1. A dual clutch, comprising:
two frictional clutches driven by a drive unit having a common clutch housing and a contact pressure plate fixedly connected to the clutch housing with two contact pressure surfaces and two axially displaceable pressure plates each facing one of the contact pressure surfaces,
wherein between each of the axially displaceable pressure plates and the contact pressure plate are respective frictional linings of clutch disks, which are respectively non-rotatingly connected to two gear unit input shafts of a gear unit, for forming a frictional engagement by axially acting on the axially displaceable pressure plates by means of an actuating system held axially fixedly and, by means of support bearing, rotatably on the clutch housing, the axially displaceable pressure plates can be tensioned with respective actuating devices, wherein the axially displaceable pressure plates are actuated by transfer elements acted upon by the actuating devices,
wherein the axially displaceable pressure plates are displaced along an axial path that conforms in amount to an actuating path adjusted at the actuating devices, and
wherein a sealed annular space is formed between the clutch housing and an outer circumference of the actuating devices.
2. The dual clutch according to claim 1, wherein both of the actuating devices are arranged around the two gear unit input shafts by means of a common receiving means.
3. The dual clutch according to claim 2, wherein the receiving means is rotatably received on the clutch housing and is non-rotatingly supported on a gear unit housing of the gear unit.
4. The dual clutch according to claim 1, wherein the clutch housing is rotatably supported on a gear unit housing.
5. The dual clutch according to claim 4, wherein the clutch housing is axially fixed on an extension axially projecting from the gear unit housing by means of a fixed bearing and held rotatably relative to the gear unit housing.
6. The dual clutch according to claim 1, wherein the clutch housing faces the gear unit and has an axial projection at which the receiving means is mounted and by means of which the dual clutch is rotatably supported on the gear unit housing.
7. The dual clutch according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the frictional clutches is a forcibly dosed frictional clutch.
8. The dual clutch according to claim 1, wherein both frictional clutches are forcibly closed frictional clutches, wherein the actuating paths for the closing of which are directed opposite each other.
9. The dual clutch according to claim 1, wherein actuating devices are operated hydrostatically.
10. The dual clutch according to claim 9, wherein the common receiving means of the actuating devices is a slave cylinder housing which accommodates slave cylinders, each of the slave cylinders acting on a respective transfer element.
11. The dual clutch according to claim 10, wherein the slave cylinders have respective annular pistons to which pressure can be applied and the pistons actuate the transmission elements with an intermediate arrangement of an actuating bearing.
12. The dual clutch according to claim 11, wherein rolling surfaces of the actuating bearings and the support bearing are arranged within the annular space.
13. The dual clutch according to claim 11, wherein the annular space between the clutch housing and inner circumferences of the annular pistons are sealed by means of radial shaft sealing ring.
14. The dual clutch according to claim 13, wherein the annular space is sealed relative to the clutch housing at an outer ring of the support bearing.
15. The dual clutch according to claim 13, wherein bearing rings of the actuating bearings are sealed relative to the annular pistons by means of a radial shaft sealing ring.
16. The dual clutch according to claim 15, wherein bearing rings of the actuating bearings are sealed relative to an outer ring of the support bearing by means of a translatory seal.
17. The dual clutch according to claim 16, wherein at the bearing rings of the actuating bearings is each formed an axial annular flange formed coaxially relative to an annular flange of the outer ring of the support bearing, whereby the translatory seal is effective between the annular flanges of one bearing ring each of an actuating bearing and one of the annular flanges each of the outer ring of the support bearing.
18. The dual clutch according to claim 17, wherein the annular flanges are arranged radially within the rolling bodies of the support bearing.
19. The dual clutch according to claim 16, wherein the translatory seal is formed of a sealing lip which is fixedly connected at the annular flange and which seals relative to a sealing surface at the corresponding annular flange.
20. The dual clutch according to claim 15, wherein the bearing rings of the actuating bearing form radially outwardly of the rolling bodies of the support bearing the translatory seal relative to the outer ring of the support bearing.
