1. A method in a first network element of a wireless communications network, the method comprising:
receiving a first message from a mobility management entity (MME), the first message associated with causing a circuit switched fallback (CSFB) procedure to move a User Equipment (UE) from the first network element to a second network element;
determining that Packet Switched Handover (PS HO) is not available for the CSFB procedure because the UE has only one or more Local IP Access (LIPA) packet data network (PDN) connections at the first network element; and
sending a second message to the UE in response to said determining, wherein the second message is a signaling message to trigger a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection release with redirection to the second network element, where the signaling message to trigger the RRC connection release comprises one or more physical cell identities and associated system information if the second network element is a Global System for Mobile Enhanced Data Rates for Global System for Mobile Evolution Radio Access Network (GERAN) base station or Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) base station, and the UE and the wireless communications network support \u201cRRC connection release with redirection and Multi Cell System Information to GERANUTRAN.\u201d
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second network element is one of a GERAN base station and a UTRAN base station.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second message is an RRC message including an Inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) cell change order to a GERAN neighbor base station if the UE and the wireless communications network support inter-RAT cell change order to GERAN and the second network element is a GERAN base station.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the signaling message to trigger the RRC connection release with redirection causes a redirection to the second network element, if the second network element is a GERAN or UTRAN base station.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first network element is a home evolved node base station (HeNB).
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first message is a UE context modification request including a CSFB indicator.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining that PS HO is not available for the CSFB procedure comprises detecting an indication in the first message from the MME that PS HO is not available.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining that PS HO is not available for the CSFB procedure is based upon an existence of a bearer for the UE that has an associated correlation identifier.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the CSFB procedure is related to a mobile originated call.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the CSFB procedure is related to a mobile terminated call.
11. A first network element for a wireless communications network, comprising:
at least one processor configured to:
receive a first message from a mobility management entity (MME), the first message associated with causing a circuit switched fallback (CSFB) procedure to move a User Equipment (UE) from the first network element to a second network element;
determine that Packet Switched Handover (PS HO) is not available for the CSFB procedure because the UE has only one or more Local IP Access (LIPA) packet data network (PDN) connections at the first network element; and
send a second message to the UE in response to said determining, wherein the second message is a signaling message to trigger a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection release with redirection to the second network element, where the signaling message to trigger the RRC connection release comprises one or more physical cell identities and associated system information if the second network element is a Global System for Mobile Enhanced Data Rates for Global System for Mobile Evolution Radio Access Network (GERAN) base station or Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) base station, and the UE and the wireless communications network support \u201cRRC connection release with redirection and Multi Cell System Information to GERANUTRAN.\u201d
12. The first network element of claim 11, wherein the first network element comprises a home evolved node base station (HeNB).
13. The first network element of claim 11, wherein the second network element is one of a GERAN base station and a UTRAN base station.
14. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied therein, said computer readable program code when executed causes a first network element of a wireless communications network to:
receive a first message from a mobility management entity (MME), the first message associated with causing a circuit switched fallback (CSFB) procedure to move a User Equipment (UE) from the first network element to a second network element;
determine that Packet Switched Handover (PS HO) is not available for the CSFB procedure because the UE has only one or more Local IP Access (LIPA) packet data network (PDN) connections at the first network element; and
send a second message to the UE in response to said determining, wherein the second message is a signaling message to trigger a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection release with redirection to the second network element, where the signaling message to trigger the RRC connection release comprises one or more physical cell identities and associated system information if the second network element is a Global System for Mobile Enhanced Data Rates for Global System for Mobile Evolution Radio Access Network (GERAN) base station or Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) base station, and the UE and the wireless communications network support \u201cRRC connection release with redirection and Multi Cell System Information to GERANUTRAN.\u201d
15. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein the second network element is one of a GERAN base station and a UTRAN base station.
16. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein first network element is a home evolved node base station (HeNB).
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the first network element is a first base station, and the second network element is a second base station.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless communications network supporting \u201cRRC connection release with redirection and Multi Cell System Information to GERANUTRAN\u201d comprises the wireless communications network supporting RRC connection release with redirection, and Multi Cell System Information to GERANUTRAN.
19. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more LIPA PDN connections are not supported at the second network element.
20. The first network element of claim 11, wherein the first network element is a first base station, and the second network element is a second base station.
21. The first network element of claim 11, wherein the signaling message to trigger the RRC connection release with redirection causes a redirection to the second network element, if the second network element is a GERAN or UTRAN base station.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for performing carotid stenting, including:
a guide catheter having a first occlusion balloon adjacent a distal end thereof, and a working lumen sized to permit a stent delivery system to be advance therethrough, the first occlusion balloon being sized to occlude blood flow in a patient’s common carotid artery;
a member having a portion extending distally of the distal end of the guide catheter, the member including a second occlusion balloon disposed adjacent to a distal end thereof, the second occlusion balloon being sized to occlude blood flow in a second artery; and
means for selectively inflating the first and second balloons.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an angioplasty balloon catheter sized to be advanced or withdrawn through the working lumen.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a stent delivery system adapted to be advanced or withdrawn through the working lumen.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the member comprises a separate element advancable through the working lumen.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the second artery is the internal carotid artery.
6. A method of performing an interventional procedure in the internal carotid arteries comprising:
blocking blood flow in the common carotid artery;
blocking blood flow in a carotid artery distal to carotid bifurcation;
performing angioplasty on a stenosis;
unblocking blood flow in the branch carotid artery; and
unblocking blood flow in the common carotid artery.
7. The method of claim 6 further comprising deploying a stent after angioplasty.
8. The method of claim 6 further comprising aspirating material from a site of the stenosis.
9. The method of claim 6 further comprising introducing visualization reagents during the procedure.
10. A method of performing an operation including angioplasty in one branch of a bifurcated artery comprising:
blocking blood flow in the artery proximal to the bifurcation;
blocking blood flow in a branch of the artery distal to the angioplasty site;
performing angioplasty on a stenosis;
unblocking blood flow in the branch of the artery distal to the angioplasty site; and
unblocking blood flow in the artery proximal to the bifurcation.
11. The method of claim 10 further comprising deploying a stent after angioplasty.
12. The method of claim 10 further comprising aspirating material from a site of the stenosis.
13. The method of claim 10 further comprising introducing visualization reagents during the procedure.