1: A composite pigment, comprising:
a substrate; and
a layer comprising a solid organic UV filter,
wherein a surface of the substrate is at least partially covered by the layer.
2: The composite pigment of claim 1, wherein the layer further comprises a solid inorganic UV filter.
3: The composite pigment of claim 1, wherein the layer further comprises a second UV filter.
4: The composite pigment of claim 1, wherein the layer further comprises a coloring pigment.
5: The composite pigment of claim 1, wherein the substrate has a mean diameter in a range from 0.1 \u03bcm to 30 \u03bcm.
6: The composite pigment of claim 1, wherein the layer has a thickness in a range of 0.03 \u03bcm to 10 \u03bcm.
7: The composite pigment of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of an inorganic material and a organic material.
8: The composite pigment of claim 7, wherein the inorganic material is at least one selected from the group consisting of mica, synthetic mica, talc, sericite, boron nitride, glass flake, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, titanium oxide, hydroxyapatite, silica, silicate, zinc oxide, magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium trisilicate, aluminum oxide, aluminum silicate, calcium silicate, calcium phosphate, magnesium oxide, bismuth oxychloride, kaolin, hydrotalcite, mineral clay, synthetic clay, and iron oxide.
9: The composite of claim 7, wherein the organic material is at least one selected from the group consisting of a poly(meth)acrylate, a polyamide, a silicone, a polyurethane, a polyethylene, a polypropylene, a polystyrene, a polyhydroxyalkanoate, a polycaprolactam, a poly(butylene)succinate, a polysaccharide, a polypeptide, a polyvinyl alcohol, a polyvinyl resin, a fluoropolymer, a wax, an amidosulfonic acid polyvalent metal salt, and an acylated amino acid.
10: The composite pigment of claim 1, wherein the solid organic UV filter is selected from the group consisting of a benzotriazole derivative, an oxanilide derivative, a triazine derivative, a triazole derivative, a vinyl-group comprising an amide, a cinnamic acid amide, and a sulfonated benzimidazole.
11: The composite pigment of claim 2, wherein the solid inorganic UV filter is at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide, an optionally coated metal oxide.
12: The composite pigment of claim 3, wherein the second UV filter is at least one selected from the group consisting of an anthranilic derivative; a dibenzoylmethane derivative; a liquid cinnamic derivative; a salicylic derivative; a camphor derivative; a benzophenone derivative; a \u03b2,\u03b2-diphenylacrylate derivative; a liquid triazine derivative; a liquid benzotriazole derivative; a benzalmalonate derivative; a benzimidazole derivative; an imidazoline derivative; a bis-benzoazolyl derivative; p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and a derivative thereof; a methylenebis(hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole) derivative; a benzoxazole derivative; a screening polymer and a screening silicone; a dimer derived from \u03b1-alkylstyrene; a 4,4-diarylbutadiene; octocrylene and a derivative thereof; guaiazulene and a derivative thereof; rutin and a derivative thereof; a flavonoid; a biflavonoid; oryzanol and a derivative thereof; quinic acid and a derivative thereof; a phenol; retinol; cysteine; an aromatic amino acid; and a peptide comprising an aromatic amino acid residue.
13: The composite pigment of claim 4, wherein the coloring pigment is at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, zinc oxides, an iron oxide, chromium oxide, manganese violet, ultramarine blue, chromium hydrate, ferric blue, aluminum powder, copper powder, carbon black, a pigment of D&C type, a lake, and a pearlescent pigment.
14: The composite pigment of claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the substrate to the solid organic UV filter is from 100:1 to 100:500.
15: A method for preparing the composite pigment of claim 1, the method comprising:
mechanochemical fusing a substrate, a solid organic UV filter, and optionally, at least one selected from the group consisting of a solid inorganic UV filter, a second UV filter, and a coloring pigment, to form the composite pigment.
16: A cosmetic composition, comprising a composite pigment of claim 1.
17: A cosmetic composition, comprising a composite pigment obtained by the method of claim 15.
18: The composite pigment of claim 1, wherein at least 50% of the substrate surface is covered by the layer.
19: The composite pigment of claim 1, wherein at least 80% of the substrate surface is covered by the layer.
20: The composite of claim 8, wherein the organic material is selected from the group consisting of a poly(meth)acrylate, a polyamide, a silicone, a polyurethane, a polyethylene, a polypropylene, a polystyrene, a polyhydroxyalkanoate, a polycaprolactam, a poly(butylene) succinate, a polysaccharide, a polypeptide, a polyvinyl alcohol, a polyvinyl resin, a fluoropolymer, a wax, an amidosulfonic acid polyvalent metal salt, and an acylated amino acid.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a program which when executed by at least one processing unit edits an image, the image comprising a plurality of pixels having pixel values in a color space, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
identifying (i) a shape in a plane of two dimensions of the color space and (ii) a range in a third dimension of the color space over which the shape is propagated to form a volume in the color space, wherein pixels whose pixel values are in the volume of the color space are fully selected;
displaying a deformable curve along the third dimension that represents a manner in which the shape is propagated over the range of the color space; and
automatically modifying the deformable curve in order to best fit the volume around a set of sampled pixel values of the image.
2. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the shape is a first shape, the volume is a first volume, and the range is a first range, wherein the program further comprises a set of instructions for identifying (i) a second shape in the plane that encloses the first shape and (ii) a second range that encloses the first range in the third dimension of the color space over which the second shape is propagated to form a second volume in the color space, wherein pixels whose pixel values are in the second volume of the color space are partially selected.
3. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 2, wherein the deformable curve further represents an edge of the second volume formed by propagating the second shape along the second range in the third dimension of the color space.
4. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 1, wherein the deformable curve comprises a set of definition points modifiable by a user to deform the curve.
5. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 4, wherein two of the definition points correspond to endpoints of the range in the third dimension of the color space.
6. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a program which when executed by at least one processing unit edits an image, the image comprising a plurality of pixels having pixel values in a three-dimensional (3D) color space, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
identifying a first volume of the 3D color space as a shape in a two-dimensional (2D) plane of the 3D color space propagated along a range in a third dimension of the 3D color space, the first volume enclosing pixel values of a first selected set of pixels, wherein pixels of the image whose pixel values are in the first volume of the 3D color space are fully selected;
identifying a second volume of the 3D color space that encloses the first volume of the 3D color space, wherein pixels of the image whose pixel values are in the second volume of the 3D color space are partially selected;
based on a setting of a first user interface tool, determining a first function for defining an extent to which pixels whose pixel values are in the second volume and outside the first volume are selected based on locations of the pixel values in the 2D plane; and
based on a setting of a second user interface tool, determining a second function for defining an extent to which pixels whose pixel values are in the second volume and outside the first volume are selected based on locations of the pixel values along the third dimension.
7. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 6, wherein the image is a photograph.
8. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 6, wherein the image is a video picture.
9. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 6, wherein the color space is a first color space and the image is stored as a set of pixels with pixel values in a second color space.
10. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 6, wherein each pixel is assigned an alpha value based on its pixel values.
11. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 10, wherein a pixel whose pixel values are in the first volume of the color space is assigned an alpha value of 1.
12. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 10, wherein a pixel whose pixel values are not in the first or second volumes of the color space is assigned an alpha value of 0.
13. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 10, wherein a pixel whose pixel values are in the second volume of the color space is assigned an alpha value between 0 and 1.
14. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 13, wherein the first and second functions are used to determine an alpha value for each pixel whose pixel values are in the second volume of the color space.
15. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a program which when executed by at least one processing unit generates a key for an image in a three-dimensional color space, the image comprising a plurality of pixels having pixel values in the color space, the program comprising sets of instructions for:
receiving a plurality of user-selected pixels for generating the key;
generating a shape for the key in a first two dimensions of the color space that encloses the pixel values of the user-selected pixels in the color space;
identifying a range of the pixel values of the user-selected pixels in a third dimension of the color space; and
identifying a location in a plane of the first two dimensions of the color space for the generated shape at each third dimension value in the identified range in order to fit a three-dimensional key around the pixel values of the user-selected pixels in the three-dimensional color space, wherein the shape has a first location in the plane at a first value in the third dimension and a second, different location in the plane at a second value in the third dimension.
16. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the program further comprises a set of instructions for adjusting a size of the shape in one of the first two dimensions of the plane after identifying the locations for the shape at the third dimension values, in order to tighten the fit of the three-dimensional key.
17. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the shape is a wedge shape in the first two dimensions of the color space.
18. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 15, wherein the first two dimensions of the color space are chrominance dimensions, wherein the third dimension is luminance.
19. A method for generating a key for an image in a three-dimensional color space, the image comprising a plurality of pixels having pixel values in the color space, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of user-selected pixels for generating the key;
generating a shape for the key in a first two dimensions of the color space that encloses the pixel values of the user-selected pixels in the color space;
identifying a range of the pixel values of the user-selected pixels in a third dimension of the color space; and
identifying a location in a plane of the first two dimensions of the color space for the generated shape at each third dimension value in the identified range in order to fit a three-dimensional key around the pixel values of the user-selected pixels in the three-dimensional color space, wherein the shape has a first location in the plane at a first value in the third dimension and a second, different location in the plane at a second value in the third dimension.
20. The method of claim 19 further comprising adjusting a size of the shape in one of the first two dimensions of the plane after identifying the locations for the shape at the third dimension values, in order to tighten the fit of the three-dimensional key.
21. The method of claim 19, wherein the shape is a wedge shape in the first two dimensions of the color space.
22. The method of claim 19, wherein the first two dimensions of the color space are chrominance dimensions, wherein the third dimension is luminance.