1. A servo track sensing system that corrects for radial incoherence, comprising:
a radial incoherence estimator receiving equalized servo data, and providing a radial incoherence estimate;
a sequence detector receiving the equalized servo data and the radial incoherence estimate, the sequence detector providing a sequence detector output; and
a correlator receiving the sequence detector output and providing correlator output data with a reduced level of errors due to radial incoherence.
2. The servo track sensing system of claim 1, further comprising:
an FIR filter receiving unequalized servo data and providing the equalized servo data, the FIR filter including an equalizer that equalizes over a single clock cycle (1T).
3. The servo tracking system of claim 2 wherein the unequalized servo data comprises track error data.
4. The servo track sensing system of claim 2 wherein the equalizer comprises an equalizer f that equalizes according to the formula:
f={circumflex over (K)}f\u22121{circumflex over (R)}sa({circumflex over (R)}aa)\u22121\u0108g \u03bbg+{circumflex over (K)}f\u22121\u0108f \u03bbf.
5. The servo track sensing system of claim 2 wherein the sequence detector comprises a Viterbi sequence detector and interpolation filters.
6. The servo track sensing system of claim 5 wherein the sequence detector samples the equalizer at viterbi detector branches.
7. The servo track sensing system of claim 1 wherein the sequence detector comprises a maximum likelihood sequence detector.
8. The servo track sensing system of claim 7 wherein the maximum likelihood sequence detector maximizes a maximum likelihood metric:
p
\u2061
(
z
_
\u2758
a
_
)
=
1
(
2
\u2062
\u03c0\u03c3
n
2
)
L
+
\u03bc
\u2062
exp
\u2062
{
–
1
2
\u2062
\u03c3
n
2
\u2062
\u2211
k
=
0
L
+
\u03bc
–
1
\u2062
\uf603
z
_
k
–
d
_
k
\uf604
2
,
}
.
9. The servo track sensing system of claim 7 wherein the maximum likelihood sequence detector minimizes a likelihood metric:
\u2211
k
=
0
L
+
\u03bc
–
1
\u2062
\uf603
z
_
k
–
d
^
k
\uf604
2
.
10. A method of correcting for radial incoherence in servo data, comprising:
receiving equalized servo data at a radial incoherence estimator, and providing a radial incoherence estimate;
receiving the equalized servo data and the radial incoherence estimate at a sequence detector, and providing a sequence detector output; and
receiving the sequence detector output at a correlator and providing correlator output data with a reduced level of errors due to radial incoherence.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
receiving unequalized servo data at an FIR filter and providing the equalized servo data, and the FIR filter providing equalization over a single clock cycle (1T) using an equalizer in the FIR filter.
12. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
providing position error signals as the unequalized servo data.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the equalizer equalizes according to the formula:
f={circumflex over (K)}f\u22121{circumflex over (R)}sa({circumflex over (R)}aa)\u22121\u0108g \u03bbg+{circumflex over (K)}f\u22121\u0108f \u03bbf.
14. The method of claim 11 wherein the sequence detector comprises a Viterbi sequence detector and interpolation filters.
15. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
sampling the equalizer at viterbi detector branches with the sequence detector.
16. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
performing maximum likelihood sequence detection in the sequence detector.
17. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
maximizing a maximum likelihood metric:
p
\u2061
(
z
_
\u2758
a
_
)
=
1
(
2
\u2062
\u03c0\u03c3
n
2
)
L
+
\u03bc
\u2062
exp
\u2062
{
–
1
2
\u2062
\u03c3
n
2
\u2062
\u2211
k
=
0
L
+
\u03bc
–
1
\u2062
\uf603
z
_
k
–
d
_
k
\uf604
2
,
}
in the sequence detector.
18. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
minimizing a metric
\u2211
k
=
0
L
+
\u03bc
–
1
\u2062
\uf603
z
_
k
–
d
^
k
\uf604
2
in the sequence detector.
