1. Compounds comprising one or more structural elements of the following formula
wherein
M is \u2014C(\u2550O)\u2014 or \u2014C(G1G2)-,
G1-3 are independently of each other H, C1-6-alkyl or B\u2032,
B\u2032 is \u2014(B)q\u2014 or \u2014(B)q\u2014R3,
B is \u2014C\u2261C\u2014, \u2014CY1\u2550CY2\u2014 or an optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic group,
q is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6,
Y1,2 are independently of each other H, F, Cl, CN or R0,
A1-4 are independently of each other identical or different groups selected from non-aromatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic carbocylic or heterocyclic groups, which are optionally substituted by one or more groups R1,
Z1,2 are independently of each other identical or different groups selected from \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014, \u2014O\u2014COO\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014NR0\u2014, \u2014NR0\u2014CO\u2014, \u2014NR0\u2014CO\u2014NR0\u2014, \u2014OCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014SCH2, \u2014CH2S\u2014, \u2014CF2O\u2014, \u2014OCF2\u2014, \u2014CF2S\u2014, \u2014SCF2\u2014, \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014(CH2)3\u2014, \u2014(CH2)4\u2014, \u2014CF2CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CF2\u2014, \u2014CF2CF2\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014, \u2014CY1\u2550CY2\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550N\u2014, \u2014N\u2550CH\u2014, \u2014N\u2550N\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550CR0\u2014, \u2014C\u2261C\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014, CR0R00 or a single bond,
R0 and R00 are independently of each other H or alkyl with 1 to 12 C-atoms,
m and n are independently of each other 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4,
R1-3 are independently of each other identical or different groups selected from H, halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NC, \u2014NCO, \u2014NCS, \u2014OCN, \u2014SCN, \u2014C(\u2550O)NR0R00, \u2014C(\u2550O)X0\u2014, \u2014C(\u2550O)R0, \u2014NH2, \u2014NR0R00, \u2014SH, \u2014SR0, \u2014SO3H, \u2014SO2R0, \u2014OH, \u2014NO2, \u2014CF3, \u2014SF5, P-Sp-, optionally substituted silyl, or carbyl or hydrocarbyl with 1 to 40 C atoms that is optionally substituted and optionally comprises one or more hetero atoms, or denote P or P-Sp-, or are substituted by P or P-Sp-, wherein the compounds comprise at least one group R1-3 denoting or being substituted by P or P-Sp-,
P is a polymerizable group,
Sp is a spacer group or a single bond.
2. Compounds according to claim 1, selected from the following formulae
wherein B\u2032 is \u2014(B)q\u2014R3, and B, q, M, G1-3, A1-4, Z1,2, m, n and R1-3 have the meanings given in claim 1.
3. Compounds according to claim 2, characterized in that \u2014(B)q\u2014 is selected from \u2014C\u2261C\u2014, \u2014C\u2261C\u2014C\u2261C\u2014, \u2014C\u2261C\u2014C\u2261C\u2014C\u2261C\u2014, \u2014C\u2261C\u2014C\u2261C\u2014C\u2261C\u2014C\u2261C\u2014,
wherein r is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 and L is selected from P-Sp-, F, Cl, Br, I, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014NCO, \u2014NCS, \u2014OCN, \u2014SCN, \u2014C(\u2550O)NR0R00, \u2014C(\u2550O)X, \u2014C(\u2550O)OR0, \u2014C(\u2550O)R0, \u2014NR0R00, \u2014OH, \u2014SF5, optionally substituted silyl, aryl with 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 6 C atoms, and straight chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy with 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 6 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are optionally replaced by F or Cl, wherein R0 and R00 are independently of each other H or alkyl with 1 to 12 C-atoms and X is halogen.
