What is claimed is:
1. A compost blend for use in erosion control, sedimentation, and remediation comprising:
(a) one or more organic compost materials, and
(b) one or more fibrous materials.
2. The compost blend of claim 1, wherein the organic compost material comprises recycled organic materials.
3. The compost blend of claim 1, wherein the blend comprises a ratio of organic compost material to fibrous materials of about 25:75 (v:v).
4. The compost blend of claim 3, wherein the blend comprises a ratio of organic compost material to fibrous materials of about 50:50 (v:v).
5. A filter mat or berm comprising the compost blend of claim 1.
6. A method for managing landscapes comprising:
(a) providing a compost blend comprising one or more organic compost materials, and one or more fibrous materials; and
(b) applying the compost blend to a target site.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the compost blend is blown or otherwise spread onto the target site.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
We claim:
1. A free-space optical data transmission system, comprising;
first and second telescopes spaced from and aimed at each other,
a light transmitter operably coupled to the first telescope for providing data-encoded light to the first telescope which directs that data-encoded light to the second telescope,
a light receiver operably coupled to the second telescope for receiving the data-encoded light from the first telescope, and
an adaptive optics system provided with one of the telescopes for determining characteristics of the wavefront of light transmitted between the first and second telescopes and modifying the wavefront.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein both said telescopes have both said light transmitter and a said light receiver operably coupled to the telescope.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein a said adaptive optics system is provided with each said telescope.
4. The system of claim 2 or 3, wherein operably coupled to each said telescope is means for distinguishingseparating the data-encoded light transmitted therefrom and the data-encoded light received thereby.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein said adaptive optics system is provided with the second telescope.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein a separate reference light is transmitted between the telescopes and received by said adaptive optics system for determining the wavefront characteristics.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein said adaptive optics system is provided only with said first telescope, and a probe light beam transmitter is provided with said second telescope for providing the light transmitted to the said first telescope for determining the wavefront characteristics.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein said probe light beam is of a different wavelength than the data-encoded light.
9. the system of claim 1, wherein an adaptive optics system is provided with each telescope, and the beam of data-encoded light is sized to isolate the effects of each said adaptive optics system from the other adaptive optics system.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the phase effects of the data-encoded light transmitted from one telescope are transformed into intensity effects at the other telescope.
11. A free-space optical data transmission system, comprising;
first and second telescopes spaced from and aimed at each other,
a light transmitter operably coupled to the first telescope for providing data-encoded light to the first telescope which directs that data-encoded light to the second telescope,
a light receiver operably coupled to the second telescope for receiving the data-encoded light from the first telescope,
a wavefront sensor provided with at least one of the telescopes for determining characteristics of the wavefront of light transmitted from the first telescope to the second telescope and
a deformable mirror operably coupled to each said wavefront sensor and positioned in the path of the data-encoded light for modifying the wavefront of the data-encoded light in response to the wavefront characteristics determined by the wavefront sensor.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein both said telescopes have both said light transmitter and a said light receiver operably coupled to the telescope.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein a said wavefront sensor and a said deformable mirror is provided with each said telescope.
14. The system of claim 12 or 13, wherein operably coupled to each said telescope is means for distinguishingseparating the data-encoded light transmitted therefrom and the data-encoded light received thereby.
15. The system of claim 11, wherein said wavefront sensor and deformable mirror are provided with said second telescope.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the beam of data-encoded light transmitted by each said transmitter is of a size to isolate the effects of each wavefront sensor and deformable mirror from the other wavefront sensor and deformable mirror.
17. The system of claim 11, wherein the phase effects of the data-encoded light transmitted from one telescope are transformed into intensity effects at the other telescope.
18. The system of claim 11, wherein a separate reference light is transmitted between the telescopes and received by said wavefront sensor for determining the wavefront characteristics, and said separate reference light has a different wavelength than said data-encoded light.
19. The system of claim 11, wherein said wavefront sensor determines the curvature of the wavefront of the transmitted light.
20. The system of claim 11 or 19, wherein the deformable mirror is a deformable curvature mirror.
21. A free-space optical data transmission system, comprising:
a pair of transceivers spaced at a substantial distance from at each other;
each transceiver having a telescope pointed at the telescope of the other transceiver,
each transceiver having a light transmitter and a light receiver operably connected to the telescope of that transceiver for transmitting and receiving, respectively, data-encoded light to and from the other telescope, and
each said transceiver having means for distinguishingseparating between the data-encoded light transmitted therefrom and the data-encoded light received from the other transceiver.
