We claim:
1. An expansion device comprising:
a plurality of electronic circuits;
a first power source;
a second power source separated from said first power source and connected with said plurality of electronic circuits;
at least one first pin for providing power to said plurality of electronic circuits via said second power source from an external power source; and
at least one second pin for providing power from an external power source before power is supplied from said first pin.
2. An expansion device according to claim 1, wherein said first power source includes a plurality of control elements for controlling power supply to said plurality of electronic circuits.
3. An expansion device according to claim 1, wherein said second pin is longer than said first pin.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A compound having the structure of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a physiologically functional derivative thereof:
wherein R\u2032 is hydrogen, methyl, or C1-C2 double bond;
R2 is hydrogen, bromine, chlorine, methyl, C4-C5 double bond, C5-C6 double bond, hydroxyl, or C5-C6 epoxy;
R3 is hydrogen, bromine, chlorine, hydroxyl, methoxyl, ethoxyl, \u2550O, \u2014O-acetyl, or \u2014O-benzoyl;
R4 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, methoxyl, ethoxyl, \u2550O, \u2014O-acetyl, or \u2014O-benzoyl;
R5 is hydrogen, fluorine, C9-C1, double bond, or C9-C11 epoxy;
R6 and R7 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, methoxyl, ethoxyl, \u2550O, \u2014O-acetyl, and \u2014O-benzoyl;
R8 is hydrogen, methyl, hydroxyl, C13-C14 double bond, C14-C15 double bond, or C14-C15 epoxy;
R9 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, hydroxyl, C15-C16 double bond, \u2550O, \u2014O-acetyl, or \u2014O-benzoyl;
R10 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, methoxyl, ethoxyl, \u2550O, \u2014O-acetyl, or \u2014O-benzoyl, or R10 forms a second bond between positions C16 and C17;
R11 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, acetylenyl, vinyl, \u2014CN, \u2014N3, carboxyl, methyl carboxyl, ethyl carboxyl, acetyl, 2-hydroxyacetyl,1-hydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxyethyl, \u2014CHR15\u2014(CH2)2\u2014R16, or a lactone of the formula
wherein the dashed bonds represent a single bond or double bond;
R12 is a guanide or biguanide having the following formula:
wherein R13 and R14 are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, n-butyl, or phenethyl;
R15 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, hydroxyl, \u2014O-acetyl, or \u2014O-benzoyl;
R16 is hydrogen, iso-butyl, isocrotyl, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOCH3, \u2014COOCH2CH3, \u2014CO\u2014NH2, \u2014CO\u2014NHOH, \u2014CO\u2014NHCH2COOH, or \u2014CO\u2014NHCH2CH2SO3H;
R18 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; and
R19 is hydrogen, methyl, hydroxymethyl, formyl, carboxyl, methyl carboxyl or ethyl carboxyl; and
L is COO\u2014, a bond or a linker having 1 to 6 atoms in the main chain.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein L is COO\u2014.
3. The compound of claim 1, wherein R12 is a biguanide.
4. The compound of claim 3, wherein each of R13 and R14 is hydrogen.
5. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound in free form has a structure of Formula Ia or Ib
wherein R4 and R7 are independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, methoxyl, ethoxyl, \u2550O, \u2014O-acetyl, or \u2014O-benzoyl;
R17 is hydroxyl, methoxyl, ethoxyl, or one amino group selected from those of the following formulas:
and
R12 is a guanide or biguanide having the following formula:
wherein R13 and R14 are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, n-butyl, or phenethyl.
6. The compound of claim 5, wherein L is COO\u2014.
7. The compound of claim 5, wherein R12 is a biguanide.
8. The compound of claim 7, wherein each of R13 and R14 is hydrogen.
9. The compound of claim 1, which is
10. The compound of claim 1, which is
11. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of claim 1, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, or excipients.
12. A pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the compound is the compound of claim 5.
13. A pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the compound is the compound of claim 9.
14. A pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the compound is the compound of claim 10.
15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 13, which is for the treatment of diabetes.
16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15, wherein the diabetes is type-2 diabetes.
17. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 14, which is for the treatment of diabetes.
18. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein the diabetes is type-2 diabetes.
19. A method for treating diabetes comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, or excipients.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the diabetes is type-2 diabetes.
21. The method of claim 19, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 5 together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, or excipients.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the diabetes is type-2 diabetes.
23. The method of claim 19, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 9 together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, or excipients.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the diabetes is type-2 diabetes.
25. The method of claim 19, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, or excipients.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein the diabetes is type-2 diabetes.