4. Compounds according to claim 1, characterized in that A1-4 are selected from trans-1,4-cyclohexylene and 1,4-phenylene that is optionally substituted with one or more groups L, which is selected from P-Sp-, F, Cl, Br, I, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014NCO, \u2014NCS, \u2014OCN, \u2014SCN, \u2014C(\u2550O)NR0R00, \u2014C(\u2550O)X, \u2014C(\u2550O)OR0, \u2014C(\u2550O)R0, \u2014NR0R00, \u2014OH, \u2014SF5, optionally substituted silyl, aryl with 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 6 C atoms, and straight chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy with 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 6 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are optionally replaced by F or Cl, wherein R0 and R00 are independently of each other H or alkyl with 1 to 12 C-atoms and X is halogen.
5. Compounds according to claim 1, characterized in that Z1,2 are selected from \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014, \u2014O\u2014COO\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014NR0\u2014, \u2014NR0\u2014CO\u2014, \u2014NR0\u2014CO\u2014NR0\u2014, \u2014OCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014SCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2S\u2014, \u2014CF2O\u2014, \u2014OCF2\u2014, \u2014CF2S\u2014, \u2014SCF2\u2014, \u2014CH2CH2\u2014, \u2014(CH2)3\u2014, \u2014(CH2)4\u2014, \u2014CF2CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CF2\u2014, \u2014CF2CF2\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014, \u2014CY1\u2550CY2\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550N\u2014, \u2014N\u2550CH\u2014, \u2014N\u2550N\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014, CR0R00 or a single bond, wherein R0, R00, Y1 and Y2 have the meanings given in claim 1.
6. Compounds according to claim 1, characterized in that P is selected from CH2\u2550CW1\u2014COO\u2014, CH2\u2014CW1\u2014CO\u2014,
CH2\u2014CW2\u2014(O)k1\u2014, CH3\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014O\u2014, (CH2\u2550CH)2CH\u2014OCO\u2014, (CH2\u2550CH\u2014CH2)2CH\u2014OCO\u2014, (CH2\u2550CH)2CH\u2014O\u2014, (CH2\u2550CH\u2014CH2)2N\u2014, (CH2\u2550CH\u2014CH2)2N\u2014CO\u2014, HO\u2014CW2W3\u2014, HS\u2014CW2W3\u2014, HW2N\u2014, HO\u2014CW2W3\u2014NH\u2014, CH2\u2550CW1\u2014CO\u2014NH\u2014, CH2\u2550CH\u2014(COO)k1-Phe-(O)k2\u2014, CH2\u2550CH\u2014(CO)k1-Phe-(O)k2\u2014, Phe-CH\u2550CH\u2014, HOOC\u2014, OCN\u2014, and W4W5W6Si\u2014, with W1 being H, F, Cl, CN, CF3, phenyl or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, in particular H, F, Cl or CH3, W2 and W3 being independently of each other H or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, in particular H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, W4, W5 and W6 being independently of each other Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, W7 and W8 being independently of each other H, Cl or alkyl with 1 to 5 C-atoms, Phe being 1,4-phenylene that is optionally substituted, and k1 and k2 being independently of each other 0 or 1.
7. Compounds according to claim 1, characterized in that Sp is selected of formula Sp\u2032-X\u2032, such that P-Sp- is P-Sp\u2032-X\u2032\u2014, wherein
Sp\u2032 is alkylene with 1 to 20 C atoms, preferably 1 to 12 C-atoms, which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, and wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are optionally replaced, in each case independently from one another, by \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014NH\u2014, \u2014NR0\u2014, \u2014SiR0R00\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014CO\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014S\u2014, \u2014NR0\u2014CO\u2014O\u2014, \u2014O\u2014CO\u2014NR0\u2014, \u2014NR0\u2014CO\u2014NR0\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014 or \u2014C\u2261C\u2014 in such a manner that O andor S atoms are not linked directly to one another,
X\u2032 is \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, \u2014CO\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014, \u2014O\u2014COO\u2014, \u2014NR0\u2014CO\u2014, \u2014NR0\u2014CO\u2014NR0\u2014, \u2014OCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014SCH2\u2014, \u2014CH2S\u2014, \u2014CF2O\u2014, \u2014OCF2\u2014, \u2014CF2S\u2014, \u2014SCF2\u2014, \u2014CF2CH2\u2014, \u2014CH2CF2\u2014, \u2014CF2CF2\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550N\u2014, \u2014N\u2550CH\u2014, \u2014N\u2550N\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550CR0\u2014, \u2014CY1\u2550CY2\u2014, \u2014C\u2261C\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014 or a single bond,
and R0, R00, Y1 and Y2 have the meanings given in claim 1.
