1. An ejection head, comprising:
a wall member which forms a pressure chamber and has an ejection aperture through which droplets of a liquid are ejected onto an ejection receiving medium, the pressure chamber accommodating the liquid to be ejected from the ejection aperture;
a diaphragm which causes a volume of the pressure chamber to change by performing bending deformation so as to cause the liquid accommodated in the pressure chamber to be ejected from the ejection aperture, the diaphragm forming one face of the pressure chamber;
a piezoelectric element which causes the diaphragm to perform bending deformation in accordance with a drive signal, the piezoelectric element being disposed on the diaphragm; and
a bonding member which bonds the diaphragm with the wall member,
a diaphragm plate which is divided by a groove structure into a plurality of regions, wherein the diaphragm corresponds to one of the regions and wherein depth of the groove structure determines the position of the groove structure on the diaphragm plate adjacent to the bonding member;
wherein the bonding member has a rigidity lower than that of the wall member of the pressure chamber; and
the piezoelectric element has a greater length and a width than an internal effective length and an internal effective width of the pressure chamber thereby to suppress reduction in pressure generated by the piezoelectric element.
2. The ejection head as defined in claim 1, wherein the bonding member comprises an adhesive which bonds the wall member with the diaphragm.
3. The ejection head as defined in claim 1, wherein the bonding member comprises a member having a Young’s modulus of no less than 1 MPa and no more than 1 GPa.
4. The ejection head as defined in claim 1, wherein the rigidity of the bonding member is higher in a thickness direction of the bonding member than a planer direction of the bonding member.
5. The ejection head as defined in claim 1, wherein the bonding member has a thickness less than that of the diaphragm.
6. The ejection head as defined in claim 1, wherein the bonding member has a rigidity lower than that of the diaphragm.
7. The ejection head as defined in claim 1, wherein the wall member forms a plurality of pressure chambers that share the diaphragm.
8. The ejection head as defined in claim 1, wherein the diaphragm also serves as an under electrode for the piezoelectric element.
9. The ejection head as defined in claim 1, wherein the bonding member has an opening corresponding to the pressure chamber.
10. The ejection head as defined in claim 1, wherein a thickness of the bonding member is set so that the higher a Young’s modulus of the bonding member is, the greater the thickness of the bonding member becomes.
11. The ejection head as defined in claim 1, wherein the bonding member has a Young’s modulus of not greater than 100 MPa, when a width Wa of the piezoelectric element and a width Wb of the pressure chamber have a relationship 1<WaWb<1.1.
12. The ejection head as defined in claim 11, wherein the Young’s modulus of the bonding member is not greater than 10 MPa.
13. The ejection head as defined in claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric element distorts in a direction substantially perpendicular to a direction of applied electric field so as to distort the diaphragm in a bending mode.
14. An image forming apparatus, comprising an ejection head which comprises:
a wall member which forms a pressure chamber and has an ejection aperture through which droplets of a liquid are ejected onto an ejection receiving medium, the pressure chamber accommodating the liquid to be ejected from the ejection aperture;
a diaphragm which causes a volume of the pressure chamber to change by performing bending deformation so as to cause the liquid accommodated in the pressure chamber to be ejected from the ejection aperture, the diaphragm forming one face of the pressure chamber;
a diaphragm plate which is divided by a groove structure into a plurality of regions, wherein the diaphragm corresponds to one of the regions and wherein depth of the groove structure determines the position of the groove structure on the diaphragm plate adjacent to the bonding member;
a piezoelectric element which causes the diaphragm to perform bending deformation in accordance with a drive signal, the piezoelectric element being disposed on the diaphragm; and a bonding member which bonds the diaphragm with the wall member,
wherein the bonding member has a rigidity lower than that of the wall member of the pressure chamber; and
the piezoelectric element has a greater length and a width than an internal effective length and an internal effective width of the pressure chamber thereby to suppress reduction in pressure generated by the piezoelectric element.
15. The ejection head as defined in claim 14, wherein the bonding member has a thickness less than that of the diaphragm.
16. The ejection head as defined in claim 14, wherein the bonding member has a rigidity lower than that of the diaphragm.
