1. A method of medical training, comprising:
providing a human breast tissue model comprising:
a body portion sized and shaped to simulate a human breast, the body portion including:
a first silicone layer;
a second silicone layer; and
a liquid suspended directly between the first and second silicone layers to simulate a first pathology;
performing a breast examination on the provided human breast tissue model; and
removing a portion of the first pathology from the provided breast tissue model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first pathology is a cyst.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the breast examination includes identifying a location the cyst.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein removing the portion of the first pathology includes aspirating the cyst.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein aspirating the cyst includes introducing a needle tip into the cyst.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising monitoring a position of the needle tip relative to the cyst utilizing ultrasound visualization.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the body portion further includes a third silicone layer and a silicone material having an increased hardness relative to the second and third silicone layers positioned between the second and third silicone layers to simulate a second pathology.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the second pathology is a dense mass.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising biopsying at least a portion of the dense mass.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing the breast examination includes ultrasound imaging of the provided human breast tissue model.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising identifying a location of the first pathology based on boundaries in an ultrasound image.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing the breast examination includes palpation of the provided human breast tissue model.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the palpation is a spiral pattern.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the palpation is a grid pattern.
15. The method of claim 1, further comprising attaching the provided human breast tissue model to a manikin torso.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the manikin torso is part of a full size manikin.
17. The method of claim 15, further comprising detaching the provided human breast tissue model from the manikin torso.
18. The method of claim 15, further comprising attaching a second human breast tissue model to the manikin torso.
19. A system for medical training, the system comprising:
a plurality of human breast tissue models having different pathology characteristics, each of the human breast tissue models comprising:
a body portion sized and shaped to simulate a human breast, the body portion including:
a first silicone layer;
a second silicone layer; and
a liquid suspended directly between the first and second silicone layers to simulate a first pathology; and
a torso for mounting one or more of the plurality of human breast tissue models.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein the torso is part of a full size manikin.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for humidifying a reactant gas supply stream for a solid polymer fuel cell, said reactant gas supply stream being directed to a reactant gas inlet port of said fuel cell, said fuel cell having a reactant gas exhaust stream directed from a reactant gas exhaust port of said fuel cell, said method comprising:
(a) employing a membrane exchange humidifier comprising a supply stream chamber, an exhaust stream chamber, and a water permeable membrane separating said chambers, said membrane comprising a microporous polymer and a hydrophilic additive, said membrane when dry being substantially permeable to at least one component of at least one of said reactant gas supply and exhaust streams, and wherein the hydrophilic additive is present in an amount sufficient to render the water permeable membrane wettable to water;
(b) directing said reactant gas supply stream through said supply stream chamber upstream of said fuel cell reactant gas inlet port; and
(c) directing said reactant gas exhaust stream from said reactant gas exhaust port through said exhaust stream chamber;
whereby water is transferred from said reactant gas exhaust stream to said reactant gas supply stream across said membrane.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said membrane when wet is substantially impermeable to said at least one component.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said membrane transfers up to about 1% of a reactant gas volume through said membrane.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said reactant gas supply stream is an oxidant supply stream and said reactant gas exhaust stream is an oxidant exhaust stream.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the flow rate of said reactant gas supply stream through said supply stream chamber is selected such that the residence to diffusion time ratio, R, for a hypothetical water molecule in said supply stream chamber is in the range from about 0.75 to 3.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the flow rate of said reactant gas exhaust stream through said exhaust stream chamber is selected such that the residence to diffusion time ratio, R, for a hypothetical water molecule in said exhaust stream chamber is in the range from about 0.75 to about 3.
7. The method for humidifying a reactant gas supply stream for a solid polymer fuel cell, said reactant gas supply stream being directed to a reactant gas inlet port of said fuel cell, said fuel cell having a reactant gas exhaust stream directed from a reactant gas exhaust port of said fuel cell, said method consisting essentially of:
(a) employing a membrane exchange humidifier comprising a supply stream chamber, an exhaust stream chamber, and a water permeable membrane separating said chambers, said water permeable membrane comprising a microporous polymer and a hydrophilic additive, said membrane when dry being substantially permeable to at least one component of at least one of said reactant gas supply and exhaust stream, and wherein the hydrophilic additive is present in an amount sufficient to render the water permeable membrane wettable to water;
(b) directing said reactant gas supply stream through said supply stream chamber upstream of said fuel cell reactant gas inlet port; and
(c) directing said reactant gas exhaust stream from said reactant gas exhaust port through said exhaust stream chamber;
whereby water is transferred from said reactant gas exhaust stream to said reactant gas supply stream across said membrane.