1. A conjugated polymer comprising:
a conjugated polymeric backbone;
a plurality of cationic groups attached to said backbone at a density sufficient to render said polymer soluble in a polar medium having a polarity of at least;
a conductive monomer.
2. The conjugated polymer of claim 1, wherein the conductive monomer increases the ability of the conjugated polymer to inject andor transport holes.
3. The conjugated polymer of claim 1, wherein the conductive monomer increases the ability of the conjugated polymer to inject andor transport electrons.
4. The conjugated polymer of claim 3, wherein the conductive monomer is selected from the group consisting of 9,9-dialkylfluorene, 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-phenylidene, 2,5-dioctyloxy-1,4-phenylidene, and terthiophene.
5. The conjugated polymer of claim 1, wherein the polymer blocks the electrical transport of holes.
6. The conjugated polymer of claim 1, wherein the polymer is poly{9,9-bis(6\u2032-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)-fluorine-2,7-diyl-alt-2,5-bis(p-phenylene)-1,3,4-oxadiazole}(\u201cPFON+(CH3)3\u0393-PBD\u201d).
7. The conjugated polymer of claim 1, wherein the polymer is soluble in a predominantly aqueous medium.
8. The conjugated polymer of claim 1, wherein the polymer is soluble in water.
9. The conjugated polymer of claim 1, wherein the polymer is soluble in methanol.
10. The conjugated polymer of claim 1, wherein the polymer is purified.
11. The conjugated polymer of claim 1, wherein the polymer is synthesized through a Suzuki coupling reaction.
12. The conjugated polymer of claim 1, wherein the polymer is a copolymer.
13. The conjugated polymer of claim 1, wherein the polymer is a block copolymer.
14. The conjugated polymer of claim 1, wherein the polymer is purified.
15. A film comprising the conjugated polymer of claim 1.
16. The film of claim 15, wherein the film has a thickness of less than 200 nm.
17. A substrate comprising a layer of the conjugated polymer of claim 1.
18. A solution comprising the conjugated polymer of claim 1 and a solvent.
19. The solution of claim 18, wherein the solution further comprises a surfactant.
20. The solution of claim 18, wherein the solution comprises water.
21. The solution of claim 18, wherein the solution consists essentially of water as the solvent.
23. The solution of claim 18, wherein the solution comprises an alcohol.
24. The solution of claim 18, wherein the solution consists essentially of an alcohol as the solvent.
25. The solution of claim 18, wherein the solution comprises methanol.
26. The solution of claim 18, wherein the solution consists essentially of methanol as the solvent.
27. An inkjet cartridge comprising the solution of claim 18.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A processor-implemented method performed on a computing device, the method comprising:
detecting a first alert condition on the computing device associated with receiving user input to an application; and
responsive to detecting the first alert condition, providing a first haptic output having a first intensity and corresponding to the user input to the application;
after providing the first haptic output, detecting a second alert condition associated with receiving a predetermined system event in the application; and
responsive to detecting the second alert condition, providing a second haptic output having a second intensity, and corresponding to the predetermined system event, wherein the second intensity is greater than the first intensity.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first haptic output is feedback provided in direct response to and as a consequence of the user input.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second alert condition corresponds to an event that is automatically triggered by the application, an automatically initiated event notification received by the application, or a manually initiated event notification received by the application.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether an input-based modulation condition exists; and
responsive to determining that an input-based modulation condition exists, prior to providing the first haptic output, modifying the first haptic output.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting a respective alert condition;
determining that the respective alert condition resulted from a respective user input received on the computing device;
identifying a measure of user engagement associated with the detected user input; and
modulating the first signal intensity of the first haptic output based on the measure of user engagement.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting a respective alert condition;
determining that the respective alert condition resulted from receiving a tactile user input on the device;
identifying a location of receiving the tactile user input on the device; and
modulating a spatial haptic energy profile of the first haptic output, by providing greater than a specified proportion of haptic energy of the first haptic output within a specified radius threshold of the location of receiving the tactile user input on the device.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting a respective alert condition;
determining that the respective alert condition resulted from receiving a tactile user input on the device; and
modulating a spatial haptic energy profile of the first haptic output, by reducing the amplitude of haptic energy of the first haptic output such that it is perceptible at the location of receiving the tactile user input on the device.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein:
the location of receiving the tactile user input on the device, varies with time; and
the spatial haptic energy varies with time corresponding to the time-varying location of receiving the tactile user input.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting a respective alert condition;
determining that the respective alert condition resulted from receiving a tactile user input;
identifying time-varying morphological attributes of the tactile user input; and
modifying, over time, morphological characteristics of the first haptic output to mimic the time-varying morphological attributes of the tactile user input.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the time-varying morphological attributes include a time-dependent contact pressure profile between the tactile user input and a touch-sensitive surface of the computing device; and
the modifying comprises modulating, with time, an energy profile of the first haptic output to mirror the time-dependent contact pressure profile between the tactile user input and the touch-sensitive surface of the computing device.
11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting a respective alert condition;
determining that the respective alert condition resulted from a sustained user input;
responsive to the determining, initiating the first haptic output at an initiation time of the sustained user input;
detecting termination of the sustained user input; and
terminating the first haptic output at a termination time of the sustained user input.
12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether an ambient condition-based modulation condition exists; and
responsive to determining that an ambient condition-based modulation condition exists, prior to providing the second haptic output, modifying the second haptic output.