17. The ejection head as defined in claim 14, wherein the wall member forms a plurality of pressure chambers that share the diaphragm.
18. The ejection head as defined in claim 14, wherein the diaphragm also serves as an under electrode for the piezoelectric element.
19. The ejection head as defined in claim 14, wherein the bonding member has an opening corresponding to the pressure chamber.
20. The ejection head as defined in claim 14, wherein a thickness of the bonding member is set so that the higher a Young’s modulus of the bonding member is, the greater the thickness of the bonding member becomes.
21. The ejection head as defined in claim 14, wherein the bonding member has a Young’s modulus of not greater than 100 MPa, when a width Wa of the piezoelectric element and a width Wb of the pressure chamber have a relationship 1<WaWb<1.1.
22. The ejection head as defined in claim 21, wherein the Young’s modulus of the bonding member is not greater than 10 MPa.
23. The ejection head as defined in claim 14, wherein the piezoelectric element distorts in a direction substantially perpendicular to a direction of applied electric field so as to distort the diaphragm in a bending mode.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of synthesizing a ribonucleic acid, said method comprising contacting a template nucleic acid, in the presence of lead ions (Pb2) or tin (Sn2) ions, with a nucleotide derivatized with an imidazolide.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said contacting is in the presence of tin ions.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said contacting is in the presence of lead ions.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said contacting is in an aqueous solution.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said contacting comprises withdrawing water from a complex formed between said nucleotide and said template nucleic acid.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein said withdrawing comprises drying said aqueous solution under a vacuum.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein said withdrawing comprises freezing said aqueous solution.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said nucleotide is a ribonucleoside 5-monophosphate.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein said nucleotide is selected from the group consisting of cytidylic acid, adenylic acid, guanylic acid, uridylic acid, and inosinic acid.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein said nucleotide is a deoxyribonucleoside 5-monophosphate.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein said imidazolide is selected from the group consisting of imidazole (Im), 2-methylimidazole (2-MeIm), 2,4-dimethylimidazole (2,4-diMeIm), 2-aminobenzimidazole (2-aminobzIm), and 2,4,5-trimethylimidazole (2,4,5-triMeIm).
12. The method of claim 1, wherein said tin ions or lead ions are present at a concentration ranging from about 0.0005 M to about 0.004M.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein said tin or lead is present at a concentration of about 0.0015 M.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the derivatized nucleic acid is also contacted with magnesium (Mg2) or manganese (Mn2) ions.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein said magnesium or manganese is present at a concentration ranging from about 0.0001 to about 0.010 M.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein said magnesium or manganese is present at a concentration of about 0.005 M.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein said magnesium or manganese is provided as a magnesium or manganese salt.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein said magnesium or manganese salt is not a chloride salt.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein said magnesium or manganese salt is magnesium nitrate or manganese nitrate.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein said lead is provided as a lead salt.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein said lead salt is not a chloride salt.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein said lead salt is lead nitrate.
23. The method of claim 1, wherein a ratio of template nucleic acid to mononucleotide to metal ion is about 1:1:1 where the amount of template is expressed in monomer equivalents.
24. The method of claim 14, wherein a ratio of Mg2 to Pb2 is about 4:1.
25. The method of claim 1, wherein said template ranges in length from about 30 to about 300 nucleotides.
26. The method of claim 1, wherein
said nucleotide comprises a cytodine, an adenine, a guanosine, an inosine, and a uradine;
said contacting is in an aqueous solution;
said tin or lead is present at a concentration of about 0.0015 M;
said magnesium is present at a concentration of about 0.005 M; and
said template nucleic acid is present at a concentration of about 0.005M expressed in monomer equivalents.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein said tin or lead is tin.
28. The method of claim 26, wherein said tin or lead is lead.
29. The method of claim 26, further comprising freezing the mixture.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein said mixture is frozen for about 5 to about 30 days.
31. The method of claim 26, further comprising drying the mixture.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein the dried mixture is stored for about 2 to about 6 days.
