1. A volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus comprised of:
a valve housing;
at least one volumetric pressure vessel component;
a velocity fuse assembly;
an inflow aperture; and
an outflow aperture;
wherein the shape and size of said at least one volumetric pressure vessel compartment changes to maximize the shut-off of fluid flow.
2. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 which includes multiple volumetric pressure vessel components.
3. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 2 wherein said multiple volumetric pressure vessel components are connected in a series configuration.
4. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 2 wherein said multiple volumetric pressure vessel components are connected in a parallel configuration.
5. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 wherein the thickness of said valve housing is proportional to the volumetric pressure of the hydraulic system in which said volumetric pressure vessel valve is used.
6. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 wherein the diameters of said inflow aperture and said outflow aperture are proportional to the Reynolds number representation.
7. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 which further includes a spring.
8. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 which further includes a snap ring.
9. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 which further includes a spool.
10. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 9 which further includes a spool housing threaded to said at least one volumetric pressure vessel component and a washer between said spool housing and said at least one volumetric pressure vessel component.
11. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 wherein fluid accumulates in said at least one volumetric pressure vessel component.
12. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 wherein said valve housing further includes a tool contour for engaging tools.
13. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 wherein said at least one volumetric pressure vessel component is of a configuration selected from the group consisting of square, tubular, round, spiral, ribbed, multi-channeled, sieved, and angular.
14. A hydraulic system resistant to fluid surges comprised of:
multiple volumetric pressure vessel valves each comprised of:
a valve housing;
at least one volumetric pressure vessel component;
a velocity fuse assembly;
an inflow aperture; and
an outflow aperture.
15. The hydraulic system of claim 14 wherein said multiple volumetric pressure vessel valves are connected in series.
16. The hydraulic system of claim 14 wherein said multiple volumetric pressure vessel valves are connected in parallel.
17. The hydraulic system of claim 14 wherein at least one of said multiple volumetric pressure vessel valves is located in the pressure supply side of said hydraulic system.
18. The hydraulic system of claim 14 wherein at least one of said multiple volumetric pressure vessel valves is located in the lower volume subsystem of said hydraulic system.
19. The hydraulic system of claim 14 wherein said hydraulic system further includes equipment having at least one reservoir, said equipment selected from the group consisting of a bulldozer, backhoe, crane, oil rig and mining equipment.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A chain extender composition which comprises
(i) an aromatic primary diamine, and
(ii) a component selected from the group consisting of:
(a) an aliphatic secondary diamine;
(b) an aliphatic primary diamine;
(c) an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine;
(d) a diimine; and
(e) a combination of any two or more of (a) through (d),
with the proviso that when (ii) is (a), (a) has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, and with the proviso that when (ii) is (d), and (d) is an aromatic diimine, each imino hydrocarbylidene group has at least two carbon atoms.
2. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (i) is an aromatic primary diamine in which each position ortho to an amino group bears a hydrocarbyl group, and which aromatic primary diamine is in the form of one phenyl ring having two amino groups on the ring, which amino groups are meta or para relative to each other.
3. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (i) is an aromatic primary diamine in which each position ortho to an amino group bears a hydrocarbyl group, and which aromatic primary diamine is in the form of two phenyl rings connected by an alkylene bridge and having one amino group on each ring.
4. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (i) is a mixture of 2,4-diethyl-6-methyl-1,3-benzenediamine and 4,6-diethyl-2-methyl-1,3-benzenediamine.
5. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine which has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine has a single ring, and wherein at least one of the amino groups is bound directly to a ring.
6. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine which has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, and wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine is a straight chain.
7. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (ii) is N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-1,6-diaminohexane, N,N\u2032-di-2-(4-methylpentyl)-isophoronediamine, or N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-TCD diamine.
8. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein said aliphatic primary diamine has at least one of the following features:
the hydrocarbyl portion of the diamine is cyclic or a straight chain;
the aliphatic primary diamine has about four to about ten carbon atoms.
9. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein said aliphatic primary diamine has at least one of the following features:
the hydrocarbyl portion of the diamine is cyclic or a straight chain;
the aliphatic primary diamine has about four to about ten carbon atoms.
10. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein the aliphatic secondary diamine either
has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups,
wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine has a single ring,
wherein at least one of the amino groups is bound directly to a ring; or
has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups,
wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine is a straight chain.
11. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein said aliphatic secondary diamine is N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-1,6-diaminohexane, N,N\u2032-di-2-(4-methylpentyl)-isophoronediamine, or N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-3(4),8(9)-bis-(aminomethyl)-tricyclo5.2.1.0(2,6)decane.
12. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (ii) is an aromatic diimine which is either in the form of one phenyl ring having two imino groups on the ring, in which each position ortho to an imino group bears a hydrocarbyl group, or is in the form of two phenyl rings connected by an alkylene bridge and having one imino group on each ring, in which each position ortho to an imino group bears a hydrocarbyl group.
