1. A variable power optical system, comprising:
a first lens group, wherein the first lens group comprises at least a first liquid lens cell;
a second lens group, wherein the second lens group comprises at least a second liquid lens cell; and
a third liquid lens cell configured to control an incident angle of light rays on a sensor,
wherein control of a zoom position is based at least in part on the configuration of the optical power of the first liquid lens cell and the configuration of the optical power of the second liquid lens cell,
wherein a zoom range is greater than about 3\xd7.
2. The variable power optical system of claim 1, wherein control of the zoom position is based at least in part on the configuration of the optical power of the third liquid lens cell.
3. The variable power optical system of claim 1, further comprising a stop located between the first lens group and the second lens group.
4. The variable power optical system of claim 3, wherein the stop is approximately equidistant between a first surface of the first lens group and a last surface of the second lens group.
5. The variable power optical system of claim 1, wherein a diameter of the first liquid lens cell is about the same as a diameter of the second liquid lens cell.
6. The variable power optical system of claim 1, wherein a zoom range is greater than about 4\xd7.
7. The variable power optical system of claim 6, wherein a zoom range is greater than about 5\xd7.
8. The variable power optical system of claim 1, wherein a zoom range is less than or equal to about 5\xd7.
9. The variable power optical system of claim 1, wherein the third liquid lens cell is placed near the sensor and is the last optical component that substantially affects a chief ray angle.
10. The variable power optical system of claim 1 further comprising at least one micro-lens configured to collect and focus light onto a photosensitive area of the sensor.
11. The variable power optical system of claim 1, wherein the third liquid lens cell is configured to control the incident angle of light rays on the sensor to be less than or equal to about 10\xb0 from perpendicular to a surface of the sensor.
12. The variable power optical system of claim 11, wherein the third liquid lens cell is configured to control the incident angle of light rays on the sensor to be less than or equal to about 5\xb0 from perpendicular to the surface of the sensor.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A constant voltageconstant current (CVCC) control circuit for load regulation for a flyback switch mode power supply (SMPS), the CVCC comprising:
a) a voltage feedback circuit configured to generate an output voltage feedback signal;
b) a current feedback circuit configured to generate an output current feedback signal;
c) a control signal generating circuit configured to receive said output voltage feedback signal and said output current feedback signal, and to generate a CVCC control signal;
d) a first enable signal generating circuit configured to compare a first reference voltage and said CVCC control signal to generate a first enable signal;
e) said control signal generating circuit comprising a current controller configured to calculate a difference between said output current feedback signal and a reference current to generate an error signal, a voltage controller configured to compare said output voltage feedback signal against a second reference voltage to generate a first control signal, and a select controller configured to control whether said flyback SMPS operates in a constant voltage mode or a constant current mode based on said first control signal and said error signal;
f) said select controller comprising an OR-gate configured to receive said first control signal and said first enable signal, a first switch configured to receive said error signal and having a control terminal coupled to said OR-gate, a second switch coupled to said first switch and a discharge circuit and being configured to turn on when said first enable signal and said first control signal are inactive, and a capacitor coupled to ground and a common node of said first and second switches, wherein a voltage across said capacitor is configured as said CVCC control signal; and
g) a pulse-width modulation (PWM) controller configured to generate a PWM control signal based on said CVCC control signal to control a main switch of said flyback SMPS, wherein said PWM control signal is configured to turn on said main switch when said first enable signal is inactive, and wherein said main switch remains off when said first enable signal is active.
2. The CVCC control circuit of claim 1, wherein said first enable signal generating circuit comprises a first hysteresis comparator having a non-inverting input terminal configured to receive said first reference voltage, an inverting input terminal configured to receive said CVCC control signal, and an output terminal configured to output said first enable signal.
3. The CVCC control circuit of claim 1, wherein said voltage controller comprises:
a) a first comparator having a non-inverting input terminal configured to receive said second reference voltage, an inverting input terminal configured to receive said output voltage feedback signal, and an output terminal configured to output a middle signal; and
b) a logic controller configured to receive said middle signal, and to generate said first control signal, wherein said PWM control signal is used as a clock signal for said logic controller.
4. The CVCC control circuit of claim 1, further comprising a second enable signal generating circuit having:
a) a second comparator configured to receive said output voltage feedback signal and a third reference voltage;
b) a first AND-gate coupled to receive an output of said second comparator and an inverted version of said PWM control signal; and
c) an RS flip-flop, wherein a reset terminal of said RS flip-flop is coupled to an output of said first AND-gate, a set terminal of said RS flip-flop is coupled to said first enable signal, and an output terminal of said RS flip-flop is configured to output a second enable signal,
d) wherein said PWM control signal is configured to turn on said main switch when said second enable signal is active and said first enable signal is inactive, and
e) wherein said main switch remains off when said second enable signal is inactive or said first enable signal is active.
5. The CVCC control circuit of claim 4, further comprising:
a) a second AND-gate configured to receive said first control signal and said second enable signal, and having an output coupled to said control signal generating module; and
b) a recovery circuit configured to pull down said output voltage feedback signal to fast recover an output of said second comparator to a low level when said output of said second comparator is active.
6. A constant voltageconstant current (CVCC) control method for load regulation for a flyback switch mode power supply (SMPS), the method comprising:
a) obtaining an output current feedback signal and an output voltage feedback signal;
b) generating a CVCC control signal based on said output current feedback signal and said output voltage feedback signal;
c) generating a first enable signal based on said CVCC control signal and a first reference voltage;
d) controlling a main switch of said flyback SMPS based on said first enable signal, wherein said main switch is turned off by said first enable signal when said first enable signal is active;
e) generating, in a first operation mode, a pulse-width modulation (PWM) control signal based on said constant current control signal to control said main switch to maintain substantially constant output current;
f) generating, in a second operation mode, said PWM control signal based on said CVCC control signal, wherein said PWM control signal is used to control said main switch when said first enable signal is inactive;
g) generating an error signal by calculating a difference between said output current feedback signal and a reference current;
h) comparing said output voltage feedback signal against a second reference voltage to generate a first control signal; and
i) selecting, by a select controller, one of said first and second operation modes based on said error signal and said first control signal, wherein said select controller comprises an OR-gate configured to receive said first control signal and said first enable signal, a first switch configured to receive said error signal and having a control terminal coupled to said OR-gate, a second switch coupled to said first switch and a discharge circuit and being configured to turn on when said first enable signal and said first control signal are inactive, and a capacitor coupled to ground and a common node of said first and second switches, wherein a voltage across said capacitor is configured as said CVCC control signal.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
a) obtaining a second enable signal based on said output voltage feedback signal, a third reference voltage, said PWM control signal, and said first enable signal;
b) controlling said main switch based on said PWM control signal when said second enable signal is active and said first enable signal is inactive; and
c) turning off said main switch when said second enable signal is inactive or said first enable signal is active.