21. The dual clutch according to claim 20, wherein a sealing lip is arranged at the outer circumference of the bearing rings which seals at an inner circumference of the outer ring.
22. The dual clutch according to claim 15, wherein between the clutch housing or the outer ring of the support bearing and the bearing rings of the actuating bearings an elastic diaphragm each is arranged.
23. The dual clutch according to claim 22, wherein the elastic diaphragm is a fold bellows, a rolling diaphragm or a pendulum-type bellows.
24. The dual clutch according to claim 22, wherein one elastic diaphragm each is held at an outer circumference of the support bearing and at an inner circumference of the outer ring of the respective actuating bearing.
25. The dual clutch according to claim 22, wherein the elastic diaphragm has at least one recess engaging around a bearing ring.
26. The dual clutch according to claim 22, wherein the elastic diaphragm is tensioned between at least one bearing ring and another structural component of the actuating or support bearing.
27. The dual clutch according to claim 10, wherein at least one of the slave cylinders has an annular piston rotating with the clutch housing, wherein the actuating bearing is arranged between a lip seal toward the pressure chamber of the receiving cylinder and the annular piston.
28. The dual clutch according to claim 27, wherein the annular piston is formed from a bearing ring of the actuating bearing and has several individual pistons distributed over the circumference which are rigidly connected to the transfer element.
29. The dual clutch according to claim 27, wherein the slave cylinder comprises for forming the annular space has a sheet metal part fastened to the clutch housing and sealed relative to the outer ring of the support bearing and sealed at the inner circumference of the slave cylinder housing, wherein the sheet metal part has a number of openings corresponding to a number of individual pistons for permitting passage of the individual pistons, wherein the openings are sealed relative to the individual pistons.
30. The twin clutches according to claim 11, wherein the actuating bearings are constructed as needle bearings or axial wall bearings.
31. The dual clutch according to claim 1, wherein the annular space is at least partially filled with a fluid.
32. The dual clutch according to claim 31, wherein the fluid has lubricating andor cooling properties.
33. The twin clutch according to claim 1, wherein the support bearing is a double row roller bearing.
34. Frictional clutches, comprising:
a clutch housing driven by a drive and a contact pressure plate rigidly connected to the clutch housing,
wherein the contact pressure plate has a contact pressure surface and a pressure plate which is axially displaceable and faces the contact pressure surface, wherein, between the pressure plate and the contact pressure plate, frictional linings of a clutch disk rigidly connected to a gear unit input shaft of a gear unit for forming a frictional engagement by axially loading of the pressure plate by means of an actuating system with an actuating device which is received axially rigidly and rotatable by means of a support bearing at the clutch housing,
wherein the pressure plate is actuated by a transfer element loaded by the actuating device, and the pressure plate is displaced by an actuating distance that conforms to an actuating distance adjusted at the actuating device, and
wherein a sealed annular space is formed between the clutch housing and an outer circumference of the actuating device.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system for ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion, the system comprising:
a reactor vessel having a top; and
a mixing device disposed at the top of the reactor vessel, wherein the mixing device comprises:
an upper venturi having an axial outlet at the upper venturi distal end, the upper venturi distal end disposed within the reactor vessel,
at least one feed injection array disposed within the reactor vessel, each said feed injection array coaxial with the upper venturi, and
a lower venturi having an axial inlet at the lower venturi proximal end, the lower venturi proximal end disposed within the reactor vessel, wherein:
the lower venturi inlet is spaced radially outward from the upper venturi outlet to define an inter-venturi channel between the upper venturi distal end and the lower venturi proximal end,
the lower venturi is coaxial with the upper venturi,
the mixing device is configured for projecting a central jet of a first liquid downward from the upper venturi outlet into the lower venturi, and
each said feed injection array is configured for projecting a second liquid toward an axis of the upper venturi.
