1. King-pin assembly with a sensor (24), the King-pin assembly (5) comprising a King-pin (12), an axle frame (10), a spindle (14) and a bearing (15) for moveably mounting the spindle (14) to the axle frame (10) using the King-pin, characterised in that the King-pin assembly further comprises a spacer (1) for holding the axle frame (10) at a predetermined distance from a bearing inner ring (20) and wherein a housing (2) is attached to the spacer (1), the housing (2) comprising at least a first part (3) of the sensor (24), a second part (4) of the sensor (24) being fixedly attached to the spindle (14).
2. King-pin assembly according to claim 1, in which the housing (2) comprises processing electronics connected to the first part (3).
3. King-pin assembly according to claim 2, in which the first and second sensor parts (3, 4) are disc shaped and coaxially aligned.
4. King-pin assembly according to claim 2, further comprising a sealing member (6) extending in a radial direction between the spacer (1) and the spindle (14).
5. King-pin assembly according to claim 1, in which the first and second sensor parts (3, 4) are disc shaped and coaxially aligned.
6. King-pin assembly according to claim 5, in which the first and second parts (3, 4) form a capacitive sensor (24) for determining the angular position between axle frame (10) and spindle (14).
7. King-pin assembly according to claim 6, further comprising a sealing member (6) extending in a radial direction between the spacer (1) and the spindle (14).
8. King-pin assembly according to claim 5, further comprising a sealing member (6) extending in a radial direction between the spacer (1) and the spindle (14).
9. King-pin assembly according to claim 1, further comprising an intermediate member (7), positioned between the first and second parts (3, 4).
10. King-pin assembly according to claim 9, further comprising a sealing member (6) extending in a radial direction between the spacer (1) and the spindle (14).
11. King-pin assembly according to claim 1, further comprising a sealing member (6) extending in a radial direction between the spacer (1) and the spindle (14).
12. King-pin assembly according to claim 1, in which the spacer (1), housing (2) and first part (3) form a single assembly.
13. King-pin assembly according to claim 1, in which the sensor (24) comprises an angular position sensor, a relative motion sensor, a load sensor, andor a temperature sensor.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A liner material for use in a shaped explosive charge, the liner material comprising:
a powdered metal mixture that contains molybdenum and at least one high density metal.
2. The liner material of claim 1, wherein: the high density metal is tungsten.
3. The liner material of claim 1, wherein:
the metal mixture further contains a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, lead, tungsten, silver, gold, zinc, iron, tin antimony, tantalum, cobalt, bronze and uranium.
4. The liner material of claim 1, wherein:
the amount of molybdenum makes up between about 0.5% to 25% by weight of the metal mixture.
5. The liner material of claim 2, wherein:
the amount of tungsten makes up between about 60% to 85% by weight of the metal mixture.
6. The liner material of claim 1, wherein:
the metal mixture also contains graphite.
7. The liner material of claim 1, wherein:
as the metal mixture, contains by weight of the metal mixture between about 0.5% to 25% molybdenum, between about 0 to 10% copper, between about 60% to 80% tungsten, between abut 10% to 19% lead and between about 0% to 1% graphite.
8. The liner material of claim 1, wherein:
the metal mixture is formed into a generally conical configuration.
9. A shaped explosive charge comprising:
a casing having an interior wall and a hollow interior;
a liner formed from a powdered metal mixture is containing at least molybdenum and a high density metal, the molybdenum and high density metal being positioned within the interior or the casing; and
an explosive material disposed within the interior of the casing between the interior wall and the liner.
10. The explosive charge of claim 9, wherein:
the metal mixture of the liner further contains tungsten.
11. The explosive charge of claim 9 wherein:
the metal mixture of the liner further contains a metal elected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, tungsten, lead, silver, gold, zinc, iron, tin, antimony, tantalum, cobalt, bronze and uranium.
12. The explosive charge of claim 9 wherein:
the amount of molybdenum makes up between about 0.5% to 25% by weight of the metal mixture of the liner.
13. The explosive charge of claim 10, wherein:
the amount of tungsten makes up between about 60% to 85% by weight of the metal mixture of the liner.
14. The explosive charge of claim 9, wherein:
a the metal mixture of the liner also contains graphite.
15. The explosive charge or claim 2, wherein:
the metal mixture of the liner contains by weight of the metal mixture between about 0.5% to 25% molybdenum, between about 0% to 10% copper, between about 60 to 80% tungsten, between about 10% to 19% lead and between about 0% to 1% graphite.
16. The explosive charge of claim 9, wherein:
the metal mixture of the liner is formed into a generally conical configuration.
17. A method of forming a perforation within a formation surrounding a borehole of an oil or gas well using a shaped explosive charge that reduces slugging and increases formation penetration, the method comprising.
positioning a shaped explosive charge within the borehole of the well, the explosive charge having a hollow casing with an interior wall and a hollow interior;
providing a liner formed from a powdered metal mixture containing molybdenum that is positioned within the casing;
providing an explosive material disposed within the casing between the interior wall and the liner; and
detonating the explosive charge so that a jet is formed from the liner that penetrates the formation to form a perforation.
18. The explosive charge of claim 17, wherein:
the metal mixture of the liner further contains tungsten.
19. The explosive charge of claim 17, wherein:
the metal mixture of the liner further contains a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, tungsten, lead, silver, gold, zinc, iron, tin, antimony, tantalum, cobalt, bronze and uranium.
20. The explosive charge of claim 17, wherein:
the amount of molybdenum makes up between about 0.5% to 25% by weight of the metal mixture of the liner.
21. The explosive charge of claim 18, wherein:
the amount of tungsten makes up between about 60% to 85% by weight of the metal mixture of the liner.
22. The explosive charge of claim 17, wherein:
the metal mixture of the liner also contains graphite.
23. The explosive charge of claim 17, wherein:
the metal mixture of the liner contains by weight of the metal mixture between about 0.5% to 25% molybdenum, between about 0 to 10% copper between about 60% to 60% tungsten, between about 10% to 19% lead and between about 0 to 1% graphite.
24. The explosive charge of claim 17, wherein:
the metal mixture of the liner is formed into a generally conical configuration.