What is claimed is:
1. A moulded article comprising thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), said article characterized in having condensate value of <2 mg10 g of TPU in the fogging test according to DIN 75201B at 120 C. over 16 hours, wherein TPU is the product of reacting, optionally in the presence of a catalyst,
A) an organic diisocyante, with
B) polyester polyol having number average molecular weight of 600 to 10 000 gmol and content of 1:1 ring esters of dicarboxylic acid and diol of <0.2% relative to the weight of said polyester polyol, and
C) at least one chain extender having average molecular weight of 60 to 500 gmol, selected from the group consisting of diol and diamine.
wherein the equivalence ratio of diisocyanate A) to polyol B) is between 1.5:1.0 and 10.0:1.0 and wherein the NCO index is 95 to 105.
2. The article of claim 1 wherein the content of the ring esters is <0.15%.
3. The article of claim 1 wherein B) further contains at least one member having a number average molecular weight of 600 to 10 000 gmol selected from the group consisting of polyether polyol and polycarbonate diol in an amount up to 80% relative to the weight of said polyester polyol.
4. The article of claim 1 wherein number average molecular weight of B) is 600 to 5 000 gmol.
5. The article of claim 1 wherein TPU contains conventional additives for their art-recognized function.
6. The article of claim 3 wherein the amount is up to 70%.
7. The article of claim 1 wherein the organic diisocyanate is at least one member selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate.
8. The article of claim 1 wherein the chain extender comprise 80 to 100 percent relative to its weight of 1,6-hexanediol and 0 to 20 wt. % of a chain extender which is different from 1,6-hexanediol.
9. The article of claim 1, wherein TPU is the product of reacting, optionally in the presence of a catalyst,
A) at least one organic diisocyanate selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, and isophorone diisocyanate,
B) a mixture of 20 to 80% relative to the weight of the mixture of polyester polyol having a number average molecular weight of 600 to 5000 gmol and 20 to 80% relative to the weight of the mixture of polytetrahydrofuran diol having a number average molecular weight of 600 to 1500 gmol, said mixture containing less than 0.2%, relative to the weight of polyester, of 1:1 ring esters of dicarboxylic acid and diol; and
C) chain extender in the form of a mixture of 80 to 100% relative to the weight of C) of 1,6-hexanediol and 0 to 20% relative to the weight of C) of a chain extender with a number average molecular weight of 60 to 500 gmol which is different from 1,6-hexanediol.
10. The article of claim 9, wherein the TPU further contains conventional additives for their art-recognized function.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A light-emitting diode illumination circuit comprising:
light-emitting diodes connected in series; and
compensating elements connected in parallel with the light-emitting diodes, wherein,
each of the compensating elements includes (a) positive and negative terminals and (b) at least one conductor having a predetermined melting point, the conductor melting in the event of open-circuit failure so that the terminals are connected,
each of the compensating elements further includes (a) a resistor between the two terminals and (b) an insulator between the two terminals, and
the conductor is disposed at or near each of joints between the two terminals and the insulator, receives heat transferred from the resistor through the insulator, and melts after reaching a predetermined temperature.
2. A light-emitting diode illumination circuit comprising:
light-emitting diodes connected in series; and
compensating elements connected in parallel with the light-emitting diodes, wherein,
each of the compensating elements includes (a) positive and negative terminals and (b) at least one conductor having a predetermined melting point, the conductor melting in the event of open-circuit failure so that the terminals are connected,
each of the compensating elements further includes (a) a casing, (b) a resistor having terminals at both ends thereof, (c) a low-resistance conductor having terminals at both ends thereof, and (d) an elastic member configured to push the low-resistance conductor against the resistor,
the conductor is provided as a support so as to support the low-resistance conductor with respect to the resistor, and
if the support melts after reaching a predetermined temperature, elastic force of the elastic member brings the low-resistance conductor into contact with the resistor to electrically connect the terminals of the low-resistance conductor to the corresponding terminals of the resistor.
3. A light-emitting diode illumination circuit comprising:
light-emitting diodes connected in series; and
compensating elements connected in parallel with the light-emitting diodes, wherein,
each of the compensating elements includes (a) positive and negative terminals and (b) at least one conductor having a predetermined melting point, the conductor melting in the event of open-circuit failure so that the terminals are connected,
each of the compensating elements further includes (a) a resistor having terminals at both ends thereof, a first auxiliary terminal on one of the terminals, and a second auxiliary terminal on the other terminal and (b) a low-resistance conductor having terminals at both ends thereof, a third auxiliary terminal on one of the terminals, and a fourth auxiliary terminal on the other terminal,
the conductor is provided as a support between the second auxiliary terminal of the resistor and the fourth auxiliary terminal of the low-resistance conductor so as to maintain a predetermined distance between the first auxiliary terminal of the resistor and the third auxiliary terminal of the low-resistance conductor, and
if the support melts after reaching a predetermined temperature, the third auxiliary terminal of the low-resistance conductor comes into contact with the first auxiliary terminal of the resistor and the fourth auxiliary terminal of the low-resistance conductor is connected to the second auxiliary terminal of the resistor through the melted support.