8. Compounds according to claim 1, selected from the following subformulae
wherein B\u2032 is as defined in claim 1, R\u2033 and R\u2032\u2033 have independently of each other one of the meanings of R1 given in claim 1, and Z has one of the meanings of Z1 given in claim 1, and the phenyl rings are optionally substituted by one or more, preferably one or two groups L, which is selected from P-Sp-, F, Cl, Br, I, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014NCO, \u2014NCS, \u2014OCN, \u2014SCN, \u2014C(\u2550O)NR0R00, \u2014C(\u2550O)X, \u2014C(\u2550O)OR0, \u2014C(\u2550O)R0, \u2014CR0R00, \u2014OH, \u2014SF5, optionally substituted silyl, aryl with 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 6 C atoms, and straight chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy with 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 6 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms are optionally replaced by F or Cl, wherein R0 and R00 are independently of each other H or alkyl with 1 to 12 C-atoms and X is halogen.
9. Compounds according to claim 8, selected from the following subformulae:
wherein P, Sp, L, r, R\u2033, R\u2032\u2033 and Z are as defined in claim 8.
10. LC formulation comprising one or more compounds according to claim 1.
11. Polymerizable LC formulation comprising one or more compounds according to claim 1, and one or more further compounds, wherein at least one of the compounds is polymerizable.
12. Birefringent polymer film obtainable by polymerizing a compound according to claim 1 or LC formulation comprising one or more of said compounds in its LC phase in an oriented state in form of a thin film.
13. Birefringent polymer film with R450R550<1, wherein R450 is the optical on-axis retardation at a wavelength of 450 nm and R550 is the optical on-axis retardation at a wavelength of 550 nm, said film being obtainable by polymerizing one or more compounds according to claim 1 or LC formulation comprising one or more of said compounds.
14. (canceled)
15. Optical, electronic or electrooptical component or device, comprising a compound according to claim 1, LC formulation comprising one or more of said compounds or polymer film obtainable by polymerizing said LC formulation in its LC phase in an oriented state in form of a thin film.
16. Optical component according to claim 15, characterized in that it is an optically uniaxial film selected from an A-plate, C-plate, negative C-plate or O-plate, a twisted optical retarder, a twisted quarter wave foil (QWF), an optically biaxial film, an achromatic retarder, an achromatic QWF or half wave foil (HWF), a film having a cholesteric, smectic, nematic or blue phase, a film having homeotropic, splayed, tilted, planar or blue-phase alignment, which is uniformly oriented or exhibits a pattern of different orientations.
17. Optical component according to claim 15, characterized in that it is an optical compensation film for viewing angle enhancement of LCD’s, a component in a brightness enhancement films, or an achromatic element in reflective or transflective LCD’s.
