1. A program switching method, wherein the method comprises:
receiving, by a program selection device, a notification message sent by a media server, wherein the notification message carries information indicating that a time-shifted program is played back to a border of the time-shifted program;
obtaining, by the program selection device, a content identifier of a target program directly according to the information carried in the notification message; and
sending, by the program selection device to the media server, a trigger message for triggering the media server to transmit data, wherein the trigger message carries the content identifier of the target program, so that the media server transmits the target program to a terminal device according to the content identifier.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the program selection device is a back-end management device, and the sending, by the program selection device to the media server, the trigger message for triggering the media server to transmit data, wherein the trigger message carries the content identifier of the target program, comprises:
returning a response message to the media server, wherein the response message carries the content identifier of the target program.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the response message carries the content identifier of the target program in one of the following manners:
manner 1, adding an SDP description to the response message, and carrying the content identifier of the target program through the SDP description; and
manner 2, adding an RTSP header field to the response message, and carrying the content identifier of the target program through the RTSP header field.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the program selection device is a terminal control device, and the sending, by the program selection device to the media server, the trigger message for triggering the media server to transmit data, wherein the trigger message carries the content identifier of the target program, comprises:
sending a Play message to the media server, wherein the Play message carries the content identifier of the target program.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the Play message carries the content identifier of the target program in one of the following manners:
manner 1, adding an SDP description to the Play message, and carrying the content identifier of the target program through the SDP description;
manner 2, adding an RTSP header field to the Play message, and carrying the content identifier of the target program through the RTSP header field; and
manner 3, adding a parameter to an RTSP URL of the Play message, and carrying the content identifier of the target program through the parameter.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining the content identifier of the target program directly comprises:
skipping an accounting andor authentication process, and accessing an EPG server directly to obtain the content identifier of the target program.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the information indicating that the time-shifted program is played back to the border of the time-shifted program comprises:
information indicating that the time-shifted program is rewound to an opening credits of the time-shifted program, or information indicating that the time-shifted program is played or fast forwarded to a closing credits of the time-shifted program.
8. A program switching method, wherein the method comprises:
sending, by a media server, a notification message to a program selection device, wherein the notification message carries information indicating that a time-shifted program is played back to a border of the time-shifted program, so that the program selection device obtains a content identifier of a target program directly according to the information carried in the notification message;
receiving, by the media server, a message sent by the program selection device, for triggering the media server to transmit data, wherein the message carries the content identifier of the target program; and transmitting, by the media server, the target program to a terminal device according to the content identifier.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the program selection device is a back-end management device, and the receiving, by the media server, a trigger message sent by the program selection device, for triggering the media server to transmit data, wherein the trigger message carries the content identifier of the target program, comprises:
receiving, by the media server, a response message returned by the back-end management device, wherein the response message carries the content identifier of the target program.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the response message carries the content identifier of the target program in one of the following manners:
manner 1, adding an SDP description to the response message, and carrying the content identifier of the target program through the SDP description; and
manner 2, adding an RTSP header field to the response message, and carrying the content identifier of the target program through the RTSP header field.
11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the program selection device is a terminal control device, and the receiving, by the media server, the trigger message sent by the program selection device, for triggering the media server to transmit data, wherein the trigger message carries the content identifier of the target program, comprises:
receiving, by the media server, a Play message sent by the terminal device, wherein the Play message carries the content identifier of the target program.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the Play message carries the content identifier of the target program in one of the following manners:
manner 1, adding an SDP description to the Play message, and carrying the content identifier of the target program through the SDP description;
manner 2, adding an RTSP header field to the Play message, and carrying the content identifier of the target program through the RTSP header field; and
manner 3, adding a parameter to an RTSP URL of the Play message, and carrying the content identifier of the target program through the parameter.
13. The method according to claim 8, wherein the obtaining the content identifier of the target program directly comprises:
skipping an accounting andor authentication process, and accessing an EPG server directly to obtain the content identifier of the target program.
14. The method according to claim 8, wherein the information indicating that the time-shifted program is played back to the border of the time-shifted program comprises:
information indicating that the time-shifted program is rewound to an opening credits of the time-shifted program, or information indicating that the time-shifted program is played or fast forwarded to a closing credits of the time-shifted program.
15. A program switching apparatus, wherein the apparatus comprises:
a receiving module, configured to receive a notification message sent by a media server, wherein the notification message carries information indicating that a time-shifted program is played back to a border of the time-shifted program;
an obtaining module, configured to obtain a content identifier of a target program directly according to the information carried in the notification message; and
a triggering module, configured to send to the media server a message for triggering the media server to transmit data, wherein the message carries the content identifier of the target program, so that the media server transmits the target program to a terminal device according to the content identifier.
16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein: the apparatus is a back-end management device, and the triggering module is specifically configured to return a response message to the media server, wherein the response message carries the content identifier of the target program, so that the media server transmits the target program to the terminal device according to the content identifier; or
the apparatus is a terminal control device, and the triggering module is specifically configured to send a Play message to the media server, wherein the Play message carries the content identifier of the target program, so that the media server transmits the target program to the terminal device according to the content identifier.
17. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the obtaining the content identifier of the target program directly comprises:
skipping an accounting andor authentication process, and accessing an EPG server directly to obtain the content identifier of the target program.
18. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the information indicating that the time-shifted program is played back to the border of the time-shifted program comprises:
information indicating that the time-shifted program is rewound to an opening credits of the time-shifted program, or information indicating that the time-shifted program is played or fast forwarded to a closing credits of the time-shifted program.
19. A media server, wherein the media server comprises:
a first sending module, configured to send a notification message to a program selection device, wherein the notification message carries information indicating that a time-shifted program is played back to a border of the time-shifted program, so that the program selection device obtains a content identifier of a target program directly according to the information carried in the notification message;
a service receiving module, configured to receive a message sent by the program selection device, for triggering the media server to transmit data, wherein the message carries the content identifier of the target program; and
a second sending module, configured to transmit the target program to a terminal device according to the content identifier.
20. The media server according to claim 19, wherein: the program selection device is a back-end management device, and the service receiving module is specifically configured to receive a response message returned by the back-end management device, wherein the response message carries the content identifier of the target program; or the program selection device is a terminal control device, and the service receiving module is specifically configured to receive a Play message sent by the terminal device, wherein the Play message carries the content identifier of the target program.
21. The media server according to claim 19, wherein the obtaining the content identifier of the target program directly comprises:
skipping an accounting andor authentication process, and accessing an EPG server directly to obtain the content identifier of the target program.
22. The media server according to claim 19, wherein the information indicating that the time-shifted program is played back to the border of the time-shifted program comprises:
information indicating that the time-shifted program is rewound to an opening credits of the time-shifted program, or information indicating that the time-shifted program is played or fast forwarded to a closing credits of the time-shifted program.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A bone implant comprising a bioinert substrate that includes a surface having a first portion and a second portion, the first portion containing small ridges, each of which has a width of 10-30 \u03bcm and a height of 10-30 \u03bcm, and the second portion containing large ridges, each of which has a width of 60-100 \u03bcm and a height of 40-80 \u03bcm, wherein the bone implant is configured such that, when it is placed at an implant site in a subject, the second portion is in contact with a bone.
2. The bone implant of claim 1, wherein each of the large ridges has a width of 70-90 \u03bcm and a height of 50-70 \u03bcm.
3. The bone implant of claim 1, wherein each of the small ridges has a width of 15-20 \u03bcm and a height of 15-20 \u03bcm.
4. The bone implant of claim 1, wherein the bioinert substrate is a metal-based substrate.
5. The bone implant of claim 4, wherein the substrate is a titanium alloy-based substrate.
6. The bone implant of claim 4, further comprising a metal oxide layer disposed on the bioinert substrate.
7. The bone implant of claim 6, wherein the second portion is covered with a ceramic layer that contains a plurality of indentations, the indentations occupying 30-70% of the total surface of the ceramic layer.
8. The bone implant of claim 7, wherein the ceramic layer is a hydroxyapetite layer.
9. The bone implant of claim 7, wherein the biopolymer is a collagen-based biopolymer.
10. The bone implant of claim 1, wherein the second portion is covered with a ceramic layer that contains a plurality of indentations, the indentations occupying 30-70% of the total surface of the ceramic layer.
11. The bone implant of claim 10, wherein the indentations occupy 50-60% of the total surface of the ceramic layer.
12. The bone implant of claim 10, wherein the ceramic layer is a hydroxyapetite layer.
13. The bone implant of claim 10, further comprising a biopolymer covalently bonded to the ceramic layer.
14. The bone implant of claim 10, further comprising a bone formation promoter covalently bonded to the ceramic layer.
15. A method of preparing a bone implant, comprising:
obtaining a bioinert substrate that has a surface with a first portion and a second portion, and,
forming on the first portion small ridges, each of which has a width of 10-30 \u03bcm and a height of 10-30 \u03bcm, and on the second portion large ridges, each having a width of 60-100 \u03bcm and a height of 40-80 \u03bcm,
wherein the bone implant is configured such that, when it is placed at an implant site in a subject, the second portion is in contact with a bone.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the bioinert substrate is a metal-based substrate.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the substrate is a titanium alloy-based substrate.
18. The method of claim 16, after the forming step, further comprising oxidizing the surface of the bioinert substrate to form a layer of metal oxides.
19. The method of claim 18, after the oxidizing step, further comprising:
affixing a ceramic layer on the second portion, and
generating a plurality of indentations in the ceramic layer,
wherein the indentations occupy 30-70% of the total surface of the ceramic layer.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the ceramic layer is a hydroxyapetite layer.
21. The method of claim 19, after the generating step, further comprising immobilizing a biopolymer onto the ceramic layer via covalent bonding.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the biopolymer is a collagen-based biopolymer.
23. The method of claim 19, after the generating step, further comprising covalently linking a bone formation promoter to the ceramic layer.