33. A method of synthesizing a ribonucleic acid, said method comprising contacting, in the presence of lead ions (Pb2) or tin (Sn2) ions, a plurality of activated nucleotides wherein said activated nucleotides are nucleotides derivatized with an imidazolide.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein said contacting is in the presence of tin ions.
35. The method of claim 33, wherein said contacting is in the presence of lead ions.
36. The method of claim 33, wherein said contacting is in an aqueous solution.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein said contacting comprises withdrawing water from a complex formed between said nucleotides.
38. The method of claim 37, wherein said withdrawing comprises drying said aqueous solution under a vacuum.
39. The method of claim 37, wherein said withdrawing comprises freezing said aqueous solution.
40. The method of claim 33, wherein said nucleotides are ribonucleoside 5-monophosphates.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein said nucleotides are independently selected from the group consisting of cytidylic acid, adenylic acid, guanylic acid, uridylic acid, and inosinic acid.
42. The method of claim 33, wherein said nucleotides are deoxyribonucleoside 5-monophosphates.
43. The method of claim 33, wherein said imidazolide is selected from the group consisting of imidazole (Im), 2-methylimidazole (2-MeIm), 2,4-dimethylimidazole (2,4-diMeIm), 2-aminobenzimidazole (2-aminobzIm), and 2,4,5-trimethylimidazole (2,4,5-triMeIm).
44. The method of claim 33, wherein said tin or lead is present at a concentration ranging from about 0.0005 M to about 0.004M.
45. The method of claim 12, wherein said tin or lead is present at a concentration of about 0.0015 M.
46. The method of claim 33, wherein the derivatized nucleic acid is also contacted with magnesium (Mg2) or manganese (Mn2) ions.
47. The method of claim 46, wherein said magnesium or manganese is present at a concentration ranging from about 0.0001 to about 0.010 M.
48. The method of claim 47, wherein said magnesium or manganese is present at a concentration of about 0.005 M.
49. The method of claim 46, wherein said magnesium or manganese is provided as a magnesium or manganese salt.
50. The method of claim 49, wherein said magnesium or manganese salt is not a chloride salt.
51. The method of claim 50, wherein said magnesium or manganese salt is magnesium nitrate or manganese nitrate.
52. The method of claim 33, wherein said lead is provided as a lead salt.
53. The method of claim 52, wherein said lead salt is not a chloride salt.
54. The method of claim 53, wherein said lead salt is lead nitrate.
55. The method of claim 33, wherein a ratio of mononucleotide to metal ion is about 1:1.
56. The method of claim 46, wherein a ratio of Mg2 to Pb2 is about 4:1.
57. The method of claim 33, wherein
said nucleotide comprises a cytodine, an adenine, a guanosine, an inosine, and a uradine;
said contacting is in an aqueous solution;
said tin or lead is present at a concentration of about 0.0015 M; and
said magnesium is present at a concentration of about 0.005 M.
58. The method of claim 57, wherein said tin or lead is tin.
59. The method of claim 57, wherein said tin or lead is lead.
60. The method of claim 57, further comprising freezing the mixture.
61. The method of claim 60, wherein said mixture is frozen for about 5 to about 30 days.
62. The method of claim 57, further comprising drying the mixture.
63. The method of claim 57, wherein the dried mixture is stored for about 2 to about 6 days.
64. A kit for the synthesis of a ribonucleic acid, said kit comprising:
a container containing a nucleotide derivatized with an imidazolide; and
a container containing a lead salt or a tin salt.
65. The kit of claim 64, wherein said kit further comprises a container containing a magnesium salt.
66. The kit of claim 65, wherein said container containing a magnesium salt and said container containing a lead salt are the same container.
67. The kit of claim 66, wherein said lead salt and said magnesium salt are in an aqueous solution.
68. The kit of claim 64, wherein said magnesium salt is not a chloride salt.
69. The kit of claim 64, wherein said lead salt is not a chloride salt.
70. The kit of claim 64, wherein said lead salt is lead nitrate.
71. The kit of claim 64, wherein said magnesium salt is magnesium nitrate.
72. The kit of claim 64, wherein said kit further comprises instructional materials describing the synthesis of RNA according to the method of claim 1.