18. Device or component according to claim 15, characterized in that is selected from electrooptical displays, LCDs, optical films, polarizers, compensators, beam splitters, reflective films, alignment layers, colour filters, holographic elements, hot stamping foils, coloured images, decorative or security markings, LC pigments, adhesives, non-linear optic (NLO) devices, optical information storage devices, electronic devices, organic semiconductors, organic field effect transistors (OFET), integrated circuits (IC), thin film transistors (TFT), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, organic light emitting diodes (OLED), organic light emitting transistors (OLET), electroluminescent displays, organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, organic solar cells (O-SC), organic laser diodes (O-laser), organic integrated circuits (O-IC), lighting devices, sensor devices, electrode materials, photoconductors, photodetectors, electrophotographic recording devices, capacitors, charge injection layers, Schottky diodes, planarising layers, antistatic films, conducting substrates, conducting patterns, photoconductors, electrophotographic applications, electrophotographic recording, organic memory devices, biosensors, biochips, optoelectronic devices requiring similar phase shift at multiple wavelengths, combined CDDVDHD-DVDBlu-Rays, reading, writing re-writing data storage systems, or cameras.
19. Method for preparing a compound according to claim 1, comprising the steps of
a) reacting a cyclohexylmethyl phenyl ketone or benzyl cyclohexyl ketone with a protected acetylene and n-butyllithium to give an alcohol-acetylene intermediate,
b) reducing the intermediate from step a) using triethylsilane to form a lateral acetylene compound,
c) homocoupling the lateral acetylene from step b) to form a dimer, or coupling the lateral acetylene from step b) with an arylhalide or with a dihaloaromatic intermediate to form a lateral phenylacetylene.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A gas cooking system, comprising:
a gas cooking burner, comprising:
a gas line;
a first gas port coupled to the gas line; and
a second gas port disposed downstream from the first gas port, wherein at least one of the first and second gas ports comprises a non-circular geometry adapted to increase air entrainment, the second gas port further being non-rectangular if the first gas port has a circular geometry.
2. The gas cooking system of claim 1, wherein the non-circular geometry comprises a lobed opening.
3. The gas cooking system of claim 2, wherein the lobed opening comprises a cross shape.
4. The gas cooking system of claim 2, wherein the lobed opening comprises a cloverleaf shape.
5. The gas cooking system of claim 1, wherein the non-circular geometry comprises a plurality of grouped openings.
6. The gas cooking system of claim 5, wherein at least one of the plurality of grouped openings has a non-circular shape.
7. The gas cooking system of claim 1, wherein the non-circular geometry comprises a triangular opening.
8. The gas cooking system of claim 1, wherein the non-circular geometry comprises a rectangular opening.
9. The gas cooking system of claim 1, wherein the non-circular geometry comprises a square opening.
10. The gas cooking system of claim 1, wherein the non-circular geometry comprises an elliptical opening.
11. The gas cooking system of claim 1, wherein the non-circular geometry comprises a ring shaped opening.
12. The gas cooking system of claim 1, wherein the non-circular geometry comprises an opening having a trip wire.
13. The gas cooking system of claim 1, wherein the non-circular geometry comprises an opening having a chevron.
14. The gas cooking system of claim 1, wherein the non-circular geometry comprises an opening having a daisy nozzle.
15. The gas cooking system of claim 1, wherein the gas cooking burner comprises a venturi section disposed between the first and second gas ports.
16. The gas cooking system of claim 15, wherein the venturi section comprises a converging section.
17. The gas cooking system of claim 15, wherein the venturi section comprises a converging-diverging section.
18. The gas cooking system of claim 1, wherein the gas cooking burner comprises a gasair temperature differential mechanism adapted to increase a gasair temperature differential adjacent the first gas port.
19. The gas cooking system of claim 18, wherein the gasair temperature differential mechanism comprises a gas heating mechanism adapted to heat gas flowing through the gas cooking burner.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein the gas heating mechanism comprises an operationally heated region of the gas cooking system disposed adjacent the gas line, wherein the operationally heated region is adapted to heat in response to operation of the gas cooking system.
21. The gas cooking system of claim 18, wherein the gasair temperature differential mechanism comprises an air cooling mechanism adapted to decrease an air temperature of air entrained at the first gas port.
22. The gas cooking system of claim 21, wherein the air cooling mechanism comprises an environmental air channel having an inlet to environmental air remote from the gas cooking burner and having an exit adjacent the first gas port.
