1. A sensor apparatus, comprising:
a drive circuit section for outputting a drive signal;
a detection device, into which the drive signal from the drive circuit section is inputted;
a detection circuit section for fetching a response signal from the detection device;
a processing circuit section, into which the response signal from the detection circuit section is inputted and which fetches the sense signal from this response signal;
a first output terminal for outputting a sense signal from the processing circuit section; and
a failure diagnosis circuit for setting as a failure diagnosis object section at least any one of the drive circuit section, the detection device, the detection circuit section and the processing circuit section, determining whether the failure diagnosis object section is normal or abnormal, and also outputting a failure detection signal from a second output terminal in the case of determining abnormality,
wherein a delay unit is provided at any place on an electric connection line from the failure diagnosis object section to the first output terminal,
wherein time required for an output concerning the failure detection signal from the failure diagnosis object section to reach the second output terminal is shorter than time required for an output concerning the sense signal from the failure diagnosis object section to reach the first output terminal.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An electromagnetic rail gun comprising:
a. a pair of spaced rails defining an elongated bore therebetween and operable for receiving an armature along the length of said elongated bore, said armature having a leading edge and a trailing edge;
b. a power supply connected to the spaced rails to provide a current flow path through one of the rails, through the armature, and into the other rail to propel the armature along the elongated bore in the direction of the leading edge of the armature;
c. wherein said armature and spaced rails are fabricated from a fiber pre-form that is carbonized and then infused with a carbon matrix, and then carbonized again; and
d. wherein this carbonized form is further infused with a carbon matrix and carbonized repeatedly until a pre-defined density is achieved; and
e. wherein after said pre-defined density is achieved the carbonized form is heated in a non-oxidizing environment until the carbon transforms to a graphatized structure.
2. The electromagnetic rail gun of claim 1 wherein the carbon matrix is pitch.
3. The electromagnetic rail gun of claim 1 wherein said fiber pre-form is formed in a 3-dimensional cylindrical weave.
4. The electromagnetic rail gun of claim 1 wherein said fiber pre-form is formed in a 3-dimensional orthogonal weave.
5. The electromagnetic rail gun of claim 1 wherein said fiber pre-form is formed in a 4-dimensional in-plane weave.
6. The electromagnetic rail gun of claim 1 wherein said fiber pre-form is formed in a 4-dimensional cylindrical weave.
7. The electromagnetic rail gun of claim 1 wherein refractory metal wires are inserted in the fiber pre-form and aligned to the predominant current pathway through the armature before it is carbonized and densified with a carbon matrix.
8. The electromagnetic rail gun of claim 7 wherein said refractory metal is tungsten.
9. The electromagnetic rail gun of claim 1 wherein non-refractory metals are added to the fiber pre-form after it is fully carbonized, densified, and graphitized.
10. The electromagnetic rail gun of claim 9 in which said non-refractory metal is selected from the group consisting of silver wire, silver solder, and tinless solder.