1. A phase control circuit, comprising:
an examination unit to compare levels of a sine wave that has a predetermined first period and a switching signal that increases and decreases repeatedly according to a predetermined second period; and
a phase control signal generation unit to generate a phase control signal that has a non-zero value in intervals of time sections including a time when levels of the switching signal and the sine wave which is in a decreasing section are equal to each other during a time period when the level of the sine wave is zero, and also including a time when levels of the switching signal and the sine wave which is in an increasing section are equal to each other during a time period when the level of the sine wave is zero.
2. A power control apparatus to control roller power being supplied to a heating resistor included in a heating roller in a printing apparatus to employ a phase control circuit and the heating roller to fix a toner image, the apparatus comprising:
a power supply unit to output source power input from an external source to the heating resistor as the roller power while gradually increasing a maximum level of the source power in response to a first or second warm-up indication signal and the phase control signal and to output the source power having a predetermined maximum supply level as a maximum level to the heating resistor as the roller power in response to a third warm-up indication signal;
a temperature measuring unit to measure a surface temperature of the heating roller in response to the third warm-up indication signal and to output the measured surface temperature;
a toner fixing unit to fix a toner image of provided print data onto a print medium using the heating roller in response to a fixing indication signal;
a first examination unit to compare the increased maximum level input from the power supply unit to the maximum supply level and to generate the second or third warm-up indication signal based on a result of the comparison performed by the first examination unit; and
a second examination unit to compare the measured surface temperature to a predetermined fixing target temperature and to generate the third warm-up indication signal or the fixing indication signal based on a result of the comparison performed by the first examination unit,
wherein the first warm-up indication signal is generated immediately after the printing apparatus turns on, or immediately after the printing apparatus is switched into a print mode from a stand-by mode; and
wherein at least one of the examination unit and the phase control signal generation unit is operated in response to the first or second warm-up indication signal.
3. The power control apparatus of claim 2, wherein a unit to instruct heating related operations including operations of the power supply unit and a unit to instruct non-heating related operations including operations of the toner fixing unit are separately arranged in the printing apparatus.
4. The power control apparatus of claim 2, wherein the maximum supply level is a largest maximum level of the roller power that can be supplied to the heating resistor.
5. The power control apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the power supply unit outputs the source power that has a temperature maintaining level less than the maximum supply level as a maximum level to the heating resistor as the roller power in response to the fixing indication signal: and
the surface temperature of the heating roller supplied with the roller power having the temperature maintaining level as a maximum level has a similarity equal to or higher than a predetermined similarity to the fixing target temperature.
6. The power control apparatus of claim 5, wherein the fixing indication signal is generated based on a result of the comparison of the second examination unit or while the toner fixing unit is operated.
7. The power control apparatus of claim 2, wherein the heating resistor has a characteristic whereby resistance of the heating resistor is in proportion to a temperature of the heating resistor while the temperature of the heating resistor is equal to or below a critical temperature.
8. A method of controlling roller power being supplied to a heating resistor included in a heating roller in a printing apparatus to employ a phase control circuit and the heating roller to fix a toner image, the method comprising:
supplying source power supplied from an external source to the heating resistor as the roller power while gradually increasing a maximum level of the source power up to a predetermined maximum supply level;
measuring a surface temperature of the heating roller and supplying the source power having the maximum supply level as a maximum level to the heating resistor until the measured surface temperature reaches a predetermined fixing target temperature; and
fixing a toner image of provided print data onto a print medium using the heating roller, wherein the supplying of the source power begins immediately after the printing apparatus turns on, or immediately after the printing apparatus is switched to a print mode from a stand-by mode.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein a unit to instruct heating related operations including the supplying of the source power and the measuring of the surface temperature, and a unit to instruct non-heating related operations including the fixing of the toner image are separately provided in the printing apparatus.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the fixing of the toner image comprises:
supplying the source power having a temperature maintaining level less than the maximum supply level as a maximum level to the heating resistor as the roller power; and
fixing the toner image of the print data onto the print medium using the heating roller supplied with the roller power having the temperature maintaining level as a maximal level, wherein the surface temperature of the heating roller supplied with the roller power having the temperature maintaining level as a maximal level has a similarity equal to or higher than a predetermined similarity to the fixing target temperature.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the fixing of the toner image comprises:
selecting one or more heating resistors from among a plurality of heating resistors;
supplying the source power having the temperature maintaining level as a maximum level to each of the selected heating resistors as the roller power; and
fixing the toner image onto the print medium, and wherein no roller power is supplied to heating resistors which are not selected in.