2. (canceled)
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the lower venturi inlet is disposed at the same elevation or about the same elevation as the upper venturi outlet.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein:
the lower venturi has a lower venturi constriction point,
the at least one feed injection array comprises a single feed injection array, and
the single feed injection array is disposed either at a first elevation of the mixing device or at a second elevation of the mixing device, and wherein:
the first elevation is at the same elevation or about the same elevation as the lower venturi inlet, and
the second elevation is at the same elevation or about the same elevation as the lower venturi constriction point.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one feed injection array comprises:
a first feed injection array disposed at a first elevation of the mixing device, and
a second feed injection array disposed at a second elevation of the mixing device.
6. The system according to claim 5, wherein:
the first elevation is at the same elevation or about the same elevation as the lower venturi inlet,
the lower venturi has a lower venturi constriction point at an elevation below the lower venturi inlet, and
the second elevation is at the same elevation or about the same elevation as the lower venturi constriction point.
7. (canceled)
8. (canceled)
9. (canceled)
10. The system according to claim 1, wherein each said feed injection array comprises from six (6) to 50 feed injection nozzles.
11. (canceled)
12. (canceled)
13. (canceled)
14. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a circulation loop in fluid communication with the reactor vessel and the mixing device, the circulation loop having a first loop end coupled to a vessel outlet of the reactor vessel for withdrawing reactor effluent from the reactor vessel into the circulation loop, and the circulation loop further having a second loop end coupled to the mixing device, wherein the circulation loop comprises:
an ionic liquid catalyst inlet configured for adding fresh ionic liquid catalyst to the reactor effluent, wherein the first liquid comprises the reactor effluent in combination with the fresh ionic liquid catalyst, and
a heat exchanger configured for cooling the first liquid.
15. The system according to claim 14, further comprising:
an ionic liquidhydrocarbon separator in fluid communication with the circulation loop, wherein:
the ionic liquidhydrocarbon separator is external to the circulation loop,
the system is configured for feeding a portion of the reactor effluent from the circulation loop to the ionic liquidhydrocarbon separator, and
the ionic liquidhydrocarbon separator is configured for separating the portion of reactor effluent into an ionic liquid catalyst phase and a hydrocarbon phase.
16. The system according to claim 15, further comprising:
a fractionation unit in fluid communication with the ionic liquidhydrocarbon separator, wherein:
the fractionation unit comprises one or more distillation columns, and
the fractionation unit is configured for separating an alkylate product from the hydrocarbon phase.
17. The system according to claim 14, further comprising a static mixer in fluid communication with the heat exchanger and the mixing device.
18. The system according to claim 1, wherein:
the system additionally comprises a circulation loop in fluid communication with the reactor vessel, and wherein:
each said feed injection array comprises a plurality of feed injection nozzles;
each said feed injection array is configured for projecting a plurality of lateral jets of a second liquid toward the axis of the upper venturi;
the circulation loop comprises a heat exchanger in fluid communication with the reactor vessel;
the heat exchanger is configured for cooling reactor effluent of the reactor vessel;
the circulation loop is in fluid communication with the mixing device for delivering cooled reactor effluent to the mixing device; and
the first liquid comprises the cooled reactor effluent.
19. The system according to claim 18, wherein:
the mixing device is configured for projecting the central jet axially downward from the upper venturi outlet into the lower venturi inlet, and
the axis of each said feed injection nozzle intersects the axis of the upper venturi at a common intersection at an elevation below the upper venturi outlet.
20. The system according to claim 18, wherein:
the lower venturi proximal end is disposed at the same elevation or about the same elevation as the upper venturi distal end,
the at least one feed injection array is at the same elevation or about the same elevation as the lower venturi proximal end, and
the plurality of feed injection nozzles terminate at the same radial location or about the same radial location as the perimeter of the upper venturi outlet.
