1. A method of forming and maintaining a concrete structure, comprising the steps of:
casting a first annular gasket within a wall of the structure using at least one mandrel, the gasket including an anchor flange embedded within the wall, the mandrel having at least one annular outer surface disposed at an angle of between 0.5\xb0 and 7\xb0 with respect to a longitudinal axis of the mandrel, whereby the mandrel forms an annular opening within the wall having at least one annular inner surface disposed at an angle of between 0.5\xb0 and 7\xb0 with respect to the longitudinal axis;
removing at least a portion of the first gasket from the wall; and
installing a second gasket within the opening in the wall using an expansion band to sealingly compress at least a portion of the second gasket to the annular inner surface of the opening.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one annular outer surface of the mandrel and the at least one annular inner surface of the opening are disposed at an angle of between 0.5\xb0 and 4\xb0 with respect to the longitudinal axis.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one annular outer surface of the mandrel and the at least one annular surface of the opening are disposed at an angle of between 1.5\xb0 and 2.5\xb0 with respect to the longitudinal axis.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said removing step comprises cutting the first gasket away from its anchor flange, wherein the anchor flange remains embedded within the wall.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said removing step comprises pulling the anchor flange of the first gasket outwardly from the wall.
6. The method of claim 1, comprising the additional step, prior to said removing step, of installing a pipe through the opening in the wall in sealed relation with the first gasket.
7. The method of claim 1, comprising the additional step, after said installing step, of installing a pipe through the opening in the wall in sealed relation with the second gasket.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first annular gasket comprises:
an annular main body portion from which the anchor flange extends; and
a pipe sealing portion extending from the main body portion, the pipe sealing portion positionable in a folded condition in which the pipe sealing portion is disposed at least partially within the main body portion.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the mandrel is a first mandrel, and is formed at least in part of a rigid material and includes an annular cavity within which at least a portion of the gasket is receivable.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising a second mandrel cooperating with the first mandrel during said casting step.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first mandrel includes an annular front face disposed generally transverse to the longitudinal axis, the front face having a convex profile, and the second mandrel includes an annular rear face disposed generally transverse to the longitudinal axis, the rear face having a concave profile.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein at least a portion of said second mandrel is formed of a resilient material.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the anchor flange comprises at least one undercut, at least a portion of the mandrel received within the undercut.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A silver alloy for use in a reflective film, comprising silver as a main element and at least one rare-earth element as a first dopant element.
2. The silver alloy for use in a reflective film according to claim 1, wherein the first dopant element comprises at least one of dysprosium and thulium.
3. The silver alloy for use in a reflective film according to claim 1, wherein the first dopant element comprises at least one of terbium, gadolinium, erbium, neodymium, holmium, praseodymium, samarium, lanthanum, cerium, ytterbium, and europium.
4. The silver alloy for use in a reflective film according to claim 1, comprising gallium as a second dopant element.
5. The silver alloy for use in a reflective film according to claim 1, comprising as a second dopant element at least one of platinum and palladium.
6. The silver alloy for use in a reflective film according to claim 1, comprising as a second dopant element at least one element selected from magnesium, zinc, nickel, molybdenum, gold and aluminum.
7. The silver alloy for use in a reflective film according to claim 1, comprising as a second dopant element at least one element selected from copper, cobalt, tin, titanium, bismuth, manganese, scandium, and yttrium.
8. The silver alloy for use in a reflective film according to claim 1, comprising as a second dopant element at least one element selected from silicon, chromium, iron, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, rhodium, iridium, indium, lead, calcium, antimony, strontium, hafnium, germanium, and boron.
9. The silver alloy for use in a reflective film according to claim 1 comprising a second dopant element, wherein a total of the concentration of the first dopant element and the concentration of the second dopant element are 0.01 to 5.0 atomic %.
10. The silver alloy for use in a reflective film according to claim 9, wherein the total of the concentration of the first dopant element and the concentration of the second dopant element are 0.01 to 3.0 atomic %.
11. A sputtering target, comprising the silver alloy as defined in claim 1.
12. An optical recording medium comprising a substrate and a silver alloy on the substrate which silver alloy comprises silver and at least one rare-earth element as a first dopant element.
13. The optical recording medium according to claim 12 wherein the silver alloy comprises a first dopant element comprising at least one of at least one of dysprosium and thulium.
14. The optical recording medium according to claim 12 wherein the silver alloy comprises a first dopant element comprising at least one of terbium, gadolinium, erbium, neodymium, holmium, praseodymium, samarium, lanthanum, cerium, ytterbium, and europium.
15. The optical recording medium according to claim 12 wherein the silver alloy comprises a second dopant element comprising gallium.
16. The optical recording medium according to claim 12 wherein the silver alloy comprises a second dopant element comprising at least one element selected from platinum and palladium.
17. The optical recording medium silver according to claim 12 wherein the silver alloy comprises a second dopant element comprising at least one element selected from magnesium, zinc, nickel, molybdenum, gold and aluminum.
18. The optical recording medium according to claim 12 wherein the silver alloy comprises a second dopant element comprising at least one element selected from copper, cobalt, tin, titanium, bismuth, manganese, scandium, and yttrium.
19. The optical recording medium according to claim 12 wherein the silver alloy comprises a second dopant element comprising at least one element selected from silicon, chromium, iron, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, rhodium, iridium, indium, lead, calcium, antimony, strontium, hafnium, germanium, and boron.
20. A method for producing an optical recording medium which comprises forming a film of a silver alloy on a substrate, which silver alloy comprises a first dopant element selected from at least one of dysprosium, thulium, terbium, gadolinium, erbium, neodymium, holmium, praseodymium, samarium, lanthanum, cerium, ytterbium, and europium; and which silver alloy optionally further comprises a second dopant element selected from at least one of platinum, palladium, magnesium, zinc, nickel, molybdenum, gold, aluminum, copper, cobalt, tin, titanium, bismuth, manganese, scandium, yttrium, silicon, chromium, iron, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, rhodium, iridium, indium, lead, calcium, antimony, strontium, hafnium, germanium, and boron.