12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
determining whether print data is provided while a predetermined stand-by mode determination time elapses after the fixing of the toner image is performed, and if it is determined that no print data is provided while the predetermined stand-by mode determination time elapses after the fixing of the toner image is performed, switching the printing apparatus to the stand-by mode; and
(determining whether the print data is provided after the printing apparatus is switched to the stand-by mode in the determination of whether the print data is provided, and switching the printing apparatus to the print mode and proceeding to the supplying of the source power, if the print data is determined to be provided after the printing apparatus is switched to the stand-by mode in the determination of whether the print data is provided.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein the maximum supply level is the largest maximum level of the roller power that can be supplied to heating resistor.
14. The method of claim 8, wherein the heating resistor has a characteristic whereby resistance of the heating resistor is in proportion to a temperature of the heating resistor while the temperature of the heating resister is equal to or below a critical temperature.
15. A computer readable medium having embodied thereon a computer program to perform a method of controlling roller power being supplied to a heating resistor included in a heating roller in a printing apparatus to employ a phase control circuit and the heating roller for fixing a toner image, the method comprising:
supplying source power supplied from an external source to the heating resistor as the roller power while gradually increasing a maximum level of source power up to a predetermined maximum supply level;
measuring a surface temperature of the heating roller and supplying the source power having the maximum supply level as a maximum level to the heating resistor as the roller power until the measured surface temperature reaches a predetermined fixing target temperature; and
fixing a toner image of provided print data onto a print medium using the heating roller, wherein the supplying of source power begins to perform immediately after the printing apparatus turns on, or immediately after the printing apparatus is switched to a printing mode from a stand-by mode.
16. A control unit to control operations of a printing apparatus, the control unit comprising:
a heating control unit that is configured to control a heating operation of a heating roller of the printing apparatus;
a non-heating control unit that is configured to control operations of a printing apparatus that are not related to heating of the heating roller; and
wherein the heating of the heating roller starts before an initialization process of the non- heating control unit has been completed.
17. An image forming device, comprising:
a phase control circuit to compare levels of a sine wave that has a predetermined first period and a switching signal that increases and decreases repeatedly according to a predetermined second period, and to generate a phase control signal that has a non-zero value in intervals of time sections including a time when levels of the switching signal and the sine wave which is in a decreasing section are equal to each other during a time period when the level of the sine wave is zero, and also including a time when levels of the switching signal and the sine wave which is in an increasing section are equal to each other during a time period when the level of the sine wave is zero.
18. An image forming device, comprising:
a power control apparatus to output source power input from an external source to a heating resistor as roller power while gradually increasing a maximum level of the source power in response to a first or second warm-up indication signal and the phase control signal and to output the source power having a predetermined maximum supply level as a maximum level to the heating resistor as the roller power in response to a third warm-up indication signal, to measure a surface temperature of a heating roller in response to the third warm-up indication signal and to output the measured surface temperature, to fix a toner image of provided print data onto a print medium using the heating roller in response to a fixing indication signal, to compare the increased maximum level input from the power supply unit to the maximum supply level and to generate the second or third warm-up indication signal based on a result of the performed comparison, and compare the measured surface temperature to a predetermined fixing target temperature and to generate the third warm-up indication signal or the fixing indication signal based on a result of the performed comparison, wherein the first warm-up indication signal is generated immediately after the printing apparatus turns on, or immediately after the printing apparatus is switched into a print mode from a stand-by mode.
19. An image forming device, comprising:
a phase control circuit to compare levels of a sine wave that has a predetermined first period and a switching signal that increases and decreases repeatedly according to a predetermined second period, and to generate a phase control signal that has a non-zero value in intervals of time sections including a time when levels of the switching signal and the sine wave which is in a decreasing section are equal to each other during a time period when the level of the sine wave is zero, and also including a time when levels of the switching signal and the sine wave which is in an increasing section are equal to each other during a time period when the level of the sine wave is zero; and
a power control apparatus to output source power input from an external source to a heating resistor as roller power while gradually increasing a maximum level of the source power in response to a first or second warm-up indication signal and the phase control signal and to output the source power having a predetermined maximum supply level as a maximum level to the heating resistor as the roller power in response to a third warm-up indication signal, to measure a surface temperature of a heating roller in response to the third warm-up indication signal and to output the measured surface temperature, to fix a toner image of provided print data onto a print medium using the heating roller in response to a fixing indication signal, to compare the increased maximum level input from the power supply unit to the maximum supply level and to generate the second or third warm-up indication signal based on a result of the performed comparison, and compare the measured surface temperature to a predetermined fixing target temperature and to generate the third warm-up indication signal or the fixing indication signal based on a result of the performed comparison, wherein the first warm-up indication signal is generated immediately after the printing apparatus turns on, or immediately after the printing apparatus is switched into a print mode from a stand-by mode.