22. The system of claim 21, wherein said means for distinguishingseparating the transmitted light and received light in each transceiver comprises means for transmitting light of different wavelengths from the light transmitter of each said transceiver.
23. The system of claim 22, wherein said means for distinguishingseparating further comprises means in each transceiver for separating the light received by its wavelength.
24. The system of claim 22, wherein said means for distinguishingseparating further comprises a fiber wavelength division multiplexer.
25. The system of claim 21, wherein said means for distinguishingseparating the transmitted light and received light in each transceiver comprises means for polarizing the light transmitted by the light transmitter of each transceiver in a different polarization than the polarization of the light received at that transceiver.
26. The system of claim 25, wherein said means for distinguishingseparating further comprises a quarter wave plate provided with each transceiver.
27. The system of claim 25, wherein said means for distinguishingseparating further comprises a half wave plate provided with each transceiver.
28. The system of claim 25, 26 or 27, wherein said means for distinguishingseparating further comprises polarized beamsplitters provided with each transceiver.
29. The system of claim 21, wherein said means for distinguishingseparating the transmitted light and the received light in each transceiver comprises means for time domain multiplexing of the light transmitter by each said light transmitter.
30. The system of claim 21, wherein said means for distinguishingseparating the transmitted light and the received light in each transceiver comprises means for separating light beams traveling in opposite directions to and from a transceiver.
31. The system of claim 30, wherein said means for separating light beams further comprises a light circulator.
32. The system of claim 21, wherein said means for distinguishingseparating the transmitted light and the received light in each transceiver comprises means in each transceiver for spatially separating the location of the light transmitter and the light receiver.
33. The system of claim 32, wherein in each transceiver the light transmitter comprises a first optic fiber and the light receiver comprises a second optic fiber laterally spaced from said first optic fiber.
34. The system of claim 32, wherein each transceiver is provided with a plurality of light transmitters in first predetermined locations and a plurality of light receivers in second predetermined locations separate from said first predetermined locations.
35. The system of claim 34, wherein each telescope optically directs received light to said light receivers operably connected to that said telescope.
36. The system of claim 34 or 35, wherein said plurality of light receivers comprise an array of optic fibers.
37. The system of claim 36, wherein said plurality of light transmitters comprises an array of optic fibers.
38. The system of claim 34, said plurality of light transmitters comprises an array of optic fibers.
39. The system of claim 21, wherein a plurality of said light transmitters are provided with at least one of said transceivers, and means are provided for coherence management of the plural beams of transmitted light.
40. The system of claim 21, wherein a plurality of said light receivers are provided with at least one of said transceivers, and means are provided for coherence management of the plural beams of received light.
41. The system of claim 39 or 40, wherein said coherence management means comprises at least one of means for causing light path delays, incoherent optical amplifiers and OE or OEO conversion.
42. A free-space optical data transmission system, comprising:
a pair of transceivers spaced at a substantial distance from at each other;
each transceiver having a telescope pointed at the telescope of the other transceiver,
each transceiver having a light transmitter and a light receiver operably connected to the telescope of that transceiver for transmitting and receiving, respectively, data-encoded light to and from the other telescope,
each said transceiver having means for distinguishingseparating between the data-encoded light transmitted therefrom and the data-encoded light received from the other transceiver,
a wavefront sensor provided with each of said transceivers for determining the characteristics of the wavefront of light transmitted from one transceiver to the other transceiver having that wavefront sensor, and
a deformable mirror provided with each transceiver and operably connected to the wavefront sensor provided in that transceiver, said deformable mirror positioned in the path of the data-encoded light received by that transceiver for compensating for the wavefront of the data-encoded light in response, at least in part, to the wavefront characteristics determined by the wavefront sensor to which that deformable mirror is operably connected.
43. The system of claim 42, wherein each said transceiver further comprises means for deformable mirror conjugation.
44. The system of claim 42, wherein each said transceiver is provided with a plurality of said wavefront sensors and said deformable mirrors.