23. A method of operating a gas cooking burner, comprising:
receiving a gas from a gas feed line;
flowing the gas out through a first gas port for primary air entrainment;
passing the gas into a venturi section; and
exhausting the gas through a second gas port for secondary air entrainment, wherein at least one of the first and second gas ports comprises a non-circular geometry, the second gas port further being non-rectangular if the first gas port has a circular geometry.
24. The method of claim 23, comprising increasing a gasair temperature differential between gas and air adjacent the first gas port via a gasair temperature differential mechanism.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein increasing the gasair temperature differential comprises heating the gas.
26. The method of claim 24, wherein increasing the gasair temperature differential comprises cooling air entrained at the first gas port.
27. The method of claim 23, wherein passing the gas into a venturi section comprises passing the gas through a converging-diverging section.
28. The method of claim 23, wherein passing the gas into a venturi section comprises passing the gas through a converging section.
29. A method of manufacturing a gas cooking burner, comprising:
providing a venturi section;
positioning a first gas port directing a gas stream into the venturi section; and
disposing a second gas port downstream from the venturi section, wherein at least one of the first and second gas ports comprises a non-circular geometry, the second gas port further being non-rectangular if the first gas port has a circular geometry.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein positioning the first gas port comprises providing the first gas port with the non-circular geometry to increase primary air entrainment.
31. The method of claim 29, wherein disposing the second gas port comprises providing the second gas port with a non-circular, non-rectangular geometry to increase secondary air entrainment.
32. The method of claim 29, comprising providing a gasair temperature differential mechanism to increase a gasair temperature differential adjacent the first gas port.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein providing a gasair temperature differential mechanism comprises coupling a gas heating mechanism to heat gas flowing through the gas cooking burner.
34. The method of claim 32, wherein providing a gasair temperature differential mechanism comprises coupling an air cooling mechanism adapted to decrease an air temperature of air entrained at the first gas port.
35. A gas cooking burner, comprising:
means for flowing gas between a first gas port and a second gas port downstream from the first gas port; and
means for non-circular exhaustion of a flow stream into air from at least one of the first and second gas ports, the second gas port being non-rectangular if the first gas port has a circular geometry.
36. The gas cooking burner of claim 35, comprising means for increasing a gasair temperature differential adjacent the first gas port.
37. A gas cooking system, comprising:
a gas cooking burner, comprising:
a gas line;
a first gas port coupled to the gas line; and
a second gas port disposed downstream from the first gas port, wherein the second gas port comprises a non-circular, non-rectangular geometry adapted to increase air entrainment.
38. The gas cooking system of claim 37, wherein the first gas port comprises a non-circular geometry.
39. The gas cooking system of claim 38, wherein the non-circular geometry is selected from a group consisting of a lobed opening, a triangular opening, a rectangular opening, a square opening, an elliptical opening, a ring shaped opening, an opening having a trip wire, an opening having a chevron, and an opening having a daisy nozzle.
40. The gas cooking system of claim 38, wherein the non-circular geometry comprises a plurality of grouped openings.
41. The gas cooking system of claim 40, wherein at least one of the plurality of grouped openings has a non-circular shape.
42. The gas cooking system of claim 37, wherein the second gas port comprises a triangular opening.
43. The gas cooking system of claim 37, wherein the second gas port comprises a lobed opening.
44. The gas cooking system of claim 37, wherein the second gas port comprises an elliptical opening.
45. The gas cooking system of claim 37, wherein the second gas port comprises a ring shaped opening.
46. The gas cooking system of claim 37, wherein the second gas port comprises an opening having a trip wire.
47. The gas cooking system of claim 37, wherein the second gas port comprises an opening having a chevron.
48. The gas cooking system of claim 37, wherein the second gas port comprises an opening having a daisy nozzle.
49. The gas cooking system of claim 37, wherein the gas cooking burner comprises a venturi section disposed between the first and second gas ports.