1. A method for generating XML (Extensible Markup Language) parsers through compilation of XML Schema grammars, the method comprising:
parsing an input document with a generated parser, where the generated parser is generated by a three-stage compilation of an XML Schema, where in a first stage the XML Schema is read and modeled in terms of abstract schema components, where in a second stage the XML Schema is augmented with a set of calculated schema components and properties used to drive code generation, and where in a third stage the XML Schema is traversed to generate validation code for each of a collection of elements;
wherein the validation code for ambiguous but legal content models is generated by:
calculating prohibited occurrence ranges for each of the plurality of particles involved;
generating code to:
evaluate each of the plurality of particles in an inner loop conditioned on an effective upper bound;
then, once the inner loop terminates, check forbidden occurrence ranges for an inner particle, and calculate a range of possible repetitions of an outer particle; and
once an outer loop terminates, check a range of total possible repetitions of the outer particle against actual occurrence limits of the outer particle.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the XML Schema includes either one of: complex types, simple types or a combination of simple types and complex types.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the XML Schema specifies content models.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the generated parser is divided into two logical layers, one a scanning layer and the other a validation layer.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the validation layer is a generated recursive-descent parser that drives a scanner by utilizing compiled, predictive knowledge from the XML Schema.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the scanning layer includes a set of fixed XML primitives for scanning content at a byte level.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A method for the volumetric distribution of a pharmaceutical agent in the tissue of a living vertebrate host, said method comprising:
positioning a needle through the wall of a target blood vessel so that an aperture of the needle is positioned beyond an external elastic lamina (EEL) of the wall by a distance not exceeding 5 mm; and
delivering an amount of the pharmaceutical agent from the aperture so that the agent distributes both longitudinally and radially from the injection site.
2. A method as set in claim 1, wherein the agent distributes longitudinally along the blood vessel over a distance of at least 1 cm and radially by a distance of at least 1 cm or within a time period no greater than 60 minutes.
3. A method as in claim 2, wherein the concentrations of agent at all locations spaced at least 2 cm from the delivery site are at least 10 of the concentration at the delivery site.
4. A method as in claim 1, wherein the agent distributes via the lymphatic system surrounding the target.
5. A method as in claim 1, wherein the aperture of the needle is positioned at a distance less than 5 mm beyond the EEL.
6. A method as in claim 5, wherein pharmaceutical agent comprises a small molecule drug, a protein, or a gene.
7. A method as in claim 6, wherein the agent has a maximum dimension of 200 nm or below.
8. A method as in claim 1, wherein the blood vessel is a coronary blood vessel.
9. A method as in claim 6, wherein the coronary blood vessel is an artery.
10. A method as in claim 7, wherein the coronary artery is at risk of hyperplasia.
11. A method as in claim 7, wherein the coronary artery has regions of vulnerable plaque.
12. A method as in claim 1, wherein the patient is suffering from congestive heart failure or a cardiac arrhythmia.
13. A method as in claim 1, wherein the blood vessel is a cerebral blood vessel and the tissue is in the brain of the host.
14. A method as in claim 1, wherein the blood vessel is a hepatic blood vessel and the tissue is in the liver of the host.
15. A method as in claim 1, wherein the agent is being delivered to treat a neoplastic disease in the tissue.
16. A method as in claim 1, further comprising:
confirming that the aperture is positioned beyond the EEL before delivering the amount of pharmaceutical agent.
17. An improved method for injecting a pharmaceutical agent into the tissue of a living host using a needle positioned from a lumen of a blood vessel, wherein the improvement comprises positioning the needle outwardly from the blood vessel lumen and confirming that a delivery aperture of the needle has penetrated into tissue beyond an external elastic lamina (EEL) of the blood vessel before injecting the pharmaceutical agent.
18. An improved method as in claim 17, wherein confirming comprises injecting contrast media through the needle aperture and observing distribution of the media.
19. An improved method as in claim 17, wherein confirming comprises monitoring injection pressure.
20. An improved method as in claim 17, wherein confirming comprises monitoring temperature near the delivery aperture.
21. An improved method as in claim 17, wherein confirming comprises monitoring pH near he delivery aperture.
22. An improved method as in claim 17, wherein confirming comprises monitoring electrical impedance near the delivery aperture.
23. An improved method as in claim 17, wherein confirming comprises monitoring insertion force while positioning the needle through the EEL.
24. A catheter comprising:
a catheter body;
a needle having an aperture and being deployable from the catheter body; and
means coupled to the needle for detecting when the aperture of the needle has advanced beyond the external elastic lamina of the blood vessel.
25. A catheter as in claim 24, wherein the detecting means comprises a temperature sensor attached to the needle near the aperture.
26. A catheter as in claim 24, wherein the detecting means comprises an electrical impedance sensor attached to the needle near the aperture.
27. A catheter as in claim 24, wherein the detecting means comprises a pH sensor attached to the needle near the aperture.
28. A catheter as in claim 24, wherein the detecting means comprises an insertion force sensor coupled to the needle.
29. A kit for delivering a pharmaceutical agent to a patient suffering from or at risk of vascular disease, said kit comprising:
a catheter having a needle which can be advanced from a blood vessel lumen through a wall of the blood vessel to position an aperture of the needle beyond an external elastic lamina (EEL) of the wall by a distance not exceeding 5 mm; and
instructions for use setting forth a method comprising:
positioning the needle through the wall of the target blood vessel so that the aperture of the needle is positioned beyond the external elastic lamina (EEL) of the wall by a distance not exceeding 5 mm; and
delivering an amount of the pharmaceutical agent from the aperture so that the agent distributes both longitudinally and radially from the injection site.