13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting a respective alert condition associated with a respective application;
determining that the respective alert condition did not result from receiving user input; and
responsive to determining that the respective alert condition did not result from receiving user input:
determining whether one or more ambient conditions exist for the device as potential interference to haptic output at a time of occurrence of the respective alert condition;
in accordance with a determination that no interferential ambient conditions exist for the device, providing a respective second haptic output based on the state of receptiveness of the user, and
in accordance with a determination that one or more ambient conditions exist for the device as potential interference to haptic output, delaying providing the respective second output to the user.
14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting a respective alert condition associated with a respective application;
determining that the respective alert condition did not result from receiving user input; and
responsive to determining that the respective alert condition did not result from receiving user input:
determining whether one or more ambient conditions exist for the device as potential interference to haptic output at a time of occurrence of the respective alert condition,
in accordance with a determination that no interferential ambient conditions exist for the device, providing a first variant of the second haptic output to the user, the first variant of the second haptic output having a first set of output characteristics, and
in accordance with a determination that one or more ambient conditions exist for the device as potential interference to haptic output, providing a second variant of the second haptic output to the user, the second variant of the second haptic output having a second set of output characteristics, the second set of characteristics different from the first set of characteristics, the second variant of the second haptic output having greater intensity than the first variant of the second haptic output.
15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting a respective alert condition associated with a respective application;
determining that the respective alert condition did not result from receiving user input; and
responsive to determining that the respective alert condition did not result from receiving user input:
providing a priming haptic output as a precursor to the second haptic output, the priming haptic output to increase an engagement level of a user operating the device to the second haptic output, wherein at least a portion of the priming haptic output is more pronounced than the second haptic output; and
providing the second haptic output following and within a specified time interval of providing the priming haptic output.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the priming haptic output comprises a priming haptic component with a time-varying waveform morphology characterized by a progressively increasing intensity of the haptic component with time.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein the priming haptic output comprises a priming haptic component with a time-varying waveform morphology characterized by an emphasized haptic feature followed by a progressively diminishing intensity of the haptic component.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the second haptic output is preceded by the priming haptic output; and
the first haptic output is provided directly, without a corresponding preceding priming haptic output, in response to a corresponding alert condition that results from a received user input.
19. The method of claim 15, wherein characteristics of the priming haptic output are selected based on an urgency or context associated with the alert condition.
20. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting a first alert condition corresponding to a user selection of a user interface element displayed on an application user interface associated with a first application;
responsive to the first alert condition, providing a respective first haptic output representing the user selection of a user interface element, the respective first haptic output comprising a first haptic component including a first haptic feature of a first intensity and a first duration;
after providing the respective first haptic output, detecting a second alert condition corresponding to an alert notification received by the first application; and
responsive to the second alert condition, providing a respective second haptic output representing the receipt of the alert notification, the respective second haptic output comprising a second haptic component including a second haptic feature of a second intensity and a second duration, the respective second haptic output different from and more pronounced than the respective first output based on the second haptic feature being more pronounced than the first haptic feature, the second intensity being greater than the first intensity, or the second duration being longer than the first duration.
21. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
detecting a first alert condition associated with a first application, the first alert condition resulting from a respective user input;
providing a respective first haptic output representing the first alert condition;
after providing the respective first haptic output, detecting a second alert condition associated with the first application, the second alert condition not resulting from receiving user input; and
providing a respective second haptic output representing the second alert condition, the respective second haptic output different from and having greater intensity than the respective first output.
22. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first haptic output has a first set of characteristics comprising one or more of: an amplitude of the first haptic output, a duration of the first haptic output, a regularity associated with the first haptic output, repetition frequency of haptic features in the first haptic output, a selection of haptic features constituting the first haptic output; and
the second haptic output has a second set of characteristics comprising one or more of: an amplitude of the second haptic output, a duration of the haptic component associated with the second haptic output, a regularity associated with the second haptic output, repetition frequency of haptic features in the second haptic output, a selection of haptic features constituting the second haptic output.
23. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first haptic output is accompanied by a first audio output;
the second haptic output is accompanied by a second audio output;
the first haptic output is similar to the second haptic output; and
the first audio output is different from the second audio output.
24. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first haptic output is accompanied by a first audio output;
the second haptic output is accompanied by a second audio output;
the first audio output is similar to the second audio output; and
the first haptic output is different from the second haptic output.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the first intensity of the first haptic output and the second intensity of the second haptic output is further adjusted in inverse relation to a volume setting on the device.
26. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the second haptic output is accompanied by an audio output; and
the first haptic output is not accompanied by an audio output.
27. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the computing device comprises a touch-sensitive display for receiving the user input; and
the first haptic output and the second haptic output are provided via the touch-sensitive display on the computing device.
28. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing executable code, the code when executed causes a processor at a computing device with a tactile output generator to perform the following steps:
detecting a first alert condition on the computing device associated with receiving user input to an application; and
responsive to detecting the first alert condition, providing a first haptic output having a first intensity and corresponding to the user input to the application;
after providing the first haptic output, detecting a second alert condition associated with receiving a predetermined system event in the application; and
responsive to detecting the second alert condition, providing a second haptic output having a second intensity, and corresponding to the predetermined system event, wherein the second intensity is greater than the first intensity.
29. A device comprising:
a tactile output generator;
a touch-sensitive surface; and
memory storing one or more programs that include instructions for:
detecting a first alert condition on the computing device associated with receiving user input to an application; and
responsive to detecting the first alert condition, providing a first haptic output having a first intensity and corresponding to the user input to the application;
after providing the first haptic output, detecting a second alert condition associated with receiving a predetermined system event in the application; and
responsive to detecting the second alert condition, providing a second haptic output having a second intensity, and corresponding to the predetermined system event, wherein the second intensity is greater than the first intensity.