45. The system of claim 44, wherein each said transceiver further comprises means for deformable mirror conjugation of each said deformable mirror.
46. The system of claim 42, wherein a separate reference light is transmitted between the telescopes and received by said wavefront sensor for determining the wavefront characteristics.
47. The system of claim 42, wherein said wavefront sensor determines the curvature of the wavefront of the transmitted light.
48. The system of claim 42 or 47, wherein the deformable mirror is a deformable curvature mirror.
49. The system of claim 42, wherein said means for distinguishingseparating the transmitted light and received light in each transceiver comprises means for transmitting light of different wavelengths from the light transmitter of each said transceiver.
50. The system of claim 42, wherein said means for distinguishingseparating the transmitted light and received light in each transceiver comprises means for polarizing the light transmitted by the light transmitter of each transceiver in a different polarization than the polarization of the light received at that transceiver.
51. The system of claim 42, wherein said means for distinguishingseparating the transmitted light and the received light in each transceiver comprises means for time domain multiplexing of the light transmitter by each said light transmitter.
52. The system of claim 42, wherein said means for distinguishingseparating the transmitted light and the received light in each transceiver comprises means for separating light beams traveling in opposite directions to and from a transceiver.
53. The system of claim 42, wherein said means for distinguishingseparating the transmitted light and the received light in each transceiver comprises means in each transceiver for spatially separating the location of the light transmitter and the light receiver.
54. The system of claim 42, wherein a plurality of said light transmitters are provided with at least one of said transceivers, and means are provided for coherence management of the plural beams of transmitted light.
55. The system of claim 42, wherein a plurality of said light receivers are provided with at least one of said transceivers, and means are provided for coherence management of the plural beams of received light.
56. The system of claim 54 or 55, wherein said coherence management means comprises at least one of means for causing light path delays, incoherent optical amplifiers and OE or OEO conversion.
57. The system of claim 42, wherein the beam size is adjusted such that the phase effects of the data-encoded light transmitted from one telescope are transformed into intensity effects at the other telescope.
58. The system of claim 42, wherein the beam of data-encoded light transmitted by each said transmitter is of a size to isolate the effects of each wavefront sensor and deformable mirror from the other wavefront sensor and deformable mirror.
59. A free-space optical data transmission system, comprising;
first and second transceivers having first and second telescopes, said telescopes spaced a substantial distance from and aimed in the direction of each other,
each telescope mounted for controlled movement for aiming at the other telescope, each transceiver having a light transmitter for providing light to that transceiver’s telescope which directs that light to the other telescope,
each transceiver having a light receiver for receiving the light from that transceiver’s telescope that is received from the other telescope, means provided with at least said first telescope and its light transmitter for causing a diverging light beam to be directed toward and impinge upon said second telescope,
means operably connected to said light receiver of said second telescope for sensing the diverging light beam from said first telescope and causing controlled movement of said second telescope to aim directly at said a first telescope as the source of the diverging light beam, and
means operably connected to said light receiver of said first telescope for sensing a focused light beam from said second telescope, causing controlled movement of said first telescope to aim directly at said second telescope as the source of the focused light beam, and adjusting the diverging light beam to focus on said second telescope.
60. The system of claim 59, wherein each said light transmitter further comprises a data-encoded light transmitting function.
61. The system of claim 59, wherein each said light receiver further comprises a data-encoded light receiving function.
62. The system of claim 60, wherein each said light receiver further comprises a data-encoded light receiving function.
63. The system of claim 60, 61 or 62, wherein
each transceiver has means for distinguishingseparating the data-encoded light transmitted therefrom and the data-encoded light received from the other transceiver.
64. The system of claim 59, 60, 61 or 62, further comprising
a wavefront sensor provided with each transceiver for determining the curvature of the wavefront of data-encoded light transmitted between the first and second telescopes, and
a deformable curvature mirror operably connected to each wavefront sensor and positioned in the path of the data-encoded light for modifying the wavefront curvature of the data-encoded light in response to the wavefront curvature determined by the wavefront sensor operably connected to that deformable mirror.
65. The system of claim 59, wherein a wavefront sensor is provided with each transceiver, and each said wavefront sensor has an acquisition field of view of a size for receiving defocused light transmitted from the other transceiver.
66. The system of claim 65, wherein said acquisition field of view is about 2 are minutes.