19. A servo track sensing system that corrects for radial incoherence, comprising:
radial incoherence estimator means for receiving equalized servo data, and for providing a radial incoherence estimate;
sequence detector means for receiving the equalized servo data and the radial incoherence estimate, and for providing a sequence detector output; and
correlator means for receiving the sequence detector output and providing correlator output data with a reduced level of errors due to radial incoherence.
20. The servo track sensing system of claim 19, further comprising:
an FIR filter receiving unequalized servo data and providing the equalized servo data, the FIR filter including an equalizer that equalizes over a single clock cycle (1T).
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A blood chamber for an extracorporeal circuit comprising:
a blood containment chamber having a blood inlet and a blood outlet, said blood outlet being situated at a lower height than said blood inlet, said blood inlet being vertically arranged and said blood outlet being vertically arranged, said containment chamber being delimited by a first side wall having a recess with a deepest point situated above said blood inlet and a second side wall opposite said first side wall and situated above said blood outlet, said containment chamber having a bottom wall which is inclined and arranged between said blood inlet and said blood outlet, said bottom wall joining a lower edge of said blood inlet with a lower edge of said blood outlet, said bottom wall having a section with a constant inclination from said lower edge of said blood inlet to said lower edge of said blood outlet;
a blood inlet port situated below said containment chamber;
a first conduit connecting said blood inlet port to said blood containment chamber, said first conduit being conformed and arranged in order not to extend beyond a lateral dimension of said containment chamber, said first conduit having an end tract which terminates in said blood inlet, said end tract being curved and having at least a horizontal inlet component directed internally of said containment chamber towards said second side wall, said end tract nearing said blood outlet, said first conduit comprising a pre-terminal tract which precedes said end tract and which has at least a second horizontal component directed oppositely to said horizontal inlet component, said pre-terminal tract having at least an ascending vertical component, said pre-terminal tract developing in a distancing direction from said blood outlet, said pre-terminal tract being contiguous to said end tract, said end tract and said pre-terminal tract being part of a single curved tract, said first conduit having an ascending tract which precedes said pre-terminal tract and which has at least an ascending vertical component, said first conduit comprising a curve which connects said ascending vertical tract with said pre-terminal tract, a part of said pre-terminal tract extending in a parallel direction to said constantly inclined bottom wall;
a blood outlet port situated in an upper zone of said chamber;
a second conduit for connecting said blood outlet with said blood outlet port, said second conduit extending in a prevalently vertical direction, said second conduit being in remote lateral connection with said second side wall of said containment chamber.
2. The chamber of claim 1, wherein said single curved tract extends for an angle of curvature that is more than 90\xb0.
3. The chamber of claim 1, wherein said single curved tract extends for an angle of curvature that is less than 180\xb0.
4. The chamber of claim 1, wherein said blood inlet port is oriented downwards in order to receive an ascending blood flow.
5. The chamber of claim 1, wherein said blood outlet port is predisposed for outlet of a blood flow in a transport direction having at least an ascending vertical component.
6. The chamber of claim 1, formed in a single piece.
7. The chamber of claim 1, formed from a plastic material by blow-forming.
8. The chamber of claim 1, structured to be an arterial chamber of an extracorporeal blood circuit.
9. An extracorporeal blood circuit comprising at least a blood chamber made according to claim 1.
10. The circuit of claim 9, comprising an arterial line to which said blood chamber is associated.
11. A dialysis set comprising an extracorporeal blood circuit made according to claim 9.
12. An apparatus for extracorporeal blood treatment, comprising:
a blood treatment device;
an extracorporeal blood circuit for connecting a patient to said blood treatment device, said extracorporeal blood circuit comprising at least a blood chamber made according to claim 1; and
a circulation device for transporting the blood through said extracorporeal blood circuit.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, predisposed to perform one or more of the following treatments: hemodialysis, pure ultrafiltration, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration, plasmapheresis, hemoperfusion, therapeutic plasma exchange.