4. A light-emitting diode illumination circuit comprising:
light-emitting diodes connected in series; and
compensating elements connected in parallel with the light-emitting diodes, wherein,
each of the compensating elements includes (a) positive and negative terminals and (b) at least one conductor having a predetermined melting point, the conductor melting in the event of open-circuit failure so that the terminals are connected,
each of the compensating elements further includes (a) a resistor having terminals at both ends thereof, a first auxiliary terminal on one of the terminals, and a second auxiliary terminal on the other terminal and (b) a low-resistance conductor having terminals at both ends thereof, a third auxiliary terminal on one of the terminals, and a fourth auxiliary terminal on the other terminal,
the conductor is provided as a support between the second auxiliary terminal of the resistor and the fourth auxiliary terminal of the low-resistance conductor so as to maintain a predetermined distance between the first auxiliary terminal of the resistor and the third auxiliary terminal of the low-resistance conductor, and
if the support melts after reaching a predetermined temperature, the third auxiliary terminal of the low-resistance conductor comes into contact with the first auxiliary terminal of the resistor and the fourth auxiliary terminal of the low-resistance conductor is connected to the second auxiliary terminal of the resistor through the melted support.
5. A light-emitting diode illumination circuit comprising:
light-emitting diodes connected in series; and
compensating elements connected in parallel with the light-emitting diodes, wherein,
each of the compensating elements includes (a) positive and negative terminals and (b) at least one conductor having a predetermined melting point, the conductor melting in the event of open-circuit failure so that the terminals are connected,
each of the compensating elements further includes (a) a first resistor having an inclined surface at an end thereof and a first terminal at the other end thereof and (b) a second resistor having an inclined surface at an end thereof and a second terminal at the other end thereof, the inclined surfaces of the first and second resistors facing each other,
the conductor is provided on a top portion of each of the inclined surfaces, and
if the conductors provided on the inclined surfaces melt after reaching a predetermined temperature, the conductors flow down the inclined surfaces to connect the first terminal of the first resistor and the second terminal of the second resistor.
6. A light-emitting diode illumination circuit comprising:
light-emitting diodes connected in series; and
compensating elements connected in parallel with the light-emitting diodes, wherein,
each of the compensating elements includes (a) positive and negative terminals and (b) at least one conductor having a predetermined melting point, the conductor melting in the event of open-circuit failure so that the terminals are connected,
each of the compensating elements further includes (a) a resistor between the two terminals and (b) a guide disposed so as to partially cover the resistor and the terminals with a predetermined gap,
the conductor is provided on one of the terminals near the guide, and
if the conductor melts after reaching a predetermined temperature, the melted conductor is made to flow through the gap between one of the terminals and the guide by the action of capillarity to reach the other terminal, thereby connecting the two terminals.
7. The light-emitting diode illumination circuit according to claims 1-6, wherein the melting point of the conductor is lower than that of a solder used for fixing the compensating elements to a light-emitting diode illumination circuit board.
8. The light-emitting diode illumination circuit according to claim 7, wherein the elastic member is disposed between the casing and the low-resistance conductor and is compressed before the support melts.
9. The light-emitting diode illumination circuit according to claim 7, wherein the elastic member is a clip-like elastic member configured to hold the resistor and the low-resistance conductor together.
10. A light-emitting diode illumination circuit comprising:
light-emitting diodes connected in series; and
compensating elements connected in parallel with the light-emitting diodes,
wherein each of the compensating elements includes
(a) a resistor,
(b) two terminals at both ends thereof,
(d) an insulator between the two terminals, and
(e) a conductive paste on the insulator between the two terminals, the insulator transferring heat from the resistor to the conductive paste in the event of open-circuit failure, the conductive paste electrically connecting the two terminals after reaching a predetermined temperature.
11. An illumination device comprising a light-emitting diode illumination circuit including:
light-emitting diodes connected in series; and
compensating elements connected in parallel with the light-emitting diodes,
wherein each of the compensating elements includes
(a) a resistor,
(b) two terminals at both ends thereof,
(c) an insulator between the two terminals, and
(d) a conductive paste on the insulator between the two terminals, the insulator transferring heat from the resistor to the conductive paste in the event of open-circuit failure, the conductive paste electrically connecting the two terminals after reaching a predetermined temperature.
12. A liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a backlight including a light-emitting diode illumination circuit including:
light-emitting diodes connected in series; and
compensating elements connected in parallel with the light-emitting diodes,
wherein each of the compensating elements includes
(a) a resistor,
two terminals at both ends thereof,
(b) an insulator between the two terminals, and
(c) a conductive paste on the insulator between the two terminals, the insulator transferring heat from the resistor to the conductive paste in the event of open-circuit failure, the conductive paste electrically connecting the two terminals after reaching a predetermined temperature.