21. The system according to claim 1, wherein:
the system further comprises a vessel outlet and a circulation loop in fluid communication with the vessel outlet;
the mixing device is in fluid communication with the reactor vessel;
the system is configured for withdrawing a reactor effluent from the reactor vessel via the vessel outlet into the circulation loop;
the circulation loop comprises a heat exchanger configured for cooling withdrawn reactor effluent;
the circulation loop is configured for recirculating at least a portion of the withdrawn reactor effluent to the mixing device to provide an external recirculation stream to the reactor vessel;
the external recirculation stream comprises the withdrawn reactor effluent;
the upper venturi has an axial upper venturi inlet at the upper venturi proximal end and is in fluid communication with the circulation loop for receiving the external recirculation stream at the axial upper venturi inlet;
the upper venturi is configured for projecting a central jet of the external recirculation stream axially downward from the upper venturi outlet;
and
each said feed injection array is configured for simultaneously projecting a plurality of lateral jets of hydrocarbon feed toward the central jet of the external recirculation stream.
22. The system according to claim 21, wherein:
the lower venturi inlet is disposed at the same elevation or about the same elevation as the upper venturi outlet,
each of the lower venturi inlet and the upper venturi outlet is at least substantially circular,
the inter-venturi channel is at least substantially annular, and
the inter-venturi channel is configured for circulation therethrough of an internal recirculation stream of the reactor vessel.
23. The system according to claim 1,
wherein the feed injection array comprises a feed injection annulus having at least one feed injection port.
24. The system according to claim 23, wherein the at least one feed injection port comprises an annular slit in an inner portion of the feed injection annulus.
25. The system according to claim 23, wherein the feed injection annulus has from two (2) to 50 of said feed injection ports.
26. The system according to claim 25, wherein said feed injection ports are symmetrically arranged on an inner portion of the feed injection annulus.
27. The system according to claim 23, wherein the second liquid is projected as a jet from each said feed injection port.
28. The system according to claim 23, wherein:
the feed injection annulus is coaxial with the upper venturi, and
the system is configured such that at least one jet of the second liquid collides with the central jet.
29. The system according to claim 23, wherein the feed injection annulus is disposed at the same elevation or about the same elevation as the lower venturi inlet.
30. (canceled)
31. The system according to claim 23, wherein the lower venturi inlet is disposed at the same elevation or about the same elevation as the upper venturi outlet.
32. The system according to claim 23, further comprising:
a circulation loop in fluid communication with the reactor vessel and the mixing device, the circulation loop having a first loop end coupled to a vessel outlet of the reactor vessel for withdrawing reactor effluent from the reactor vessel into the circulation loop, and the circulation loop further having a second loop end coupled to the mixing device, wherein the circulation loop comprises:
an ionic liquid catalyst inlet configured for adding fresh ionic liquid catalyst to the reactor effluent, and
a heat exchanger configured for cooling the first liquid, wherein the first liquid comprises the reactor effluent in combination with the fresh ionic liquid catalyst, and the second liquid comprises a hydrocarbon feed.
33. The system according to claim 32, further comprising:
an ionic liquidhydrocarbon separator in fluid communication with the circulation loop, wherein:
the ionic liquidhydrocarbon separator is external to the circulation loop,
the system is configured for feeding a portion of the reactor effluent from the circulation loop to the ionic liquidhydrocarbon separator, and
the ionic liquidhydrocarbon separator is configured for separating the portion of reactor effluent into an ionic liquid catalyst phase and a hydrocarbon phase.
34. The system according to claim 33, further comprising:
a fractionation unit in fluid communication with the ionic liquidhydrocarbon separator, wherein:
the fractionation unit comprises one or more distillation columns, and
the fractionation unit is configured for separating an alkylate product from the hydrocarbon phase.
35. A process for ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion, comprising:
a) withdrawing reactor effluent from a reactor vessel, the reactor effluent comprising unreacted hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon feed;
b) adding ionic liquid catalyst to the reactor effluent to provide an external recirculation stream;
c) introducing the external recirculation stream into a mixing device, the mixing device in fluid communication with the reactor vessel, wherein the mixing device comprises an upper venturi having an axial outlet at the upper venturi distal end and a lower venturi having an axial inlet at the lower venturi proximal end;
d) projecting a central jet of the external recirculation stream downward from the upper venturi outlet into the lower venturi;
e) circulating an internal recirculation stream through the lower venturi via an inter-venturi channel that is provided by the lower venturi inlet being spaced radially outward from the upper venturi; and
f) concurrently with the projecting of the central jet, projecting a hydrocarbon feed toward the central jet such that the hydrocarbon feed collides with the central jet, wherein:
the upper venturi distal end and the lower venturi proximal end are disposed within the reactor vessel, and
the lower venturi is coaxial with the upper venturi.
