1. An apparatus for the freely programmable conversion of 1 to m transponders into n transponder blocks (TB1 to TBn) of a satellite reception and distribution system, comprising:
a satellite antenna (S) with at least one LNB reception converter (LNB4) having outputs where respective satellite IF levels are present,
a multiswitch (MS) connected to the outputs of the at least one LNB reception converter (LNB4), wherein the multiswitch (MS) has a matrix (M) that loops through the satellite IF levels,
n converters (U) arranged in parallel with one another, which are connected to the multiswitch (MS),
a control device (\u03bcC) connected to the multiswitch (MS),
a programmable filter (BF) connected to each of the converters (U), wherein a bandwidth of said programmable filter (BF) is configurable by the control device (\u03bcC) in accordance with a number of transponders in each transponder block (TB1 to TBn), and
a combination circuit (VS) connected to the converters (U) and serving for combining the n transponder blocks (TB1 to TBn) to form an output spectrum,
wherein at least one antenna line (AL), which is shared by a plurality of subscribers with connected receivers, is connected to the combination circuit (VS) and is routed via connection sockets (AD1, . . . , ADn) such that the apparatus makes all configured transponders available to each connected receiver of said plurality of subscribers in the manner of a satellite head end.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein for remote configuration, including update, andor for remote diagnosis, said control device (\u03bcC) is connected to an interface circuit (USB).
3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the interface circuit (USB) is embodied as a USB interface, via which a USB stick can be connected for the configuration of the multiswitch (MS).
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein, for realizing an Over-The-Air-Update, a tuner (T) is connected to the control device (\u03bcC).
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the USB stick has a program for configuration which can be displayed on a user’s receiver.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the program for configuration is linked with the inputting of a key.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multiswitch (MS) is configurable in such a way that transponder blocks of identical or different satellite IF levels are tapped off.
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein some satellite IF levels are connected via the matrix (M) and others are connected directly to the converters (U).
9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least some transponder blocks (TB1 to TBn) are filtered by a surface acoustic wave filter and wherein said filtered transponder blocks and other non-filtered transponder blocks (TB1 to TBn) alternate from parallel branch to parallel branch.
10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein adjustable amplifiers for the transponder blocks (TB1 to TBn) are arranged for realization in the manner of an equalizer in the parallel branches.
11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein gain is variable in a program-controlled manner.
12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multiswitch (MS) is integrated in the at least one LNB reception converter (LNB4) or in a monoblock.
13. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the converters (U) are integrated in the LNB reception converter (LNB4) or in a monoblock.
14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a fixed or adjustable amplifier (V) is arranged between combination circuit (VS) and the antenna line (AL).
15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the converters (U) are embodied in such a way that frequency conversion of reception frequency is effected without detour via the satellite IF levels.
16. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combination circuit (VS) is embodied as a summer or frequency-dividing network or controlled frequency-dividing network for combining the filtered transponder blocks (TB1, . . . , TBn).
17. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein up to 150 programs in a frequency range between 950 MHz and 2150 MHz can be made available by means of eight converters (U) and twenty-five transponders.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A gas concentration measurement device including a laser light source for emitting laser light with a variable wavelength, a laser controller for driving the laser light source so as to modulate the wavelength of the laser light with a frequency f and to let a center point of the modulation range sweep a predetermined wavelength range repeatedly at a frequency lower than the frequency f, a measurement cell into which a gas to be analyzed will be introduced, and a photodetector for detecting the laser light that has passed through the measurement cell, where a concentration of a specific component in the gas to be analyzed is determined based on a harmonic component contained in a signal produced by the photodetector, the gas concentration measurement device comprising:
an AD converter for converting an output signal from the photodetector into a digital signal;
a signal processor for generating a reference signal having a frequency nf (where n is a predetermined integer greater than one), and for multiplying the digital signal converted by the AD converter and the reference signal;
a first digital filter for reducing selectively signal component of frequency mf (where m is an integer greater than zero) from the product of the multiplication by the signal processor; and
a second digital filter as a low-pass filter for extracting a direct-current component from the output signal of the first digital filter.
2. The gas concentration measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the first digital filter takes a moving average of the digital signal multiplied by the reference signal for a period of time corresponding to one cycle of the frequency f.
3. The gas concentration measurement device according to claim 2, wherein filtering processes by the first digital filter and the second digital filter are performed by integer arithmetic.
4. The gas concentration measurement device according to claim 1, wherein filtering processes by the first digital filter and the second digital filter are performed by integer arithmetic.