1461107247-8a54d97b-8acd-4aad-8bce-c5dc34fdd21a

1. A multi-level programming method of a phase-change memory device, the multi-level programming method comprising:
selecting a word line, where data are to be input, from multiple word lines;
applying multiple bits of data to a bit line of a cell connected to the selected word line;
applying a program current to the selected word line for programming of first data;
applying a program current to the selected word line and applying a multi-level program current lower than the program current to one of word lines adjacent to the selected word line for programming second data; and
applying a program current to the selected word line and applying a multi-level program current lower than the program current to two of the word lines adjacent to the selected word line for programming of third data.
2. The multi-level programming method of claim 1, wherein the multi-level program current is lower than a current that changes a program state of a cell connected to the word lines adjacent to the selected word line.
3. A multi-level programming method of a phase-change memory device, the multi-level programming method comprising:
selecting a word line, where data are to be input, from multiple word lines;
applying multiple bits of data to a bit line of a cell connected to the selected word line;
applying a program current to the selected word line for programming of first data;
applying a program current to the selected word line and applying a multi-level program current lower than the program current to one of bit lines adjacent to the bit line for programming of second data; and
applying a program current to the selected word line and applying a multi-level program current lower than the program current to two of the bit lines adjacent to the bit line for programming of third data.
4. A multi-level programming method of a phase-change memory device that includes, between word lines, a heater line extending in parallel with the word lines, the multi-level programming method comprising:
selecting a word line, where data are to be input, from multiple word lines;
applying multiple bits of data to a bit line of a cell connected to the selected word line;
applying a program current to the selected word line for programming of first data;
applying a program current to the selected word line and applying a multi-level program current to one of heater lines adjacent to the selected word line for programming of second data; and
applying a program current to the selected word line and applying a multi-level program current to two of the heater lines adjacent to the selected word line for programming of third data.
5-6. (canceled)
7. The phase-change memory device of claim 5, wherein the heater lines are formed during a process for forming a plug provided in the phase-change memory device.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of preparing a hydrocarbon blend by blending at least two hydrocarbon oils, comprising:
determining a stability factor of each of the at least two hydrocarbon oils; and
blending the at least two hydrocarbon oils so as to satisfy Mathematical Formula 1 below based on the determined stability factor:
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Mathematical
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wherein ai is a stability factor of a hydrocarbon oil (i) in the blend, Ai is wt % of the hydrocarbon oil (i) in the blend, and n indicates a number of hydrocarbon oils in the blend and is an integer of 2 or more,
(a) when a SPOT value of a hydrocarbon oil according to ASTM D 4740-02 is less than 2, the stability factor is determined by Mathematical Formula 3 below:
Stability Factor(ai)=1\xd7Ci\u22121\xd70.828\u2003\u2003Mathematical Formula 3
wherein Ci is a minimum amount of the hydrocarbon oil (i) to be blended with 100 g of a reference sample having SPOT 4 so as to exhibit SPOT 1, and
(b) when a SPOT value of a hydrocarbon oil according to ASTM D 4740-02 is 2 or more, the stability factor is determined by Mathematical Formula 4 below:
Stability Factor(ai)=\u2212(0.025\xd7Ti\xd70.01)\u2003\u2003Mathematical Formula 4
wherein Ti is a minimum amount of toluene to be blended with 100 g of the hydrocarbon oil (i) so as to exhibit SPOT 1.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon oils comprise crude oils, heavy oils having a gravity of 0.8 to 1.2 or mixtures thereof.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon oils have an asphaltene content of 15 wt % or less.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon oils have a sulfur content (ASTM D4294) of 5 wt % or less, a viscosity (ASTM D445ASTM D2270) of 1 to 1500 mm2s, a flash point (ASTM D92) of 30\xb0 C. or more, and a pour point (ASTM D97) of 40\xb0 C. or less.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the hydrocarbon oils have a nitrogen content of 5000 ppm or less and CCR (Conradson Carbon Residue) of 15 wt % or less.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon oils are selected from the group consisting of LCO (light cycle oil), HCN (heavy catalytic cracked naphtha), SLO (slurry oil), HS AR (high sulfur atmospheric residue), LS AR (low sulfur atmospheric residue), t-LGO (treated light gas oil), RHDS t-AR (residue hydrodesulfurization treated atmospheric residue) and VRDS t-AR (vacuum residue desulfurization treated atmospheric residue).
8. The method of claim 1, wherein n is 2 to 5.
9. A hydrocarbon oil blend prepared by the method of claim 1, having a SPOT value of less than 2 and a HFT (Hot Filtration Test) value of 0.16 wt % or less.
10. A method of predicting stability of a blend of at least two hydrocarbon oils, comprising:
determining a stability factor of each of the at least two hydrocarbon oils to be blended; and
determining stability depending on whether the blend of the hydrocarbon oils satisfies Mathematical Formula 1 below based on the determined stability factor:
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Pour
Residual

Stability
Gravity
point
Viscosity
Sulfur
point
Carbon
Asphaltene

HFT
Classification
(154\xb0 C.)
(\xb0 C.)
(mm2s)
(wt %)
(\xb0 C.)
(wt %)
(wt %)
SPOT
(wt %)
Max.
0.9400
214
234
0.34
32.5
5.7
4.10
5
0.15
Min.
0.9100
188
76
0.27
2.0
1.7
1.70

0.07
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the reference sample having SPOT 4 has the following properties.
Properties
Flash

Pour
Residual

Stability
Gravity
point
Viscosity
Sulfur
point
Carbon
Asphaltene

HFT
Classification
(154\xb0 C.)
(\xb0 C.)
(mm2s)
(wt %)
(\xb0 C.)
(wt %)
(wt %)
SPOT
(wt %)
Max.
0.9350
210
230
0.33
30.0
5.7
3.90
4
0.13
Min.
0.9100
180
70
0.26
2.0
1.6
1.60

0.06