What is claimed is:
1. A rotary-body type throttle valve for a spark ignition internal combustion engine comprising:
a valve casing having an interior;
an upstream intake passage and a downstream intake passage;
an intake passage formed within said interior and having a rotary-body recess portion formed within said intake passage and having an axis line intersecting a central axis of said intake passage;
a valve element having a rotary-body shape rotatably fitted into said rotary-body recess portion of said valve casing;
a communication passage provided between said upstream and downstream intake passages, said upstream intake passage and said downstream intake passage sandwiching said rotary-body recess portion; and
a through hole formed in a first rotary outer surface of said valve element, said through hole directed from said communication passage of said valve element in a direction intersecting the central axis of said communication passage and penetrating said first rotary outer surface of said valve element.
2. The valve according to claim 1, wherein a dimension of said through hole as measured with respect to a circumferential direction of said valve-element is set between – of a diameter of said intake passage.
3. The valve according to claim 2, wherein said valve element includes a first wall portion and a second wall portion disposed in radially opposite positions, respectively, and located along an exterior of said communication passage in a fully-open valve state.
4. A rotary-body type throttle valve for a spark ignition internal combustion engine comprising:
a valve casing having an interior;
an upstream intake passage and a downstream intake passage;
an intake passage formed within said interior and having a rotary-body recess portion formed within said intake passage and having an axis line intersecting a central axis of said intake passage;
a valve element having a rotary-body shape rotatably fitted into said rotary-body recess portion of said valve casing;
a communication passage provided between said upstream and downstream intake passages, said upstream intake passage and said downstream intake passage sandwiching said rotary-body recess portion; and
a groove formed in at least a portion of an inclined wall surface of said upstream intake passage and in parallel with a planar plane including an axis of said upstream intake passage and a rotary axis of said valve element.
5. The valve according to claim 4, wherein said groove has a depth less than or equal to a thickness of a valve wall of said valve element.
6. The valve according to claim 3, wherein said upstream intake passage is formed having a funnel shape, said funnel shape having a cross-sectional area that reduces in cross-sectional area as said upstream intake passage approaches said communication passage.
7. The valve according to claim 6, wherein said valve element includes a first wall portion and a second wall portion disposed in radially opposite positions, respectively, and located along an exterior of said communication passage in a fully-open valve state.
8. A rotary-body type throttle valve for a spark ignition internal combustion engine comprising:
a valve casing having an interior;
an upstream intake passage and a downstream intake passage, wherein said upstream intake passage is formed having a funnel shape, said funnel shape having a cross-sectional area that reduces in cross-sectional area as said upstream intake passage approaches said communication passage;
an intake passage formed within said interior and having a rotary-body recess portion formed within said intake passage and having an axis line intersecting a central axis of said intake passage;
a valve element having a rotary-body shape rotatably fitted into said rotary-body recess portion of said valve casing;
a communication passage provided between said upstream and downstream intake passages, said upstream intake passage and said downstream intake passage sandwiching said rotary-body recess portion; and
a through hole formed in a first rotary outer surface of said valve element, said through hole directed from said communication passage of said valve element in a direction intersecting the central axis of said communication passage and penetrating said first rotary outer surface of said valve element.
9. The valve according to claim 8 further comprising at least one groove formed in at least a portion of an inclined wall surface of said upstream intake passage and in parallel with a planar plane including an axis of said upstream intake passage and a rotary axis of said valve element.
10. The valve according to claim 8, wherein said groove has a depth less than or equal to a thickness of a valve wall of said valve element.
11. The valve according to claim 10, wherein a dimension of said through hole as measured with respect to a circumferential direction of said valve-element is set between – of a diameter of said intake passage.
12. The valve according to claim 8, wherein a dimension of said through hole as measured with respect to a circumferential direction of said valve-element is set between – of a diameter of said intake passage.
13. The valve according to claim 8, wherein said valve element includes a first wall portion and a second wall portion disposed in radially opposite positions, respectively, and located along an exterior of said communication passage in a fully-open valve state.
14. The valve according to claim 13, wherein said valve element includes a first wall portion and a second wall portion disposed in radially opposite positions, respectively, and located along an exterior of said communication passage in a fully-open valve state.
15. The valve according to claim 1, wherein said rotary body shape has a spherical shape.
16. The valve according to claim 1, wherein said rotary body shape has a conical shape.
17. The valve according to claim 1, wherein said rotary body shape has a barrel shape.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A light guide plate having an input surface for receiving light from a light source, a micro-patterned output surface for emitting light, and a micro-patterned bottom surface opposing to the output surface, made in steps comprising:
extruding a resin into the nip between a first patterned roller and a second patterned roller at a first patterned roller surface temperature T1, a second patterned roller temperature T2, and a nip pressure P1, to form an optical sheet, the optical sheet having a first patterned surface and a second patterned surface, the first patterned surface having a micro-pattern transferred from the first patterned roller and the second patterned surface having a micro-pattern transferred from the second patterned roller, and
cutting and finishing the said optical sheet into a plurality of double-sided light guide plates having the specified length and width dimensions.
2. The light guide plate of claim 1, having a thickness less than or equal to 1.0 mm.
3. The light guide plate of claim 1 having a width and a length that is greater than or equal to 0.15 m.
4. The light guide plate of claim 1, wherein the micro-pattern on the output or bottom surface comprises discrete elements and the micro-pattern on the other principal surface comprises continuous elements.
5. The light guide plate of claim 1, wherein the micro-pattern on both the output surface and the bottom surface comprises continuous elements.
6. The light guide plate of claim 1, wherein the micro-pattern on both the output surface and the bottom surface comprises discrete elements.
7. The light guide plate of claim 4, wherein the discrete elements have a length and a width being greater than or equal to 15 \u03bcm and a height being less than or equal to 12 \u03bcm.
8. The light guide plate of claim 4, wherein the discrete elements have a length \u0394L, a width \u0394W, and a height d and the ratios d\u0394L and d\u0394W are less than or equal to 0.45.
9. The light guide plate of claim 1, wherein T1 and T2 are greater than Tg1\u221250\xb0 C., with Tg1 being the glass transition temperature of the extruded resin.
10. The light guide plate of claim 1, wherein the nip pressure P1 is greater than 8 Newtons per millimeter of roller width.
11. The light guide plate of claim 1, wherein the pattern on one or both the first and second patterned rollers is provided from a patterned belt.
12. The light guide plate of claim 1, wherein the extruded resin is either a polycarbonate, an olefinic polymer or an acrylic polymer.