20. A method of controlling roller power being supplied to a heating resistor included in a heating roller in a printing apparatus to employ a phase control circuit, the method comprising:
comparing levels of a sine wave that has a predetermined first period and a switching signal that increases and decreases repeatedly according to a predetermined second period; and
generating a phase control signal that has a non-zero value in intervals of time sections including a time when levels of the switching signal and the sine wave which is in a decreasing section are equal to each other during a time period when the level of the sine wave is zero, and also including a time when levels of the switching signal and the sine wave which is in an increasing section are equal to each other during a time period when the level of the sine wave is zero.
21. A computer readable medium having embodied thereon a computer program to perform a method of controlling roller power being supplied to a heating resistor included in a heating roller in a printing apparatus to employ a phase control circuit, the method comprising:
comparing levels of a sine wave that has a predetermined first period and a switching signal that increases and decreases repeatedly according to a predetermined second period; and
generating a phase control signal that has a non-zero value in intervals of time sections including a time when levels of the switching signal and the sine wave which is in a decreasing section are equal to each other during a time period when the level of the sine wave is zero, and also including a time when levels of the switching signal and the sine wave which is in an increasing section are equal to each other during a time period when the level of the sine wave is zero.
22. A phase control circuit, comprising:
a switching signal generation unit to synchronize a switching signal with a sine wave;
an examination unit to compare levels of the switching signal and the sine wave, and to produce a comparison signal corresponding to the compared levels;
a pulse signal generation unit to output a pulse signal when the comparison signal enters into a non-signal interval from a signal interval; and
a phase control generation unit to generate a phase control signal which has a signal in an interval from a point of time when the level of the switching signal matches the level of the sine wave.
23. The phase control circuit of claim 22, wherein the switching signal generation unit synchronizes the switching signal and the sine wave by opening or closing a switch when a level of the sine wave is zero.
24. The phase control circuit of claim 23, wherein the examination unit further detects an interval during which the level of the sine wave is higher than the level of the switching signal, and outputs the comparison signal which has a signal interval the same as the detected interval.
25. The phase control circuit of claim 24, wherein the pulse signal generation unit outputs a pulse signal when the comparison signal enters into the signal interval from the non-signal interval.
26. The phase control circuit of claim 25, wherein the phase control generation unit further generates the phase control signal based on a result of the comparison of a point of time when the level of the sine wave is zero and an interval from a point of time when the level of the switching signal matches the level of the sine wave, and outputs the generated phase control signal.
27. A method of controlling roller power being supplied to a heating resistor included in a heating roller in a printing apparatus to employ a phase control circuit, the method comprising:
synchronizing a switching signal with a sine wave;
comparing levels of the switching signal and the sine wave, and producing a comparison signal corresponding to the compared levels;
outputting a pulse signal when the comparison signal enters into a non-signal interval from a signal interval; and
generating a phase control signal which has a signal in an interval from a point of time when the level of the switching signal matches the level of the sine wave.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein the switching signal with the sine wave are synchronized by opening or closing a switch when a level of the sine wave is zero.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein the comparing of the levels of the switching signal and the sine wave further comprises:
detecting an interval during which the level of the sine wave is higher than the level of the switching signal; and
outputting a comparison signal which has a signal interval the same as the detected interval.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein the outputting of the pulse signal further comprises:
outputting a pulse signal when the comparison signal enters into the signal interval from the non-signal interval.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the generation of the phase control signal is based on a result of the comparison of a point of time when the level of the sine wave is zero and an interval from a point of time when the level of the switching signal matches the level of the sine wave.
32. A computer readable medium having embodied thereon a computer program to perform a method of controlling roller power being supplied to a heating resistor included in a heating roller in a printing apparatus to employ a phase control circuit, the method comprising:
synchronizing a switching signal with a sine wave;
comparing levels of the switching signal and the sine wave, and producing a comparison signal corresponding to the compared levels;
outputting a pulse signal when the comparison signal enters into a non-signal interval from a signal interval; and
generating a phase control signal which has a signal in an interval from a point of time when the level of the switching signal matches the level of the sine wave.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A golf ball having a center, wherein the center is formed from a polymer composition comprising:
at least 25 wt %, based on the total polymeric weight of the polymer composition, of an acid polymer having acid groups, wherein at least 90% of the acid groups are neutralized; and
at least 10 wt %, based on the total polymeric weight of the polymer composition, of a non-fatty acid melt flow modifier selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyesters, polyacrylates, polyurethanes, polyethers, thermoplastic polyureas, and combinations thereof;
wherein the polymer composition is substantially free of fatty acids and their salts and has a melt flow index of from 0.5 g10 min to 10.0 g10 min.
