The operating method of claim 11, further comprising:
feeding information of the final effective signal to noise ratio per stream or information of the modulation scheme combination corresponding to the final effective signal to noise ratio per stream, back to a transmitting end.