13. A process for producing a polymer, which process comprises mixing together (A) at least one aromatic polyisocyanate, (B) at least one polyol andor at least one polyetheramine, and (C) a chain extender comprised of
(i) an aromatic primary diamine, and
(ii) a component selected from the group consisting of:
(a) an aliphatic secondary diamine;
(b) an aliphatic primary diamine;
(c) an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine;
(d) a diimine; and
(e) a combination of any two or more of (a) through (d),
with the proviso that when (ii) is (a), (a) has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, and with the proviso that when (ii) is (d), and (d) is an aromatic diimine, each imino hydrocarbylidene group has at least two carbon atoms.
14. A process as in claim 13 wherein said polyisocyanate is 4,4-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, and wherein (B) is at least one polyetheramine.
15. A process as in claim 13 wherein (i) is an aromatic primary diamine in which each position ortho to an amino group bears a hydrocarbyl group, and which aromatic primary diamine is in the form of one phenyl ring having two amino groups on the ring, which amino groups are meta or para relative to each other.
16. A process as in claim 13 wherein (i) is an aromatic primary diamine in which each position ortho to an amino group bears a hydrocarbyl group, and which aromatic primary diamine is in the form of two phenyl rings connected by an alkylene bridge and having one amino group on each ring.
17. A process as in claim 13 wherein (i) is a mixture of 2,4-diethyl-6-methyl-1,3-benzenediamine and 4,6-diethyl-2-methyl-1,3-benzenediamine.
18. A process as in claim 13 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine which has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine has a single ring, and wherein at least one of the amino groups is bound directly to a ring.
19. A process as in claim 13 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine which has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, and wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine is a straight chain.
20. A process as in claim 13 wherein (ii) is N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-1,6-diaminohexane, N,N\u2032-di-2-(4-methylpentyl)-isophoronediamine, or N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-TCD diamine.
21. A process as in claim 13 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein said aliphatic primary diamine has at least one of the following features:
the hydrocarbyl portion of the diamine is cyclic or a straight chain;
the aliphatic primary diamine has about four to about ten carbon atoms.
22. A process as in claim 13 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein the aliphatic secondary diamine either
has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups,
wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine has a single ring,
wherein at least one of the amino groups is bound directly to a ring; or
has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups,
wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine is a straight chain.
23. A process as in claim 13 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein said aliphatic secondary diamine is N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-1,6-diaminohexane, N,N\u2032-di-2-(4-methylpentyl)-isophoronediamine, or N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-3(4),8(9)-bis-(aminomethyl)-tricyclo5.2.1.0(2,6)decane.
24. A process as in claim 13 wherein a quasiprepolymer is formed during the process.
25. A process as in claim 13 wherein a prepolymer is formed during the process.
26. A polymer which is formed from ingredients comprising (A) at least one aromatic polyisocyanate, (B) at least one polyol andor at least one polyetheramine, and (C) a chain extender comprised of
(i) an aromatic primary diamine, and
(ii) a further component selected from the group consisting of:
(a) an aliphatic secondary diamine;
(b) an aliphatic primary diamine;
(c) an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine;
(d) a diimine; and
(e) a combination of any two or more of (a) through (d),
with the proviso that when (ii) is (a), (a) has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, and with the proviso that when (ii) is (d), and (d) is an aromatic diimine, each imino hydrocarbylidene group has at least two carbon atoms.
27. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein said polyisocyanate is 4,4-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, and wherein (B) is at least one polyetheramine.
28. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (i) is an aromatic primary diamine in which each position ortho to an amino group bears a hydrocarbyl group, and which aromatic primary diamine is in the form of one phenyl ring having two amino groups on the ring, which amino groups are meta or para relative to each other.
29. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (i) is an aromatic primary diamine in which each position ortho to an amino group bears a hydrocarbyl group, and which aromatic primary diamine is in the form of two phenyl rings connected by an alkylene bridge and having one amino group on each ring.
30. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (i) is a mixture of 2,4-diethyl-6-methyl-1,3-benzenediamine and 4,6-diethyl-2-methyl-1,3-benzenediamine.
31. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine which has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine has a single ring, and wherein at least one of the amino groups is bound directly to a ring.
32. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine which has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, and wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine is a straight chain.
33. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (ii) is N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-1,6-diaminohexane, N,N\u2032-di-2-(4-methylpentyl)-isophoronediamine, or N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-TCD diamine.
34. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein said aliphatic primary diamine has at least one of the following features:
the hydrocarbyl portion of the diamine is cyclic or a straight chain;
the aliphatic primary diamine has about four to about ten carbon atoms.
35. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein the aliphatic secondary diamine either
has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups,
wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine has a single ring,
and at least one of the amino groups is bound directly to a ring; or
has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups,
and the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine is a straight chain.
36. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein said aliphatic secondary diamine is N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-1,6-diaminohexane, N,N\u2032-di-2-(4-methylpentyl)-isophoronediamine, or N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-3(4),8(9)-bis-(aminomethyl)-tricyclo5.2.1.0(2,6)decane.