2. The golf ball of claim 1, wherein the non-fatty acid melt flow modifier has a melt flow index of from 10 g10 min to 1,000 g10 min and a weight average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 100,000.
3. The golf ball of claim 1, wherein 100% of the acid groups of the acid polymer are neutralized.
4. The golf ball of claim 1, wherein the center has a diameter of from 0.50 in to 1.63 in.
5. The golf ball of claim 1, wherein the center has an Atti compression of from 40 to 160.
6. The golf ball of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition consists essentially of:
from 25 wt % to 90 wt %, based on the total polymeric weight of the polymer composition, of the acid polymer;
from 10 wt % to 75 wt %, based on the total polymeric weight of the polymer composition, of the non-fatty acid melt flow modifier; and
from 0 wt % to 60 wt %, based on the total weight of the polymer composition, of an inorganic additive.
7. The golf ball of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition has a flexural modulus of from 10,000 psi to 125,000 psi.
8. The golf ball of claim 1, wherein the polymer composition has a notched izod impact strength of at least 2 ft.lbin.
9. A golf ball having a cover layer, wherein the cover layer is formed from a polymer composition comprising:
at least 25 wt %, based on the total polymeric weight of the polymer composition, of an acid polymer having acid groups, wherein 100% of the acid groups are neutralized; and
at least 10 wt %, based on the total polymeric weight of the polymer composition, of a non-fatty acid melt flow modifier selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyacrylates, polyurethanes, polyethers, thermoplastic polyureas, and combinations thereof;
wherein the polymer composition is substantially free of fatty acids and their salts and has a melt flow index of from 0.5 g10 min to 10.0 g10 min.
10. The golf ball of claim 9, wherein the non-fatty acid melt flow modifier has a melt flow index of from 10 g10 min to 1,000 g10 min and a weight average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 100,000.
11. The golf ball of claim 9, wherein the cover layer is an inner cover layer having a thickness of from 0.010 in to 0.060 in.
12. The golf ball of claim 9, wherein the cover layer has a material hardness of from 30 Shore D to 80 Shore D.
13. The golf ball of claim 9, wherein the polymer composition consists essentially of:
from 25 wt % to 90 wt %, based on the total polymeric weight of the polymer composition, of the acid polymer;
from 10 wt % to 75 wt %, based on the total polymeric weight of the polymer composition, of the non-fatty acid melt flow modifier; and
from 0 wt % to 60 wt %, based on the total weight of the polymer composition, of an inorganic additive.
14. The golf ball of claim 9, wherein the polymer composition has a flexural modulus of from 10,000 psi to 125,000 psi.
15. The golf ball of claim 9, wherein the polymer composition has a notched izod impact strength of at least 2 ft.lbin.
16. A golf ball having at least one layer formed from a polymer composition consisting essentially of:
from 25 wt % to 90 wt %, based on the total polymeric weight of the polymer composition, of an acid polymer having acid groups, wherein 100% of the acid groups are neutralized;
from 10 wt % to 75 wt %, based on the total polymeric weight of the polymer composition, of a non-fatty acid melt flow modifier selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyacrylates, polyurethanes, polyethers, thermoplastic polyureas, and combinations thereof, the non-fatty acid melt flow modifier having a melt flow index of from 10 g10 min to 1,000 g10 min and a weight average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 100,000; and
from 0 wt % to 60 wt %, based on the total weight of the polymer composition, of an inorganic additive;
wherein the polymer composition is has a melt flow index of from 1.0 gl 0 min to 5.0 g10 min.
17. The golf ball of claim 16, wherein the polymer composition is present in an intermediate layer.
18. The golf ball of claim 17, wherein the intermediate layer is foamed.
19. The golf ball of claim 17, wherein the intermediate layer is an inner cover layer having a thickness of from 0.010 in to 0.060 in and a material hardness of from 30 Shore D to 80 Shore D.
20. The golf ball of claim 16, wherein the polymer composition has a flexural modulus of from 10,000 psi to 125,000 psi and a notched izod impact strength of at least 2 ft.lbin.