36. The process according to claim 35, wherein:
the central jet comprises an ionic liquidhydrocarbon emulsion comprising droplets of the ionic liquid catalyst, and
step f) comprises contacting the hydrocarbon feed with the ionic liquid catalyst under alkylation conditions to provide an alkylate product.
37. (canceled)
38. (canceled)
39. The process according to claim 35, wherein:
the mixing device further comprises a feed injection array disposed within the reactor vessel,
the feed injection array comprises a plurality of feed injection nozzles, and
step f) comprises projecting the hydrocarbon feed toward the central jet via the feed injection nozzles.
40. The process according to claim 35, wherein:
the mixing device further comprises a feed injection annulus disposed within the reactor vessel, the feed injection annulus having at least one feed injection port, and
step f) comprises projecting the hydrocarbon feed toward the central jet via the at least one feed injection port.
41. The process according to claim 35, wherein the central jet comprises an ionic liquidhydrocarbon emulsion comprising droplets of the ionic liquid catalyst having a diameter in the range from 1-1000 microns.
42. The process according to claim 35, wherein the ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion is selected from the group consisting of: paraffin alkylation, paraffin isomerization, olefin oligomerization, cracking of olefins or paraffins, and aromatic alkylation.
43. The process according to claim 36, wherein:
the ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion comprises paraffin alkylation,
the hydrocarbon feed comprises at least one C2-C10 olefin and at least one C4-C10 isoparaffin,
the ionic liquid catalyst comprises a chloroaluminate ionic liquid, and
the alkylation conditions comprise a temperature in the range from \u221240\xb0 C. to 150\xb0 C., and a pressure in the range from atmospheric pressure to 8000 kPa.
44. The process according to claim 35, further comprising:
g) feeding a portion of the reactor effluent to an ionic liquidhydrocarbon separator;
h) via the ionic liquidhydrocarbon separator, separating the portion of reactor effluent into an ionic liquid catalyst phase and a hydrocarbon phase; and
i) via a fractionation unit, separating an alkylate product from the hydrocarbon phase.
45. The system according to claim 1, wherein each said feed injection array comprises a plurality of feed injection nozzles.
46. The system according to claim 45, wherein the plurality of feed injection nozzles of each said feed injection array are symmetrically arranged.
47. The system according to claim 45, wherein the axis of each said feed injection nozzle intersects the axis of the upper venturi at an angle, \u03b8, in the range from 20\xb0 to 90\xb0.
48. The system according to claim 45, wherein the axis of each said feed injection nozzle intersects the axis of the upper venturi at an angle, \u03b8, in the range from 80\xb0 to 90\xb0.
49. The system according to claim 45, wherein each said feed injection array is configured for projecting a plurality of lateral jets of the second liquid toward the axis of the upper venturi.
50. The system according to claim 49, wherein:
each said feed injection nozzle projects one of said lateral jets, and
each said feed injection nozzle terminates at the same radial location or about the same radial location as the perimeter of the upper venturi outlet.
51. The system according to claim 49, wherein each said feed injection nozzle terminates at a location radially inward from the perimeter of the upper venturi outlet such that the central jet collides with at least a terminal portion of each said feed injection nozzle.
52. The system according to claim 49, wherein:
the system is configured such that each said lateral jet collides with the central jet, and
the system is further configured such that a first liquid linear velocity of the central jet is at least substantially equal to a second liquid linear velocity of each said lateral jet.
53. The system according to claim 1, wherein the inter-venturi channel is configured for circulation therethrough of an internal recirculation stream of the reactor vessel.